The objective of this study is to analyse the impact of perceived risk on intention to travel in the Covid-19 pandemic situation. Applying the Theory of Planned Behaviour, the study addresses the ...modulating effects of risk on the antecedents of intention; additionally, the resulting model includes the impact of this intention on the willingness to pay (WTP) more to benefit from additional safety measures at the destination. Furthermore, this paper addresses respondents belonging to an at-risk group for Covid-19 as a source of heterogeneity that may exert an effect on the results of the model. The model is tested using PLS-SEM, and the empirical results can contribute to the development of safety measures in tourism services and the design of effective actions to restore tourism.
Thirty years after the emergence of the term “sustainable tourism” and in view of the proliferation of literature on the subject, it seems appropriate to carry out a bibliographical review, based on ...empirical bibliometric data, in order to find out who the leading research pioneers are for this type of tourism, discover gaps in our understanding, and redefine the concept’s frontiers. This paper focuses specifically on sustainable tourism in sensitive areas, in a first attempt to provide understanding of the accumulated knowledge of the sub-theme by looking at research presented by impact publications. A total of 985 papers published on this topic on Web of Science were selected to this end, and after applying the H-Classics methodology, a content analysis of the forty papers with the greatest impact was carried out. This has led to the discovery of research trends, gaps in the analysis of polar and mountainous areas, and a lack of a core group of highly productive researchers in this area.
The rise in unemployment during the economic recession led to widespread support for active labour market policies (ALMP) from public and private institutions. Among these measures, Spain has ...developed the so‐called discounted flat rate for self‐employed workers, which consists of a series of reductions and subsidies applied to their social security contributions when they start their activity. The aim of this study is to evaluate this policy in the Autonomous Community of Andalusia (Spain), a region with an unemployment rate of over 20%, comparing the survival of a group of self‐employed workers who benefited from this subsidy with that of another group without the discounted flat rate. The results suggest the survival of the group with the subsidy surpasses that of the group without, although the positive effects of the measure disappear over the long term.
Resumen
El aumento del desempleo durante la recesión económica dio lugar a un apoyo generalizado de las instituciones públicas y privadas a las políticas activas del mercado laboral (PAML). Entre estas medidas, España ha desarrollado la llamada tarifa plana reducida para los trabajadores autónomos, que consiste en una serie de reducciones y subsidios aplicados a sus contribuciones a la seguridad social cuando inician su actividad. El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar esta política en la Comunidad Autónoma de Andalucía (España), una región con una tasa de desempleo superior al 20%, mediante la comparación de la supervivencia laboral de un grupo de trabajadores autónomos que se beneficiaron de esta subvención con la de otro grupo sin acceso a la tarifa plana reducida. Los resultados sugieren que la supervivencia laboral del grupo con el subsidio supera a la del grupo sin él, aunque los efectos positivos de la política desaparecen a largo plazo.
抄録
景気後退期における失業率の上昇により、公的機関および民間機関から積極的労働市場政策(active labour market policies:ALMP)が広く支持されるようになった。こうした政策の中でも、スペインは、自営業者の活動開始時に社会保障費を削減・補助するdiscounted flat rate(割引定額制)を導入している。本研究の目的は、失業率が20%以上の地域であるアンダルシア州(スペイン)において、この制度による補助を受けた自営業者グループの生存率と、この制度がない別のグループの生存率と比較してこの政策の評価を行うことである。結果から、補助金を受けたグループの生存率は、この制度のないグループのそれを上回ったことが示唆されるが、政策のプラスの効果は長期にわたって認められなかった。
In January 2021, the Secretary of the World Tourism Organisation pointed to the implementation of health certification as a way to revive tourism. The aim of the study presented here is to analyse ...whether the acceptance of the health passport as a measure to revive travel ultimately improves the general population's intention to travel. A questionnaire was distributed and answered by 717 potential tourists. The data was analysed using PLS-SEM through the SmartPLS software. The results indicated that passport acceptance and credibility in preventive measures restricting the arrival of international tourists have a negative impact on intention to travel. In addition, a favourable attitude to travel has a negative effect on the acceptance of restrictions. This analysis contributes to the knowledge on the reactivation of international travel through health certification.
