Clinical studies have shown that Medically Unexplained Symptoms (MUS) are related to common mental disorders. It is unknown how often common mental disorders occur in subjects who have explained ...physical symptoms (PHY), MUS or both, in the general population, what the incidence rates are, and whether there is a difference between PHY and MUS in this respect.
To study the prevalence and incidence rates of mood, anxiety and substance use disorders in groups with PHY, MUS and combined MUS and PHY compared to a no-symptoms reference group in the general population.
Data were derived from the Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study-2 (NEMESIS-2), a nationally representative face-to-face survey of the general population aged 18-64 years. We selected subjects with explained physical symptoms only (n=1952), with MUS only (n=177), with both MUS and PHY (n=209), and a reference group with no physical symptoms (n=4168). The assessment of common mental disorders was through the Composite International Diagnostic Interview 3.0. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to examine the association between group membership and the prevalence and first-incidence rates of comorbid mental disorders, adjusted for socio-demographic characteristics.
MUS were associated with the highest prevalence rates of mood and anxiety disorders, and combined MUS and PHY with the highest prevalence rates of substance disorder. Combined MUS and PHY were associated with a higher incidence rate of mood disorder only (OR 2.9 (95%CI:1.27,6.74)).
In the general population, PHY, MUS and the combination of both are related to mood and anxiety disorder, but odds are highest for combined MUS and PHY in relation to substance use disorder. Combined MUS and PHY are related to a greater incidence of mood disorder. These findings warrant further research into possibilities to improve recognition and early intervention in subjects with combined MUS and PHY.
Background:
Renewed interest has arisen in arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) repair techniques.
Hypothesis:
ACL repair with or without some form of internal bracing could lead to good ...outcomes in a carefully selected subset of patients.
Study Design:
Systematic review.
Methods:
An electronic database search was performed to identify 89 papers describing preclinical and clinical studies on the outcome of ACL repair.
Results:
Proximal ACL tear patterns showed a better healing potential with primary repair than distal or midsubstance tears. Some form of internal bracing increased the success rate of ACL repair. Improvement in the biological characteristics of the repair was obtained by bone marrow access by drilling tunnels or microfracture. Augmentation with platelet-rich plasma was beneficial only in combination with a structural scaffold. Skeletally immature patients had the best outcomes. Acute repair offered improved outcomes with regard to load, stiffness, laxity, and rerupture.
Conclusion:
ACL repair may be a viable option in young patients with acute, proximal ACL tears. The use of internal bracing, biological augmentation, and scaffold tissue may increase the success rate of repair.
Summary
Immune checkpoint blockade has resulted in durable responses in patients with metastatic melanoma, but only in a fraction of treated patients. For immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) to be ...effective, sufficient infiltration with tumor‐reactive T cells is essential. Oncolytic viruses (OV) selectively replicate in and lyse tumor cells and so induce an immunogenic form of cell death, providing at once a source of tumor‐associated (neo)antigens and of danger signals that together induce effective T cell immunity and tumor infiltration. Melanoma‐associated suppression of dendritic cell (DC) differentiation effectively hampers OV‐ or immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)‐induced anti‐tumor immunity, due to a consequent inability to prime and attract anti‐tumor effector T cells. Here, we set out to study the effect of ORCA‐010, a clinical stage oncolytic adenovirus, on DC differentiation and functionality in the context of human melanoma. In melanoma and monocyte co‐cultures, employing a panel of five melanoma cell lines with varying origins and oncogenic mutation status, we observed clear suppression of DC development with apparent skewing of monocyte differentiation to a more M2‐macrophage‐like state. We established the ability of ORCA‐010 to productively infect and lyse the melanoma cells. Moreover, although ORCA‐010 was unable to restore DC differentiation, it induced activation and an increased co‐stimulatory capacity of monocyte‐derived antigen‐presenting cells. Their subsequent ability to prime effector T cells with a type I cytokine profile was significantly increased in an allogeneic mixed leukocyte reaction. Our findings suggest that ORCA‐010 is a valuable immunotherapeutic agent for melanoma.
As a new class of sustainable carbon material, “carbon dots” is an umbrella term covering many types of materials. Herein, a broad range of techniques was used to develop the understanding of ...hydrothermally synthesized carbon dots, and it is shown how fine‐tuning the structural features by simple reduction/oxidation reactions can drastically affect their excited‐state properties. Structural and spectroscopic studies found that photoluminescence originates from direct excitation of localized fluorophores involving oxygen functional groups, whereas excitation at graphene‐like features leads to ultrafast phonon‐assisted relaxation and largely quenches the fluorescent quantum yields. This is arguably the first study to identify the dynamics of photoluminescence including Stokes shift and allow the relaxation pathways in these carbon dots to be fully resolved. This comprehensive investigation sheds light on how understanding the excited‐state relaxation processes in different carbon structures is crucial for tuning the optical properties for any potential commercial applications.
Dot products: The structural evolution of hydrothermally synthesized carbon dots after oxidation and reduction is studied, and it is demonstrated how fine‐tuning of the structure can dramatically change their optical properties. An in‐depth spectroscopic analysis identifies the dynamics of photoluminescence, and this allows the relaxation pathways in these carbon dots to be fully resolved.
