•This study used a prospective cohort study to observe the effect of triple-negative breast cancer on the 2-year disease-free survival rate with or without “TCM Formula”.•Through K-–M survival ...analysis, TNBC patients with age ≤35 years and regional lymph node stage N1 may be the benefit group of “TCM Formula”(P < 0.05).•Logistic multivariate regression analysis predicted that “TCM Formula” could reduce the disease-related recurrence and metastasis rate by 11% (OR=0.89, 95 % CI 0.37−0.956, P < 0.05).
This study used a prospective cohort study to observe the effect of triple-negative breast cancer on the 2-year disease-free survival rate with or without “TCM formula”.
From November 1 st, 2016, the first patient was enrolled in the cohort study. A total of 356 patients were enrolled on January 30, 2019. Among them, 154 cases were followed up for 2 years. During the follow-up, there were 6 cases of shedding, so 6 cases were affected. A total of 148 cases were included in the analysis, including 73 in the exposed group and 75 in the non-exposed group. The exposed group was given “TCM formula” on the basis of standardized treatment, and the non-exposed group was treated with simple triple-negative breast cancer. The two groups visited each of the three months. The interview included safety examination (hematology and imaging). The endpoint was the difference in 2-year invasive disease-free survival between the exposed and non-exposed groups and the safety of the “TCM formula”.
There were 6 cases of shedding during the experiment and the shedding rate was 3.9 %. The 2-year rate of invasive disease-free survival in the exposed team was 88.7 % and the non-exposed group was 82.5 %. Logistic multivariate regression analysis predicted that “TCM formula” could reduce the disease-related recurrence and metastasis rate by 11 % (OR = 0.89, 95 % CI 0.37−0.956, P＜0.05). Through K–M survival analysis, TNBC patients with age ≤35 years and regional lymph node stage N1 may be the benefit group of “TCM formula”(P＜0.05). During the study, the incidence of total adverse events was 8.2 % in the exposed group, mainly manifested as stomach discomfort, diarrhea, and hepatocyte damage.
1. In the exposed group, the two-year rate of invasive disease-free survival increased by 6.2 % compared with the non-exposed group(P＞0.05). 2. According to K–M survival analysis, TNBC patients with age ≤35 years and regional lymph node metastasis to N1 may be potential beneficiaries of “TCM formula”. 3. “TCM Formula” is safe and tolerable to most patients.
Heat accumulation has become a key factor limiting the speed and pressure of pumps. Therefore, heat transfer analysis is an important and urgent task to analyze the mechanical efficiency and cooling ...performance. The derivation of the correct convective heat transfer coefficient is a basic work of calculating the accurate thermal state. This paper focuses on the Taylor flow heat transfer in a two-dimensional piston pump. Firstly, the theoretical and experimental studies are carried out on its thermal model to investigate the annular convective heat transfer coefficients, from 1000 rpm to 6000 rpm. Furthermore, the data are set in the transient thermal simulation model with Ansys software and the simulation results are mutually validated with the experimental ones. The Nusselt numbers are also calculated and compared with the empirical formulas. Two new Taylor flow relations, within 15% mean deviation, are deduced. As the rotational speed and oil temperature rise, the oil cavitation becomes more severe, restricting the convective heat transfer. Therefore, the thermal analysis must adopt the experimental ones rather than the empirical ones, above 3000 rpm. Finally, a modified relation is introduced to the gas-liquid two-phase flow heat transfer of the pump transmission.
In order to understand the aspect ratio and capillary ratio dependence of the coupled thermal-solutal capillary-buoyancy flow in an annular pool subjected to radial temperature and solute ...concentration gradients, a series of three-dimensional numerical simulations are conducted by applying the finite volume method. The annular pool was filled with the silicon-germanium melt with the silicon mass fraction of 1.99% (Pr = 6.37 × 10−3 and Le = 2197.8). Results show that axisymmetric stable flow always occurs in an annular pool when the thermal capillary Reynolds number is relatively small. The evolution of the flow pattern undergoes two and three stages with the increase of the aspect ratio and the capillary ratio, respectively. Besides the special case of Rσ = −1, the critical thermal Reynolds number at which the flow bifurcates into a three-dimensional flow rises with the increase of the capillary ratio and the decrease of the aspect ratio. Various three-dimensional flow patterns, including the lotus-like pattern, spoke pattern, hydrosolutal waves, ear-like pattern, growth-ring-like pattern and petal-like pattern, appear in the annular pool. The transitions and characteristic parameters of these flow patterns are strongly related to the capillary ratio, aspect ratio and thermal capillary Reynolds number.