Video games have become an everyday part of the lives of thousands of users. While playing video games is relatively common, enjoying video games through live streaming platforms is becoming ...increasingly popular, with users experiencing the game in a much more social and interactive way. However, recent academic research on the subject has focused on studying the two activities independently. To bridge this gap, the present study proposes a theoretical model that explores the connections between gaming and viewing. More specifically, this paper aims to examine whether the motivations for playing video games and expectations of positive outcomes—e.g., making new friends, professionalizing the hobby, or increasing competences and skills—lead to increased time spent playing and viewing, which may ultimately lead to potentially problematic uses. To validate the conceptual model, data were collected from 954 players and viewers and a partial least squares structural equation model was applied. The results suggest that positive expectations about the use of video games are directly related to time spent playing, but negatively related to time spent watching. Moreover, potential problematic uses are determined more by an increase in time spent playing than in time spent watching, with watching being treated as a complementary activity to gaming.
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•There is a direct influence of gaming time on viewing time and potential problematic use.•Perception of positive use of video games has a positive influence on potential problematic use and time spent gaming.•Results show a direct effect of the potential problematic use on aggressive behaviour on the platform.•Perception of positive use of video games leads to a reduction in video streaming platforms viewing time.•The potential problematic use has a stronger influence on aggressive behaviour in players under the age of 25.
A particularly striking new phenomenon in recent years is the live streaming of video games through popular platforms, such as Twitch. This study focuses on the motivations and types of use ...underlying viewer participation in live streaming platforms. Based on the uses and gratifications theory, this paper aims to analyse how three basic motivations are related to the use of video game streaming platforms. Furthermore, it examines the moderating effects that significant variables, such as the audience member's age, sex or self-perception of level as a player may exert on this relationship. The results reveal that the three types of motivations are positively associated with use of the platform, although notable differences appear, with informational motivations outweighing entertainment and social motivations. At the same time, no moderating effects on the results of the proposed model were found for the heterogeneity stemming from sex and age. Conversely, the influence of informational motivations on the use of these platforms is moderated by the self-perception of level as a player.
Agriculture is highly impacted by different sources of risk. There is a wide variety of management instruments that farmers can use to cover these risks. The objective of this article is to analyze ...the explanatory variables for the simultaneous adoption of a large set of risk management instruments. The main innovation is the methodological approach: first, we apply a hierarchical cluster analysis to identify the groups of instruments whose adoption is correlated; second, we use multivariate probit (MVP) models to analyze the influence of different factors on the simultaneous adoption of the instruments included in each cluster. The explanatory variables capture farmers' socio-demographic features, risk aversion and subjective perception of past risk experience; farms' technical-economic characteristics; and local-level climate change. The results reveal significant differences in the variables influencing the adoption of the risk management instruments. The findings can support farmers, risk management service providers, and policymakers.
Previous literature has highlighted the social media influencer’s (SMI’s) credibility as a crucial factor in explaining the persuasive power of recommendations. To date, however, there have been very ...few studies that have shed light on the role of the audience’s product involvement in mitigating risk and enhancing the authenticity of SMIs’ messages. The present analysis sought to fill this gap, checking whether the relationship between involvement (fashion consciousness), perceived risk, and perceived message authenticity among SMIs’ had an impact on the audience’s attitude and purchase intention. To do so, we present a new exploratory model using an extension of the theory of planned behavior, and we focus on fashion recommendations aimed at the centennial generation. The empirical analysis was carried out on a sample of 690 SMI followers, using partial least squares–structural equation modeling. The results confirmed that high levels of involvement with fashion products improved the perceived authenticity of the recommendations, increased the influence of the social group of belonging, and intensified the power of the recommendations. This paper contributes to the literature by studying a set of variables that have proved relevant to the analysis of influencer marketing. Moreover, as a novelty, the research provides knowledge on the presence of perceived risk and the influence of product involvement on younger consumers. Our results could help managers, marketers, and influencers in the fashion and textile industry. By identifying product involvement as a key construct, we confirmed that the different operators must work on product promotions that appeal to fashion values.
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