Assessment of genomic DNA sequence variation and genotype calling in autotetraploids implies the ability to distinguish among five possible alternative allele copy number states. This study ...demonstrates the accuracy of genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) of a large collection of autotetraploid potato cultivars using next-generation sequencing. It is still costly to reach sufficient read depths on a genome wide scale, across the cultivated gene pool. Therefore, we enriched cultivar-specific DNA sequencing libraries using an in-solution hybridisation method (SureSelect). This complexity reduction allowed to confine our study to 807 target genes distributed across the genomes of 83 tetraploid cultivars and one reference (DM 1-3 511). Indexed sequencing libraries were paired-end sequenced in 7 pools of 12 samples using Illumina HiSeq2000. After filtering and processing the raw sequence data, 12.4 Gigabases of high-quality sequence data was obtained, which mapped to 2.1 Mb of the potato reference genome, with a median average read depth of 63× per cultivar. We detected 129,156 sequence variants and genotyped the allele copy number of each variant for every cultivar. In this cultivar panel a variant density of 1 SNP/24 bp in exons and 1 SNP/15 bp in introns was obtained. The average minor allele frequency (MAF) of a variant was 0.14. Potato germplasm displayed a large number of relatively rare variants and/or haplotypes, with 61% of the variants having a MAF below 0.05. A very high average nucleotide diversity (π = 0.0107) was observed. Nucleotide diversity varied among potato chromosomes. Several genes under selection were identified. Genotyping-by-sequencing results, with allele copy number estimates, were validated with a KASP genotyping assay. This validation showed that read depths of ∼60-80× can be used as a lower boundary for reliable assessment of allele copy number of sequence variants in autotetraploids. Genotypic data were associated with traits, and alleles strongly influencing maturity and flesh colour were identified.
The increased safety associated with all-solid-state batteries using inorganic ceramic electrolytes make it a promising technology, with potential to replace current commercial battery systems. The ...key challenges to realize this technology are the development of new solid electrolytes with high ionic conductivity and optimization of the ionic transport pathways across the multiple phases of the battery. In this study an optimal composition of the argyrodite i.e. Li6PS5Cl0.5Br0.5 is synthesized via the mechanical milling method. This material possesses a higher bulk ionic conductivity and reduced activation energy than the single halogen doped argyrodites i.e. Li6PS5X (X = Cl and Br), assessed by temperature-dependent impedance spectroscopy and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) relaxometry. A combined X-ray and neutron diffraction analysis reveals an influence of the composition and distribution of halogen atoms on the Li-ion conductivity. All-solid-state batteries fabricated using Li2S as cathode show a high reversible capacity of 820 mAh g−1 for up to 30 cycles. In addition, the Li-ion diffusion across the interface between the Li2S cathode and Li6PS5Cl0.5Br0.5 electrolyte is probed by exchange NMR spectroscopy. It reveals that Li-ion diffusion across this interface was the main factor limiting the performance of Li6PS5Cl0.5Br0.5 in the battery, despite its high bulk ionic conductivity.
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•Li6PS5Cl0.5Br0.5 shows an ionic conductivity of 3.6 mS cm−1 at room temperature.•The rate of the halogen occupancy on 4c site decreased with increased polarizability.•All-solid-state cells exhibited a capacity of 820 mAh g−1 up to 30 cycles at 0.02 C.•A higher interfacial conductivity is achieved between the Li6PS5Cl0.5Br0.5-Li2S.
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•A new fractional counting approach for constructing bibliometric networks is proposed.•The proposed fractional counting approach is compared with a traditional full counting ...approach.•In an analysis of university co-authorship networks and journal bibliographic coupling networks, the two approaches yield very different results.•For many purposes, the fractional counting approach is preferable over the full counting approach.
The analysis of bibliometric networks, such as co-authorship, bibliographic coupling, and co-citation networks, has received a considerable amount of attention. Much less attention has been paid to the construction of these networks. We point out that different approaches can be taken to construct a bibliometric network. Normally the full counting approach is used, but we propose an alternative fractional counting approach. The basic idea of the fractional counting approach is that each action, such as co-authoring or citing a publication, should have equal weight, regardless of for instance the number of authors, citations, or references of a publication. We present two empirical analyses in which the full and fractional counting approaches yield very different results. These analyses deal with co-authorship networks of universities and bibliographic coupling networks of journals. Based on theoretical considerations and on the empirical analyses, we conclude that for many purposes the fractional counting approach is preferable over the full counting one.
FFDG-PET/CT is used for staging and treatment planning in patients with locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC). We studied if a PET-based prediction model could provide additional risk ...stratification beyond International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) staging in our population with LACC to aid treatment decision making.
In total, 183 patients with LACC treated with chemoradiation between 2013 and 2018 were included. Patients were treated according to FIGO 2009 and retrospectively reclassified according to FIGO 2018 staging system. After validation of an existing PET-based prediction model, the predicted recurrent free survival (RFS), disease specific survival (DSS) and overall survival (OS) at 1, 3, and 5 years, based on metabolic tumor volume (MTV), maximum standardized uptake value (SUV
) and highest level of
FFDG-positive node was calculated. Then the observed survival was compared to the predicted survival. An area under the curve (AUC) close to or higher than 0.7 was considered adequate for accurate prediction. The Youden (J) index defined survival chance cutoff values for low and high risk groups.
All AUC values for the comparison between predicted and observed outcomes were > 0.7 except for 5-year RFS and for 5-year OS which were close to 0.7 (0.684 and 0.650 respectively). Cutoff values for low and high risk survival chance were 0.44 for the 3-year RFS and 0.47 for the 5-year OS. The FIGO 2009 system could not differentiate between the risk profiles. After reclassification according to FIGO 2018, all patients with stage IIIC2 and IVB fell in the high risk and almost all patients with stages IB2-IIIB and IVA in the low risk group. In patients with stage IIIC1 disease the FIGO stage cannot discriminate between the risk profiles.
Low and high risk patients with LACC can be identified with the PET-based prediction model. In particular patients with stage IIIC1 need additional risk stratification besides the FIGO 2018 staging. The Kidd model could be a useful tool to aid treatment decision making in these patients. Our results also support the choice of
FFDG-PET/CT imaging in patients with LACC.
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