In this paper, a duty-varied voltage pulse-charge strategy (DVVPCS), that can detect and dynamically track the suitable duty of the charge pulse, is proposed to improve the battery-charge ...performance. To assess the system performance, a prototype of the duty-varied voltage pulse charger (DVVPC) is designed and implemented. Comparing with the standard constant-current and constant-voltage (CC-CV) charge strategy, the charge speed of the proposed DVVPCS is improved by about 14%, while the proposed DVVPCS is improved by about 5% in comparison with the conventional duty-fixed voltage pulse-charge strategy (DFVPCS). The charge efficiency of the proposed DVVPC has been improved by about 3.4% as compared with that of the general CC-CV. In comparison with conventional DFVPCS with D = 50%, the charge efficiency of the proposed DVVPCS is improved by about 1.5%. The results indicate that the DVVPCS can actually provide pulse with suitable duty to charge the battery, and the charge performance is improved.
In this paper, a variable frequency pulse charge system (VFPCS), that can detect and dynamically track the optimal charge frequency, is proposed to improve the battery-charge response. To assess the ...system performance, a prototype of the VFPCS for 600-mAh lithium-ion battery is designed and implemented. Compared with the standard constant-current and constant-voltage charge system, the charge speed of the proposed VFPCS is improved above 24%, while the proposed VFPCS is improved above 10% compared with the conventional fixed-frequency pulse charge system. The results indicate that the VFPCS can actually provide pulse with optimal frequency to charge the battery and the charge response is improved
Skimmin, a natural coumarin derivate, has been showed to be protective against experimental diabetic nephropathy; however, its protective effect on diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is not clarified. By ...using in vitro and in vivo models, we investigated skimmin's protective effect on impaired heart tissues in DCM. DCM was induced by streptozotocin (STZ, 60 mg/kg) using Sprague Dawley rats, and diabetic rats were treated with either skimmin (15 or 30 mg/kg) or the vehicle for 16 weeks, and normal rats were used as a control. Hematoxylin and eosin and Masson's trichrome staining were performed to evaluate the cardiac histopathology, and the oxidative stress and proinflammation cytokines in heart tissues were measured. The protein levels of key mediators in fibrosis, pyroptosis, and autophagy in heart tissues were investigated using western blotting. In vitro, primary neonatal cardiomyocytes were treated with skimmin (2 and 10 μM) under stimulation by high glucose (30 mM) and low glucose (5 mM) respectively, and the molecular mechanisms on pyroptosis and autophagy were studied. Compared to the vehicle‐treated DCM group, skimmin treatment significantly improved the ejection fraction and fractional shortening of the left ventricle and reduced the oxidative stress by increasing the glutathione level and activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase. Skimmin also reduced cardiac fibrosis, and decreased proinflammation cytokines in cardiac tissues. Mechanism studies showed skimmin may enhance the autophagy and ameliorate NLRP3 inflammasome activation to play a protective role in DCM. This study, for the first time, indicates that skimmin might be a promising lead compound for DCM.
3D perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have shown great promise for use in next‐generation photovoltaic devices. However, some challenges need to be addressed before their commercial production, such as ...enormous defects formed on the surface, which result in severe SRH recombination, and inadequate material interplay between the composition, leading to thermal‐, moisture‐, and light‐induced degradation. 2D perovskites, in which the organic layer functions as a protective barrier to block the erosion of moisture or ions, have recently emerged and attracted increasing attention because they exhibit significant robustness. Inspired by this, surface passivation by employing 2D perovskites deposited on the top of 3D counterparts has triggered a new wave of research to simultaneously achieve higher efficiency and stability. Herein, we exploited a vast amount of literature to comprehensively summarize the recent progress on 2D/3D heterostructure PSCs using surface passivation. The review begins with an introduction of the crystal structure, followed by the advantages of the combination of 2D and 3D perovskites. Then, the surface passivation strategies, optoelectronic properties, enhanced stability, and photovoltaic performance of 2D/3D PSCs are systematically discussed. Finally, the perspectives of passivation techniques using 2D perovskites to offer insight into further improved photovoltaic performance in the future are proposed.
This review presents state‐of‐the‐art developments in 2D/3D heterostructure perovskite solar cells (PSCs) using surface passivation. The basic crystal structure, surface passivation strategy/process, optoelectronic properties, enhanced stability, and outstanding performance based on 2D/3D PSCs are systematically discussed. In addition, some emerging challenges and critical thoughts for 2D/3D PSCs are proposed to provide insights into follow‐up studies.
