Zemljepis, zgodovina in drugi domoznanski podatkih so tisto, kar je zbrano v Rutarjevi Zgodovini Tolminskega oz. tedanjih sodnih okrajih Tolmin, Bovec in Cerkno. Avtor je v uvodu zapisal, da je ...gradivo začel zbirati že v gimnazijskih letih in da je izdana knjiga pravzaprav že peta različica besedila, saj ga je nenehno dopolnjeval in predeloval.
Alkalosis enhances human exercise performance, and reduces K + loss in contracting rat muscle. We investigated alkalosis effects on K + regulation, ionic regulation and fatigue during intense ...exercise in nine untrained volunteers. Concentric finger flexions
were conducted at 75% peak work rate (â¼3 W) until fatigue, under alkalosis (Alk, NaHCO 3 , 0.3 g kg â1 ) and control (Con, CaCO 3 ) conditions, 1 month apart in a randomised, double-blind, crossover design. Deep antecubital venous (v) and radial arterial
(a) blood was drawn at rest, during exercise and recovery, to determine arterio-venous differences for electrolytes, fluid
shifts, acidâbase and gas exchange. Finger flexion exercise barely perturbed arterial plasma ions and acidâbase status, but
induced marked arterio-venous changes. Alk elevated HCO 3 â and P CO 2 , and lowered H + ( P < 0.05). Time to fatigue increased substantially during Alk (25 ± 8%, P < 0.05), whilst both K + a and K + v were reduced ( P < 0.01) and K + a-v during exercise tended to be greater ( P = 0.056, n = 8). Muscle K + efflux at fatigue was greater in Alk (21.2 ± 7.6 µmol min â1 , 32 ± 7%, P < 0.05, n = 6), but peak K + uptake rate was elevated during recovery (15 ± 7%, P < 0.05) suggesting increased muscle Na + ,K + -ATPase activity. Alk induced greater Na + a , Cl â v , muscle Cl â influx and muscle lactate concentration (Lac â ) efflux during exercise and recovery ( P < 0.05). The lower circulating K + and greater muscle K + uptake, Na + delivery and Cl â uptake with Alk, are all consistent with preservation of membrane excitability during exercise. This suggests that lesser
exercise-induced membrane depolarization may be an important mechanism underlying enhanced exercise performance with Alk.
Thus Alk was associated with improved regulation of K + , Na + , Cl â and Lac â .
The Stemformatics myeloid atlas is an integrated transcriptome atlas of human macrophages and dendritic cells that systematically compares freshly isolated tissue-resident, cultured, and pluripotent ...stem cell–derived myeloid cells. Three classes of tissue-resident macrophage were identified: Kupffer cells and microglia; monocyte-associated; and tumor-associated macrophages. Culture had a major impact on all primary cell phenotypes. Pluripotent stem cell–derived macrophages were characterized by atypical expression of collagen and a highly efferocytotic phenotype. Myeloid subsets, and phenotypes associated with derivation, were reproducible across experimental series including data projected from single-cell studies, demonstrating that the atlas provides a robust reference for myeloid phenotypes. Implementation in Stemformatics.org allows users to visualize patterns of sample grouping or gene expression for user-selected conditions and supports temporary upload of your own microarray or RNA sequencing samples, including single-cell data, to benchmark against the atlas.
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•A reference transcriptome atlas for human macrophage biology•Culture alters primary myeloid phenotypes•Pluripotent stem cell–derived macrophages retain a common stromal signature•FLT3L-derived cord blood DCs lack expression of key pattern recognition receptors
In this article, Wells and colleagues describe an integrated myeloid transcriptome atlas. Analysis resulted in tissue-resident populations being categorized into three broad classes, with culture also found to impact primary cell phenotypes. Pluripotent stem cell–derived cells were compared with their in vivo counterparts, differing in maturation, efferocytosis capacity, and ectopic expression of extracellular matrix genes.
Alkalosis enhances human exercise performance, and reduces K super(+) loss in contracting rat muscle. We investigated alkalosis effects on K super(+) regulation, ionic regulation and fatigue during ...intense exercise in nine untrained volunteers. Concentric finger flexions were conducted at 75% peak work rate ( similar to 3 W) until fatigue, under alkalosis (Alk, NaHCO sub(3), 0.3 g kg super(-1)) and control (Con, CaCO sub(3)) conditions, 1 month apart in a randomised, double-blind, crossover design. Deep antecubital venous (v) and radial arterial (a) blood was drawn at rest, during exercise and recovery, to determine arterio-venous differences for electrolytes, fluid shifts, acid-base and gas exchange. Finger flexion exercise barely perturbed arterial plasma ions and acid-base status, but induced marked arterio-venous changes. Alk elevated HCO sub(3) super(-) and P sub(CO2), and lowered H super(+) (P < 0.05). Time to fatigue increased substantially during Alk (25 plus or minus 8%, P < 0.05), whilst both K super(+) sub(a) and K super(+) sub(v) were reduced (P < 0.01) and K super(+) sub(a-v) during exercise tended to be greater (P= 0.056, n= 8). Muscle K super(+) efflux at fatigue was greater in Alk (21.2 plus or minus 7.6 mu mol min super(-1), 32 plus or minus 7%, P < 0.05, n= 6), but peak K super(+) uptake rate was elevated during recovery (15 plus or minus 7%, P < 0.05) suggesting increased muscle Na super(+),K super(+)-ATPase activity. Alk induced greater Na super(+) sub(a), Cl super(-) sub(v), muscle Cl super(-) influx and muscle lactate concentration (Lac super(-)) efflux during exercise and recovery (P < 0.05). The lower circulating K super(+) and greater muscle K super(+) uptake, Na super(+) delivery and Cl super(-) uptake with Alk, are all consistent with preservation of membrane excitability during exercise. This suggests that lesser exercise-induced membrane depolarization may be an important mechanism underlying enhanced exercise performance with Alk. Thus Alk was associated with improved regulation of K super(+), Na super(+), Cl super(-) and Lac super(-).
The exact mechanism of information transfer between different brain regions is still not known. The theory of binding tries to explain how different aspects of perception or motor action combine in ...the brain to form a unitary experience. The theory presumes that there is no specific center in the brain that would gather the information from all the other brain centers, governing senses, motion, etc., and then make the decision about the action. Instead, the centers bind together, when necessary, maybe through electromagnetic (EM) waves of specific frequency. Therefore, it is reasonable to assume that the information that is transferred between the brain centers is somehow coded in the electro-encephalographic (EEG) signals. The aim of this study was to explore whether it is possible to extract the information on brain activity from the EEG signals during visuomotor tracking task. In order to achieve the goal, artificial neural network (ANN) was used to predict the measured gripping-force from the EEG signal measurements and thus to show the correlation between EEG signals and motor activity. The ANN was first trained with raw EEG signals of all the measured electrodes as inputs and gripping-force as the output. However, the ANN could not be trained to perform the task successfully. If we presume that brain centers transmit and receive information through EM signals, as suggested by the binding theory, a simplified model of signal transmission in brain can be proposed. We propose a mathematical model of a human brain where the information between centers is transmitted as phase-modulated signal of certain carrier frequency. Demodulated signals were then used as the inputs for the ANN and the gripping-force signal was estimated on the output. The ANN could be trained to efficiently predict the gripping-force signal from the phase-demodulated EEG signals.
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