Resumen Introducción La cefalea produce un impacto negativo sobre la calidad de vida de los jóvenes. Nuestro objetivo es analizar las características de esta población en una consulta monográfica de ...cefaleas (CMC) y evaluar la carga de las diferentes cefaleas codificadas según la Clasificación Internacional de Cefaleas (CIC). Métodos Durante un período de 6 años y medio, se han registrado los pacientes de edades entre los 14 y los 25 años atendidos en la CMC recogiendo de cada uno de ellos el sexo, pruebas complementarias y tratamiento utilizado previamente. Se llevó a cabo la comparación de las características de esta población con la de mayores de 25 años. Resultados Seiscientos cincuenta y un pacientes de entre 14 y 25 años fueron atendidos durante el período de inclusión; el 95,6% había recibido tratamiento sintomático y el 30,1% tratamiento preventivo. Setecientas cincuenta y cinco cefaleas fueron registradas, 80 fueron cefaleas secundarias, la mayoría codificadas en el grupo 8. El 77,2% de ellas fueron incluidas en el grupo 1, el 3,1% en el grupo 2, el 1,2% en el grupo 3 y el 5% en el grupo 4. El 0,6% de ellas fueron clasificadas en el grupo 13 y el 0,9% en el grupo 14. En 449 pacientes la puntuación del Headache Impact Test (HIT-6) mostró al menos un impacto moderado sobre la calidad de vida. Conclusión La mayoría de las cefaleas en jóvenes podrían ser codificadas de acuerdo con los criterios de la CIC. La migraña fue el diagnóstico más frecuente. Aunque la cefalea fue comúnmente asociada con impacto negativo en la calidad de vida, los tratamientos preventivos no fueron utilizados extensamente antes de ser derivados a la CMC.
Abstract Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are particle acceleration sites that can emit photons in the very high-energy (VHE) domain through nonthermal processes. From 2004 until 2018, the current generation ...of Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes (IACTs) did not detect any GRB in the VHE domain. However, from 2018 to 2020, five detections were reported. In this work, we try to solve the case of the missing VHE GBRs prior to 2018. We aim to identify GRBs that might have eluded VHE detection in past years by the H.E.S.S., MAGIC, and VERITAS IACTs. To do so, we study GRBs with known redshift detected by Swift from 2004 until June 2022. We first identify all GRBs that could have been observed by these IACTs since 2004, considering observation conditions and visibility constraints. We assume a relation between the X-rays and the VHE gamma rays based on the VHE GRBs detected to date and combine this with the redshift measurements, instrument response information, and observation conditions to predict the observed VHE gamma-ray flux from the Swift X-Ray Telescope measurements. We report findings on 12 bright low-redshift GRBs that we identify as most likely to have been detected in the VHE domain by current IACTs. The rate of IACT-detectable GRBs with ideal observation conditions is <1 VHE GRB per year with the current configuration. With its lower energy threshold and higher sensitivity, this rate increases to ∼4 VHE GRBs per year with the Cherenkov Telescope Array.
Background
OnabotulinumtoxinA (OnabotA) is effective in Chronic Migraine (CM) during first year of treatment and longer. In real clinical setting, CM patients with acute Medication Overuse (MO) or ...concurrently receiving oral preventatives are treated with OnabotA. We aim to assess evolution of CM patients beyond first year on OnabotA.
Methods
Data were retrospectively collected in three headache units. We analyzed cases who had received at least five sessions of OnabotA according to PREEMPT protocol. We continued OnabotA therapy when a reduction of number of headache days of at least 30% was achieved.
Results
We included 115 patients (98 females, 17 males) who completed 7.6 ± 2.3 (5–13) OnabotA procedures. Previously they had not responded to topiramate and, at least, one other preventative. Age at inclusion was 45.3 ± 12 (14–74) years, and latency between CM onset and OnabotA therapy was 43.1 ± 38.2 (6–166) months. At first OnabotA session 92 patients (80%) fulfilled MO criteria and 107 (93%) received a concurrent oral preventative. In 42 cases (36.5%) OnabotA dose was increased over 155 units. After first year in 57 out of 92 patients (61.9%) MO was discontinued. Among those receiving preventatives, in 52 out of 107 they were retired (48.6%). In 22 cases (19.1%) OnabotA administration was delayed to the fourth or fifth month and in 12 (10.4%) it was temporally stopped. Finally, in 18 patients (15.7%) OnabotA was discontinued due to lack of efficacy beyond first year of treatment.
Conclusion
Our results suggest that discontinuation of acute medication overuse and oral preventive therapies are achievable objectives in long-term using of OnabotA in CM patients.