Peatlands play a crucial role in the global carbon cycle. Sphagnum mosses (peat mosses) are considered to be the peatland ecosystem engineers and contribute to the carbon accumulation in the peatland ...ecosystems. As cold‐adapted species, the dominance of Sphagnum mosses in peatlands will be threatened by climate warming. The response of Sphagnum mosses to climate change is closely related to the future trajectory of carbon fluxes in peatlands. However, the impact of climate change on the habitat suitability of Sphagnum mosses on a global scale is poorly understood. To predict the potential impact of climate change on the global distribution of Sphagnum mosses, we used the MaxEnt model to predict the potential geographic distribution of six Sphagnum species that dominate peatlands in the future (2050 and 2070) under two greenhouse gas emission scenarios (SSP1‐2.6 and SSP5‐8.5). The results show that the mean temperature of the coldest quarter, precipitation of the driest month, and topsoil calcium carbonate are the main factors affecting the habitat availability of Sphagnum mosses. As the climate warms, Sphagnum mosses tend to migrate northward. The suitable habitat and abundance of Sphagnum mosses increase extensively in the high‐latitude boreal peatland (north of 50°N) and decrease on a large scale beyond the high‐latitude boreal peatland. The southern edge of boreal peatlands would experience the greatest decline in the suitable habitat and richness of Sphagnum mosses with the temperature rising and would be a risk area for the transition from carbon sink to carbon source. The spatial–temporal pattern changes of Sphagnum mosses simulated in this study provide a reference for the development of management and conservation strategies for Sphagnum bogs.
The response of Sphagnum mosses to climate change is closely related to the future trajectory of carbon fluxes in peatlands. We simulated the potential geographic distribution of Sphagnum mosses that dominate peatlands under future climate scenarios. The results show that climate change will result in the migration of Sphagnum species northward. The southern edge of boreal peatlands would experience the greatest decline in the suitable habitat and richness of Sphagnum mosses with the temperature rising and would be a risk area for the transition from carbon sink to carbon source.
Electricity plays a crucial role in the well-being of humans and is a determining factor of the economic development of a country. Electricity issues have encouraged researchers to focus on improving ...power availability and quality along with reliability. This pursuit has increasingly raised the intention to integrate renewable energy (RE) into power systems to curb the problem of energy deficiency. However, intermittency in the sources of RE supply coupled with fluctuating changes in demand with respect to time has induced high risk in maintaining system reliability in terms of providing adequate supply to consumers. Whilst an energy storage system (ESS) is not another source of electricity, it is proven to be effective and viable in solving the aforementioned issues. Thus, this paper comprehensively reviews the development of ESS technologies and discusses the benefits and real-life applications of these technologies. The concept of reliability in power systems is also explored to provide an improved understanding of this study. Lastly, notable studies that have addressed the reliability impact of ESSs on power systems are discussed. This review paper therefore is expected to provide a critical analysis of ESS developments, as well as recognize their research gaps in terms of reliability studies in modern RE-integrated power networks.
Growing concern about photothermal tumor therapy (PTT) as a promising alternative to conventional liver cancer treatment, which is a treatment strategy that utilizes near‐infrared (NIR) light‐induced ...photothermal agents (PTAs) to yield photothermal effects to localize thermal damage for tumors. Herein, given the gap between experimental research and clinical application, this review seeks to timely summarize and highlight the recent progress of PTAs used for photothermal treatment of liver cancer in vivo and in vitro in the last five‐year. The implications of various PTAs on the multifunctional photothermal conversion capability, the structure‐performance correlations of PTT, together with the evaluation of their potential in application are systematically dissected to further dig out what the buried mechanism is. Besides, higher requirements are put forward for the discrepancies and crucial issues faced by different PTAs in PTT with related medical technical obstacles being conquered, which lays a solid theoretical foundation for the medical field of oncology treatment as a whole, especially liver cancer. Finally, it is expected that this review can present valuable guidance for the design of efficient, photostability, and biosafety‐aware PTAs for anticancer therapy while stepping into the fast traffic lane for the conversion from bench to bedside in the foreseeable future.
