When incompletely gasified coal particles impact the slag layer in an entrained slagging gasifier, a situation will arise where the particles will either get engulfed by the slag or re-entrained into ...the circulating gas. This will be determined by a balance of forces acting on the particle which in turn is governed by the slag and particle properties, and pertinent gasifier conditions, namely temperature, and particle impact velocity. In this paper a model is introduced that takes into account, the drag-, capillary-, and added mass-forces and predicts the behavior of spherical particles of different sizes and slags of different FeOx contents. The model predicts that particles either get completely submerged, settle at an incompletely separated position, or oscillate at the interface. A sensitivity analysis was performed showing that for a particle of certain size and impact velocity, submersion is most strongly promoted by a low slag viscosity (largely influenced by FeOx content) and contact angle (determined by whether or not-reactive wetting and liquid Fe formation occurs).
This paper studies two disclosure regimes when a firm with superior private information must rely on a strategic certifier to disclose credibly its prospects. In the ex ante (ex post) disclosure ...regime, the firm must decide on whether to hire the certifier before (after) observing the certifier׳s noisy assessment. Endogenously determined certification fees can actually cause the disclosure probability to decrease in disclosure precision. In the ex ante regime, favorable disclosures are more informative than unfavorable disclosures because of additional positive signaling effect. In the ex post (ex ante) regime, the certifier has incentives to increase (decrease) the disclosure precision.
The evolution of Al2O3-CaO inclusions on molten steel surfaces and at molten steel/slag interfaces was observed in-situ through a confocal scanning laser microscope (CSLM) equipped with a gold image ...furnace. Depending on the slag chemistry, some of the initially liquid inclusions evolved into irregular Al2O3 or SiO2-enriched inclusions during the separation across the interface. Inclusions were found to cluster at specific locations at the steel/slag interface. Unlike capillary depression-driven clustering, which is observed on molten steel surfaces, a weak repulsive force opposes fluid flow-driven clustering at the steel/slag interface. After clustering, the irregular solid inclusions were observed to agglomerate to form large aggregates.
In this research, the pilot plant of a hybrid microfiltration (MF) and electrodialysis (ED) system was designed, constructed and employed successfully to remove the color and contaminants of paper ...industry wastewater. Microfiltration module comprising of ceramic membrane was used at constant pressure as a pretreatment step for the ED pilot scale unit operation. The ED stack consisted of 11 cation-exchange and 10 anion-exchange membrane pairs. Tubular ceramic module was employed to pre-filter the wastewater at 60
°C and ambient temperature. Electrodialysis was successfully applied for the treatment of paper industry effluent for the first time with MF as a pretreatment step. The combined hybrid process at the applied potential of 50
V showed a low content of total dissolved solids (TDS) of 546
mg/L, conductivity of 0.61
mS/cm, and chemical oxygen demand (COD) of less than 20
mg/L. The hybrid MF/ED module used in this research gave a recovery and reuse of more than 90% of original wastewater. The proposed pilot plant was found to be more advantageous, since the ceramic membrane module used could withstand higher temperature of the discharged effluent and given the permeate that is free from the suspended particles of colloidal nature. It is also evident from the results that the hybrid process is more efficient than the single unit process.
The present paper is an investigation into how the Al2O3/SiO2 ratio in the compositions of mold slags influences the crystallization behavior of molten slags. The experimental work is based upon ...observing the crystallization events through a Confocal Scanning Laser Microscope equipped with a hot‐stage. The study is motivated by the variation in crystallization that might occur in mold slags due to the pickup of alumina during continuous casting of high Al containing TRIP steels. The crystallization temperature was found to increase with increasing Al2O3/SiO2 ratio, and the crystal morphology was dependent upon the chemical composition and isothermal temperature. The crystallization path was complex, with CaF2 found to precipitate first, and followed by a second precipitation event. In this second event, the precipitated phase depended on the chemical composition of mold slag and changed from cuspidine to gehlenite as the mass ratio of Al2O3/SiO2 was increased beyond 0.65, and finally Al2O3 was observed when the alumina content was 30wt.% (corresponding to a mass ratio of ${\rm m}_{{\rm Al}_{{\rm 2}} {\rm O}_{{\rm 3}} } {\rm /m}_{{\rm SiO}_{{\rm 2}} } $ = 1.42).