Multicore superparamagnetic nanoparticles have been proposed as ideal tools for some biomedical applications because of their high magnetic moment per particle, high specific surface area and long ...term colloidal stability. Through controlled aggregation and packing of magnetic cores it is possible to obtain not only single-core but also multicore and hollow spheres with internal voids. In this work, we compare toxicological properties of single and multicore nanoparticles. Both types of particles showed moderate in vitro toxicity (MTT assay) tested in Hep G2 (human hepatocellular carcinoma) and Caco-2 (human colorectal adenocarcinoma) cells. The influence of surface chemistry in their biological behavior was also studied after functionalization with O,O'-bis(2-aminoethyl) PEG (2000 Da). For the first time, these nanoparticles were evaluated in a Xenopus laevis model studying their whole organism toxicity and their impact upon iron metabolism. The degree of activation of the metabolic pathway depends on the size and surface charge of the nanoparticles which determine their uptake. The results also highlight the potential of Xenopus laevis model bridging the gap between in vitro cell-based assays and rodent models for toxicity assessment to develop effective nanoparticles for biomedical applications.
Recent studies suggest that thrombotic complications are a common phenomenon in the novel SARS-CoV-2 infection. The main objective of our study is to assess cumulative incidence of pulmonary embolism ...(PE) in non critically ill COVID-19 patients and to identify its predicting factors associated to the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism. We retrospectevely reviewed 452 electronic medical records of patients admitted to Internal Medicine Department of a secondary hospital in Madrid during Covid 19 pandemic outbreak. We included 91 patients who underwent a multidetector Computed Tomography pulmonary angiography(CTPA) during conventional hospitalization. The cumulative incidence of PE was assessed ant the clinical, analytical and radiological characteristics were compared between patients with and without PE. PE incidence was 6.4% (29/452 patients). Most patients with a confirmed diagnosed with PE recieved low molecular weight heparin (LMWH): 79.3% (23/29). D-dimer peak was significatly elevated in PE vs non PE patients (14,480 vs 7230 mcg/dL, p = 0.03). In multivariate analysis of patients who underwent a CTPA we found that plasma D-dimer peak was an independen predictor of PE with a best cut off point of > 5000 µg/dl (OR 3.77; IC95% (1.18–12.16), p = 0.03). We found ninefold increased risk of PE patients not suffering from dyslipidemia (OR 9.06; IC95% (1.88–43.60). Predictive value of AUC for ROC is 75.5%. We found a high incidence of PE in non critically ill hospitalized COVID 19 patients despite standard thromboprophylaxis. An increase in D-dimer levels is an independent predictor for PE, with a best cut-off point of > 5000 µg/ dl.
Background
Electrical stimulation of skin afferents can induce somatosensory plasticity in humans. Nevertheless, it is unknown if this is possible to do through percutaneous stimulation of a ...peripheral nerve, which will allow for regional anaesthesia interventions. Furthermore, potentiation protocols applied over mainly non‐nociceptive fibres inhibit nociception in rodents, but this has not been tested in humans.
Objective
To determine whether a protocol aiming to depress the nociceptive circuit and another aiming to potentiate non‐nociceptive circuits produce regional hypoalgesia and changes in motor function, applied through percutaneous peripheral nerve stimulation (pPNS), and to assess which of them is more promising for pain relief, immediately and 24 h after the intervention.
Methods
PT‐cLF protocol aims to depress the nociceptive pathway through Pain Threshold, continuous Low Frequency stimulation and ST‐bHF aims to produce potentiation of the non‐nociceptive pathway, through Sensory Threshold burst stimulation at High Frequency. All subjects (n = 29) went through both protocols and a control condition in a randomized and blinded crossover design.
Results
Compared to control, ST‐bHF induced distal hypoalgesia, towards electrical (p = 0.04) and mechanical stimuli (p = 0.02) and produced mechanical hypoesthesia (p = 0.02). Contrarily, hypoalgesia was not observed after PT‐cLF (p > 0.05) but increased electrical motor threshold (p = 0.04), reduced motor recruitment (p = 0.03), and the subjects reported feeling reduced strength (p < 0.01).
Conclusion
This works provides evidence that is possible to induce antinociceptive plasticity in a wide territory using pPNS. Moreover, it demonstrates for the first time in humans that a protocol aiming to produce long‐term potentiation applied predominantly over non‐nociceptive afferents induces hypoesthesia and hypoalgesia.
ABSTRACT
Gamma-ray Bursts (GRB) were discovered by satellite-based detectors as powerful sources of transient γ-ray emission. The Fermi satellite detected an increasing number of these events with ...its dedicated Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM), some of which were associated with high energy photons ($E \gt 10$ GeV), by the Large Area Telescope (LAT). More recently, follow-up observations by Cherenkov telescopes detected very high energy emission ($E \gt 100$ GeV) from GRBs, opening up a new observational window with implications on the interpretation of their central engines and on the propagation of very energetic photons across the Universe. Here, we use the data published in the 2nd Fermi-LAT Gamma Ray Burst Catalogue to characterize the duration, luminosity, redshift, and light curve of the high energy GRB emission. We extrapolate these properties to the very high energy domain, comparing the results with available observations and with the potential of future instruments. We use observed and simulated GRB populations to estimate the chances of detection with wide-field ground-based γ-ray instruments. Our analysis aims to evaluate the opportunities of the Southern Wide-field-of-view Gamma-ray Observatory (SWGO), to be installed in the Southern Hemisphere, to complement CTA. We show that a low-energy observing threshold ($E_{low} \lt 200$ GeV), with good point source sensitivity ($F_{lim} \approx 10^{-11} \,\mathrm{erg\, cm^{-2}\, s^{-1}}$ in $1$ yr), are optimal requirements to work as a GRB trigger facility and to probe the burst spectral properties down to time-scales as short as $10$ s, accessing a time domain that will not be available to Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes instruments.
