The conformity assessment of products or a measured value with the given standards is carried out based on the global risk of producers and consumers’ calculations. A product may conform to ...specifications but be falsely rejected as non-conforming. This is about the producer’s risk. If a product does not meet the requirements but is falsely accepted as conforming, that poses a risk to the consumer. The conventional approach to risk assessment, which yields only a single numerical value for the global risk of producers and consumers, is naturally extended and utilized for assessing risk in measurement models with linear regression. The outcomes of the two-dimensional extension, along a moderate scale, are the parabolas with upwards openings. Risk surfaces were obtained through three-dimensional extension over the area limited by the moderate scale and guard band axes. Four models with different ranges of tolerance intervals were used to test this innovative method of risk assessment in linear regression. The corresponding standard measurement uncertainties were determined by applying a simplified measurement model with the use of comprehensive data on the measurement performance and by determining measurement uncertainty derived from consideration of the functional relationship obtained by linear regression analysis. Models that utilize information from linear regression analysis to determine measurement uncertainty are biased towards risks at the edges of the moderate scale. Testing the model’s performances with metrics related to the confusion matrix, such as the F1 score, further substantiated this assertion. The diagnostic odds ratio has been proven to be extremely effective in identifying the curve along the guard band axis, along which the global risks of producers and consumers are at their lowest.
Hijacked from medical and health sciences, Systematic Literature Reviews (SLRs) are widely (ab)used in many scientific domains. Considering the ability to provide transparency and replicability of ...research results, many scientists consider an SLR a safe avenue for attaining scientific impact, given that the theoretical probability of acceptance is relatively high. Relying on dual analysis of Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) and Network Analysis (NA), the study identifies key features associated with citation impact within top-tier SLRs. Next, the study introduces Rationale, Cogency, and Extent (RCE) criterion for evaluating potential markers that predict citation impact using two case studies of SLRs from engineering domain. The findings suggest that the informal logic for starting a review significantly correlates with citation impact. Additionally, journal- and author-level metrics, along with RCE composite scores, display significant difference between top- and bottom-ranked SLRs. Through NA, reporting the quality assessment of studies (QATR) emerges as the most influential node within the RCE network. Despite its lack of direct correlation with citation impact, we conclude that QATR is a moderating variable. Finally, the study concludes that a well-articulated research question, alignment with existing evidence, and rigorous data use collectively serve as a blueprint for producing a high-quality SLR.
This paper presents the conformity assessment process of the epoxy coating thickness applied on water pipes made of gray cast iron with the specifications given for this kind of coating appliance. An ...epoxy coating was applied to prevent a special form of corrosion called the graphitization of cast iron. In order for the pipe to withstand its designed service life, it is necessary to ensure the required thickness of the applied coating. In accordance with the EN 877 norm, the thickness of the epoxy coating on the pipes for the projected corrosiveness of the environment C4 and the durability of 20 years is at least 70 μm and this indicates the required accuracy of the product. To achieve the desired product quality, statistical control of the coating application process was carried out and the impact of uncertainty associated with the measurement result was analyzed. Considering the quality of the coating application process and the quality of the measuring system, and to ensure the quality of products and to reduce consumer risk, the optimal thickness of the coating was determined.
Conformity assessment refers to activities undertaken to check whether some product, service or process meets certain criteria and specifications given by internationally accepted standards. The ...decision on whether a property of interest is aligned with the set standards is made based on measurement. However, uncertainty associated with the measurement results may lead to incorrect decisions. Measurement results may be falsely rejected as non-conforming, although they meet specifications. This is referred to as the producer’s risk. If the measurement result that does not meet the required specifications is accepted as conforming, this is referred to as the consumer’s risk. This paper covers calculations of global consumer's and producer's risk using the Bayesian approach and deals with the application of metrics related to confusion matrices in conformity assessments. These techniques have been used to assess the conformity of the bearing ring diameter with the given specifications. Based on the behavior of these metrics, the optimal length of the guard band was determined with the aim of minimizing the global consumer’s and producer’s risk.
Due to possible various physiological errors in sensory testing, regardless of knowledge and experience, it is necessary to control the results and assessors. This paper aims the possibility of some ...statistical tools based on laboratory control charts to monitor assessors in wine sensory analyses done in the certification procedure. The data of control charts and reliable results were processed, and individually the results of "100 points" and "Yes/No" methods. The possibility of checking the consistency and concordance of the assessors using wine faults descriptors is also presented. It has been observed that the Chi-square test and some graphical statistics, such as scatter with correlation analysis, can be a good tool in assessors monitoring. The results of sensory analyses affect the wine declaring, and therefore, continued development of technical conditions and tools in the monitoring of assessor's performance is expected to reduce subjectivity and potential errors.