This review systematically summarizes the research progress of PTAs in the photothermal treatment of liver cancer in the past five years. The implications of various PTAs on the multifunctional photothermal conversion capability, the structure‐performance correlations of PTT, and the evaluation of their potential application are dissected. Moreover, the prospect and challenges of high‐efficiency combined photothermal therapy are also proposed.
Summary
RNA editing is a crucial modification in plants' organellar transcripts that converts cytidine to uridine (C‐to‐U; and sometimes uridine to cytidine) in RNA molecules. This ...post‐transcriptional process is controlled by the PLS‐class protein with a DYW domain, which belongs to the pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) protein family. RNA editing is widespread in land plants; however, complex thalloid liverworts (Marchantiopsida) are the only group reported to lack both RNA editing and DYW‐PPR protein.
The liverwort Cyathodium cavernarum (Marchantiopsida, Cyathodiaceae), typically found in cave habitats, was newly found to have 129 C‐to‐U RNA editing sites in its chloroplast and 172 sites in its mitochondria.
The Cyathodium genus, specifically C. cavernarum, has a large number of PPR editing factor genes, including 251 DYW‐type PPR proteins. These DYW‐type PPR proteins may be responsible for C‐to‐U RNA editing in C. cavernarum.
Cyathodium cavernarum possesses both PPR DYW proteins and RNA editing. Our analysis suggests that the remarkable RNA editing capability of C. cavernarum may have been acquired alongside the emergence of DYW‐type PPR editing factors. These findings provide insight into the evolutionary pattern of RNA editing in land plants.
Marchantiopsida (complex thalloid liverworts) are one of the earliest lineages of embryophytes (land plants), and well‐known for their air pores and chambers, pegged rhizoids, and absence of ...organellular RNA editing sites. Despite their importance to an understanding of early embryophyte evolution, many key nodes within this class remain poorly resolved, owing to the paucity of genetic loci previously available for phylogenetic analyses. Here, we sequenced 54 plastomes, representing 28 genera, nearly all families, and all orders of Marchantiopsida. Based on these plastomes, we present a hypothesis of deep relationships within the class, and make the first investigations of gene contents and synteny. Overall, the Marchantiopsida plastomes were well‐conserved, with the exception of the genus Cyathodium that has plastomes with higher GC content, fewer single sequence repeats (SSRs), and more structural variations, implying that this genus might possess RNA editing sites. Abundant repetitive elements and six highly divergent regions were identified as suitable for future infrafamilial taxonomic studies. The phylogenetic topology of Sphaerocarpales, Neohodgsoniales and Blasiales within Marchantiopsida was essentially congruent with previous studies but generally we obtained higher support values. Based on molecular evidence and previous morphological studies, we include Lunulariales in Marchantiales and suggest the retention of narrowed delimitation of monotypic families. The phylogenetic relationships within Marchantiales were better resolved, and 13 monophyletic families were recovered. Our analyses confirmed that the loss of intron 2 of ycf3 is a synapomorphy of Marchantiidae. Finally, we propose a new genus, Asterellopsis (Aytoniaceae), and present an updated classification of Marchantiopsida. The highly supported phylogenetic backbone provided here establishes a framework for future comparative and evolutionary studies of the complex thalloid liverworts.
Purpose. The purpose of this study is to how the university brand wins the psychology of college students, and discusses the decision-making behavior of college students’ school choice and university ...brand based on consumer psychology.
Results. According to the results of the analysis, university brand wins the consumer psychology of college students through university brand value. The key factor that university brand affects the consumption psychology of college students is that education is regarded as the primary purpose of the brand. University brand is carried by people, and students and staff are the significant identification of university brand image and the fundamental guarantee of establishing this brand. University brand is a kind of brand that needs late effect evaluation. University brand reflects the educational quality and characteristics of the university, reflects the social reputation of the university, and represents the employment prospects of graduates. The university brand represents competitiveness. College students, as consumers, will consider the influence of college brand on future employment, and their choice of college will also affect its brand. College students’ brand selection can be divided into three time points and four development stages.
Scientific novelty. This article combines knowledge related to psychology and management, thus contributing to an interdisciplinary understanding of the university brand; analyzing many products, consumers cannot accept all of them, so the brand plays an important role in the consumer behavior of students.
Practical value. This article analyzes how university brand wins the psychology of college students, the key factors for the university brand to win the psychology of college students, and discusses the decision-making behavior of college students’ school choice and university brand based on consumer psychology. The strategy provides a certain theoretical basis.
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