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•Thermophilic AD of black water (BW) results in 70% CODt removal.•Compared to mesophilic AD, higher loading rates can be applied during TAD of BW.•A thermophilic UASB treating BW can ...be started up in 12 days.•Hyper-thermophilic AD of BW results in 38% methanisation of CODt.
Thermophilic and hyper-thermophilic anaerobic digestion (AD) are promising techniques for the treatment of concentrated black water (toilet fraction of domestic wastewater collected by low flush volume toilets; BW), recovery of nutrients and simultaneous pathogen removal for safe recovery and reuse of those nutrients. This study showed that thermophilic AD (55 °C) of concentrated BW reaches the same methanisation and COD removal as mesophilic anaerobic treatment of BW (conventional vacuum toilets) and kitchen waste while applying a higher loading rate (OLR) (2.5–4.0 kgCOD/m3/day). With a retention time of 8.7 days, and an OLR of >3 kgCOD/m3/day, COD removal of 70% and a methanisation of 62% (based on CODt) was achieved during thermophilic AD. Hyper-thermophilic (70 °C) reached lower levels of methanisation (38%). Start-up time of thermophilic AD was 12 days. And during thermophilic AD, a shift from acetoclastic methanogenesis towards syntrophic acetate oxidation was observed.
Aims
To evaluate the real-time bone temperature changes during the preparation of the implant bed with a single-drill protocol with different drill designs and different slow drilling speeds in ...artificial type IV bone.
Materials and methods
For this experimental in vitro study, 600 implant bed preparations were performed in 10 bovine bone disks using three test slow drilling speeds (50/150/300 rpm) and a control drilling speed (1200 rpm). The temperature at crestal and apical areas and time variations produced during drilling with three different drill designs with similar diameter and length but different geometry were recorded with real-life thermographic analysis. Statistical analysis was performed by two-way analysis of variance. Multiple comparisons of temperatures and time with the different drill designs and speeds were performed with the Tukey’s test.
Results
T
Max
values for the control drilling speed with all the drill designs (D1 + 1200; D2 + 1200; D3 + 1200) were higher compared to those for the controls for 11 ± 1.32 °C (
p
< 0.05). The comparison of
T
Max
within the test groups showed that drilling at 50 rpm resulted in the lowest temperature increment (22.11 ± 0.8 °C) compared to the other slow drilling speeds of 150 (24.752 ± 1.1 °C) and 300 rpm (25.977 ± 1.2 °C) (
p
< 0.042). Temperature behavior at crestal and apical areas was similar being lower for slow drilling speeds compared to that for the control drilling speed. Slow drilling speeds required significantly more time to finish the preparation of the implant bed shown as follows: 50 rpm > 150 rpm > 300 rpm > control (
p
< 0.05).
Conclusions
A single-drill protocol with slow drilling speeds (50, 150, and 300 rpm) without irrigation in type IV bone increases the temperature at the coronal and apical levels but is below the critical threshold of 47 °C. The drill design in single-drill protocols using slow speeds (50, 150, and 300 rpm) does not have an influence on the thermal variations. The time to accomplish the implant bed preparation with a single-drill protocol in type IV bone is influenced by the drilling speed and not by the drill design. As the speed decreases, then more time is required.
BOLOMETRIC FLUX ESTIMATION FOR COOL EVOLVED STARS Belle, Gerard T. van; J. Creech-Eakman, Michelle; E. Ruiz-Velasco, Alma
The Astronomical journal,
07/2016, Letnik:
152, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
ABSTRACT Estimation of bolometric fluxes is an essential component of stellar effective temperature determination with optical and near-infrared interferometry. Reliable estimation of simply from ...broadband K-band photometry data is a useful tool in those cases were contemporaneous and/or wide-range photometry is unavailable for a detailed spectral energy distribution (SED) fit, as was demonstrated in Dyck et al. Recalibrating the intrinsic versus observed relationship of that study with modern SED fitting routines, which incorporate the significantly non-blackbody, empirical spectral templates of the INGS spectral library (an update of the library in Pickles) and estimation of reddening, serves to greatly improve the accuracy and observational utility of this relationship. We find that values predicted are roughly 11% less than the corresponding values predicted in Dyck et al., indicating the effects of SED absorption features across bolometric flux curves.
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