Computed tomography is a non-destructive method that uses the nature of X-ray in order to measure both inner and outer objects' geometry. Because of many advantages and possibilities of conducting ...both material analysis inspection and dimensional measurement in a non-destructive way, the method is increasingly represented in industry. However, the method is very complex and has a huge number of influence parameters that cause errors in measurement results. Consequently, the measurement uncertainty as well as metrological traceability in general case are not achieved. In order to minimize and eliminate systematic errors, the reference objects are used. The usage of reference object for the purpose of identification and compensation of systematic errors is a generally accepted approach to ensure traceability. This article gives an overview of existing reference objects used in dimensional metrology with computed tomography and presents a new reference object.
The presence of dislocations significantly modifies the mechanical properties of crystalline solids. Severe plastic deformation (SPD) and the most used SPD process – the Equal Channel Angular ...Pressing (ECAP), affect the multiplication and localized accumulation of dislocations. This research is related to the observation of dislocation pile-up and significant reduction of the crystalline grain size caused by severe deformations in the ECAP process of the widely used aluminium material (Al 99.5%). Because of its lightweight, the application of Al 99.5 % can pose a challenge for the aviation and space industry, especially since its mechanical properties limit its application. Improving these mechanical properties can extend its applicability in cases of demanding constructions as well as influence the final product cost. As a confirmation of SPD in-fluence on mechanical properties, material hardness has been examined and described. Dislocation monitoring is enabled using the light and electron microscopy and AFM (Atomic Force Microscope) device. A numerical simulation of the Equal Channel Angular Pressing process using the ABAQUS software package determined the representative area of the most severe deformation.
Comparing Risk and Resilience Approaches Runje, Leon; Horvatić-Novak, Amalija; Runje, Biserka ...
Interdisciplinary Description of Complex Systems,
09/2021, Letnik:
19, Številka:
3
Journal Article, Paper
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Ever increasing challenges in the areas of risk management have led to a need for a risk management approach which deals not only with threat prevention but also adaption, absorption and recovery ...from adverse events. This has led to the rise of the concept of resilience analysis and management, which, unlike risk assessment and management focuses on the overall system under analysis rather than its individual components. Therefore, both the civilian and military sector have, over the past decade, emphasized the need to clarify the concept of resilience management as well as to differentiate it from related terms such as risk management. This article aims to build upon the existing literature and provide a comparison of the risk and resilience approaches which offer ways to analyze and manage these concepts
Atomic Force Microscopy Runje, Biserka; Lisjak, Dragutin; Kolar, Davor ...
Tehnički glasnik,
2024, Letnik:
18, Številka:
2
Journal Article, Paper
Recenzirano
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The atomic force microscope (AFM) enables the measurement of sample surfaces at the nanoscale. Reference standards with calibration gratings are used for the adjustment and verification of AFM ...measurement devices. Thus far, there are no guidelines or guides available in the field of atomic force microscopy that analyze the influence of input parameters on the quality of measurement results, nor has the measurement uncertainty of the results been estimated. Given the complex functional relationship between input and output variables, which cannot always be explicitly expressed, one of the primary challenges is how to evaluate the measurement uncertainty of the results. The measurement uncertainty of the calibration grating step height on the AFM reference standard was evaluated using the Monte Carlo simulation method. The measurements within this study were conducted using a commercial, industrial atomic force microscope.
Computed tomography is a method that has been used for many years in medicine and material analysis, and recently it has also been introduced in dimensional measurements. The method has a lot of ...advantages compared to other 3D measurement methods, with the largest one being the possibility to perform a non-destructive measurement of an object’s inner geometry. However, it is a complex method with a large number of parameters that influence measurement results. Some of these parameters are image artefacts that occur in the scanning and reconstruction process. An artefact is any artificial feature which appears on the CT image, but does not correspond to the physical feature of an object. In order to achieve metrological traceability, it is necessary to eliminate and minimize the influence of image artefacts on measurement results. This paper presents and explains image artefacts in industrial computed tomography as the consequences of different influence parameters in the CT system.
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