Digital Clubbing and Lung Cancer Sridhar, Kasi S.; Lobo, Christopher F.; Altman, Roy D.
Chest,
12/1998, Letnik:
114, Številka:
6
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
To determine the relative frequency of clubbing in small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) versus non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC).
Examine patients with lung cancer for digital clubbing and relate the ...findings to the histopathologic subtype of lung cancer.
Cancer center at a tertiary teaching hospital.
One hundred and eleven consecutive patients with a pathological diagnosis of lung cancer examined by one physician (KSS).
None.
Clubbing was present in 32 (29%) of the 111 patients with lung cancer. Clubbing was more common in women (40%) than in men (19%; χ2 test p = 0.011), and was more common in patients with NSCLC (35%) than those with SCLC (4%; χ2 test p = 0.0036).
In a prospective study, digital clubbing was less frequently observed in men than women and in patients with SCLC than NSCLC. These clinical observations may assist in the initial evaluation of patients for planning workup and therapy.
Intensive Care Unit (ICU) readmissions during the same hospitalization are associated with increased hospital stays, morbidity and mortality. Whereas mortality rates in patients admitted to the ICU ...for the first time may range from 10 to 20% depending on various factors, readmission mortality rates can be up to 50 to 70%. Factors leading to readmission in ICU in Indian Armed Forces Hospitals have not been well studied till date.
This was a record based cross sectional descriptive study conducted at the ICU of a tertiary care Armed Forces hospital. Demographic and clinical data of ICU patients were analysed. ICU admission and discharge data for the duration of last three years were acquired from admission and discharge registers and Hospital Informatics system (HIS) software. The primary outcome was readmission rates to ICU during the same hospitalization. Secondary outcomes included diagnosis at time of index admission (first time admission) to ICU and at readmission, multiple readmissions to ICU and mortality rates in readmitted patients.
There were 3021 admissions to the ICU during the study period. 422 patients succumbed to illness during initial admission resulting in a mortality rate of 14%. 198 patients were readmitted to the ICU. The readmission rate to the ICU was 7.8%. The mortality rate in readmitted patients was 31% as compared to the ICU mortality rate of 14%. The triggering factors for readmission were usually respiratory or cardiac decompensations.
Readmission to ICU occurred in about 7.8 % of all ICU patients in our study. ICU readmissions increase the risk of adverse outcomes. Objective measures in the form of a discharge protocol incorporating the stability and work index for transfer (SWIFT Score) may help minimizing readmission to ICU. Such protocols must be in place while shifting any patients from ICU so as to improve outcomes in patients of tertiary care hospitals.
Schiff bases and phenyl hydrazone of isatins were prepared by reacting isatin and the appropriate aromatic primary amine/hydrazines. A new series of the corresponding N-mannich bases were synthesized ...by reacting them with formaldehyde and diphenylamine. The chemical structures were confirmed by means of their 1H-NMR, IR spectral data and elemental analysis. The compounds were screened for analgesic, antiinflammatory and antipyretic activity. 1-Diphenylaminomethyl-3-(1-naphthylimino)-1,3-dihydroindol-3-one (4), 3-(1-naphthylimino)-5-bromo-1,3-dihydroindol-2-one (2) and 1-diphenylaminomethyl-3-(4-methylphenylimino)-1,3-dihydroindol-3-one (7) were found to exhibit the highest analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activity respectively. 1-Diphenylaminomethyl-3-(4-methylphenylimino)-1,3-dihydroindol-3-one (7) was found to be the most active compound of the series.
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