•Thermal-solutal capillary-buoyancy flow in an annular pool is simulated.•Basic flow undergoes three and two stages with capillary and aspect ratios.•Critical thermal capillary Reynolds number depends on capillary and aspect ratios.•Rich 3D flow patterns and their characteristic parameters are analyzed.
Six undescribed triterpenoids, schincarins A‒F, categorized as the preschisanartane (schincarin A), 3,4-secocycloartane (schincarins B‒D), 3,4; 9,10-disecocycloartane (schincarin E), and ...3,4-secolanostane (schincarin F) classes, along with twelve known analogues, were obtained from the stems and leaves of Schisandra incarnata Stapf. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analyses. The absolute configuration of schincarin A was corroborated by analysis of the experimental ECD spectrum, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction with Mo Kα irradiation. Schincarin A represented the first example of preschisanartane-type triterpenoid with two oxa-bridged hemiketals. Among the selected compounds which were evaluated for immunosuppressive activities, schincarin C and kadsudilactone A showed potential inhibition against ConA-induced T-cell proliferation with IC50 values of 5.83 and 6.32 μM, and LPS-induced B cell proliferation with IC50 values of 10.21 and 11.49 μM, respectively.
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•Six undescribed and twelve known triterpenoids were identified from Schisandra incarnata.•Schincarin A represented the first example of preschisanartane-type triterpenoid with two oxa-bridged hemiketals.•Schincarin C and kadsudilactone A showed potential immunosuppressive effects.
Investigations of disease incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) are valuable for facilitating preventive measures and health resource planning. We examined the tracheal, ...bronchus, and lung (TBL) cancer burdens worldwide according to sex, age, and social development index (SDI) at the global, regional, and national levels.
We assessed the TBL cancer burden using data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database, including 21 regions, 195 countries, and territories in the diagnostic period 1990-2017. The data of TBL cancer-related mortality and DALYs attributable to all known risk factors were also analyzed. Age-standardized rates (ASRs) and their estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) were calculated.
Incident cases, deaths, and DALYs of TBL cancer increased worldwide (100.44%, 82.30%, and 61.27%, respectively). The age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) was stable (EAPC = 0.02, 95% confidence interval CI - 0.03 to 0.08), but the age-standardized death (EAPC = - 0.34, 95%CI - 0.38 to - 0.3) and DALY rate decreased generally (EAPC = - 0.74, 95%CI - 0.8 to - 0.68). However, the change trend of ASIR and ASDR among sexes was on the contrary. China and the USA always had the highest incidence, mortality, and DALYs of TBL cancer. Significant positive correlations between ASRs and SDI were observed, especially among females. High (36.86%), high-middle (28.78%), and middle SDI quintiles (24.91%) carried the majority burden of TBL cancer. Tobacco remained the top cause of TBL cancer death and DALYs, followed by air pollution, the leading cause in the low-middle and low-SDI quintiles. Metabolic risk-related TBL cancer mortality and DALYs among females increased but was stable among males. The main ages of TBL cancer onset and death were > 50 years, and the DALYs concentrated in 50 - 69 years.
To significantly reduce the growing burden of TBL cancer, treatment resources need to be skewed according to factors such as risks and geography, especially for high-risk groups and high-burden areas. Asia had the greatest TBL cancer burden, followed by high-income North America. Tobacco remains the leading cause of death and DALYs, followed by air pollution. Effective prevention measures against tobacco and air pollution should be strengthened.
Callus formation and adventitious shoot differentiation could be observed on the cut surface of completely decapitated tomato plants. We propose that this process can be used as a model system to ...investigate the mechanisms that regulate indirect regeneration of higher plants without the addition of exogenous hormones. This study analyzed the patterns of trans-zeatin and miRNA expression during in vivo regeneration of tomato. Analysis of trans-zeatin revealed that the hormone cytokinin played an important role in in vivo regeneration of tomato. Among 183 miRNAs and 1168 predicted target genes sequences identified, 93 miRNAs and 505 potential targets were selected based on differential expression levels for further characterization. Expression patterns of six miRNAs, including sly-miR166, sly-miR167, sly-miR396, sly-miR397, novel 156, and novel 128, were further validated by qRT-PCR. We speculate that sly-miR156, sly-miR160, sly-miR166, and sly-miR397 play major roles in callus formation of tomato during in vivo regeneration by regulating cytokinin, IAA, and laccase levels. Overall, our microRNA sequence and target analyses of callus formation during in vivo regeneration of tomato provide novel insights into the regulation of regeneration in higher plants.
How rumors fly Jia, Ming; Ruan, Hongfei; Zhang, Zhe
Journal of business research,
03/2017, Letnik:
72
Journal Article
Recenzirano
News media do not always report objectively. In particular, negative rumors encourage news media to hype unconfirmed reports and lead to media bias. In this study, we seek to understand how negative ...rumors spur corporate clarifications. We find that after rumors surface, news coverage of those rumors by credible sources increases the magnitude of subsequent media bias on target firms. Moreover, we find that the power of a negative rumor depends on the extent to which the public believes the rumor. We focus on how community religious norms affect the public's interpretation of rumors and propose that religious norms among the population surrounding a target firm increase the magnitude of negative media bias on that firm. To counter media bias, we find that firms—especially those with reputations for corporate philanthropy—make technical clarification announcements that provide substantial details. Based on samples of negative rumors in the Chinese stock market from 2006 to 2012, empirical studies provide strong support for our arguments.
•Negative rumors encourage news media to hype unconfirmed reports and lead to media bias.•News coverage of those rumors by credible sources increases the magnitude of subsequent media bias on target firms.•Religious norms among the population surrounding a target firm increase the magnitude of negative media bias on that firm.•Firms should make technical-clarification announcements to fight media bias.•A reputation for corporate philanthropy buttresses that clarification strategy.
Numerous studies have explored the therapeutic potential of microRNA (miR) in myocardial infarction (MI) treatment. This study focuses on the role of miR-322-5p in MI, particularly in its regulatory ...interaction with B-cell translocation gene 2 (BTG2).
Expression levels of miR-322-5p and BTG2 were assessed in a rat MI model. Adenovirus altering miR-322-5p or BTG2 expression were administered to MI rats. Evaluation included cardiac function, inflammation, myocardial injury, pathological changes, apoptosis, and NF-κB pathway-related genes in MI rats post-targeted treatment. The miR-322-5p and BTG2 targeting relationship was investigated.
MI rats exhibited low miR-322-5p and high BTG2 expression in the myocardial tissues. Restoration of miR-322-5p enhanced cardiac function, alleviated inflammation and myocardial injury, mitigated pathological changes and apoptosis, and deactivated the NF-κB pathway in MI rats. BTG2 expression was negatively-regulated by miR-322-5p. Overexpressed BTG2 counteracted miR-322-5p-induced cardioprotection on MI rats.
This study provides evidence that miR-322-5p protects against MI by suppressing BTG2 expression.
•Hierarchical porous HZSM-5 zeolites had been prepared by alkaline treatment.•The performance of alkali-treated zeolites were tested in CFP of waste cardboard.•Carbon yield of aromatics increased ...dramatically, especially BTX compounds.•Coke yield was decreased by mildly alkali-treated HZSM-5 zeolites.
The effects of hierarchical porous HZSM-5 zeolites on improving the yield of aromatic hydrocarbons during catalytic fast pyrolysis (CFP) of waste cardboard (WCB) were investigated. Desilicated HZSM-5 zeolites were successfully prepared by alkaline treatment using NaOH solution with different concentrations (0.1M–0.7M). A Py-GC/MS apparatus was adopted to carry out the CFP experiments. Results showed that under mild alkaline treatment (NaOH concentration ≤0.3M), the micropores and crystallinity of HZSM-5 were preserved, while the mesopores and weak acid sites increased. The desilicated HZSM-5 zeolites increased the total yield of pyrolytic products from WCB. With regard to the product distribution, carbon yield of aromatics increased dramatically, while that of sugars, carbonyl compounds and other oxygenates decreased obviously. Specifically, HZSM-5 treated by 0.3M NaOH solution (HZ-0.3M) was proved to be the most effective catalyst, resulting in a 44% increase of carbon yield of aromatics and an 82% increase of carbon yield of BTX (benzene, toluene and xylenes) comparing to the parent HZSM-5. In addition, the amount of coke deposited on HZ-0.3M decreased by 29% compared to that on the parent HZSM-5. The retained micropores and the created mesopores of desilicated HZSM-5 zeolites contributed to the enhancement of catalytic performance. However, harsh alkaline treatment of HZSM-5 zeolites (NaOH concentration ≥0.5M) resulted in the grave collapse of zeolitic crystallinity and the obvious loss of micropores. As a result, the catalytic activities of HZSM-5 zeolites had been weakened.
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