Metabolic pathways provide key information for achieving a better understanding of life and all its processes; this is useful information for the improvement of medicine, agronomy, pharmacy, and ...other similar areas. The main analysis tool used to study these pathways is based on pathway comparison, using graph data structures. Metabolic pathway comparison has been defined as a computationally complex task. In a previous work, two new algorithms were introduced to treat the problem of metabolic pathway pairwise comparison. Here we provide an extended analysis with more data and a deeper analysis of metabolic pathway comparison as listed in the discussion and results section.
The spectrum of pulmonary parenchymal and vascular pathologies related to the COVID-19 have emerged. There is evidence of a specific susceptibility related to thrombotic microangiopathy in situ and a ...complex immune-inflammatory cascade, especially in the pulmonary vascular bed. The potential to lead to transient or self-correcting sequelae of pulmonary vascular injury will only become apparent with longer-term follow-up. In this review, we aimed to present the findings in a group of patients with severe pneumonia due to covid-19 complicated by acute pe documented by chest angiography, who during a follow-up of more than 3 months with oral anticoagulant met clinical, hemodynamic, and imaging criteria of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. We present a brief review of the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical findings, comorbidities, treatment, and imaging findings of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension as a sequel of severe post-covid-19 pneumonia; and compared and discussed these findings with similar reports from the medical literature.
The study of the feeding habits variability (spatial and temporal scales) allows us to evaluate the trophic interactions between species, thus, the short and long-term effects of the removal of ...different species by the presence of different phenomena. In this study, we carried out stable isotope (delta.sup.13C and delta.sup.15N) and stomach content analyses to infer the trophic linkages between two snapper species (Lutjanus synagris and Lutjanus griseus) captured in the littoral of Campeche, Mexico. In total, 781 specimens were collected (528 L. synagris and 253 L. griseus) and based on relative importance index %PSIRI both snapper species consumed based on the prey-specific index of relative importance (PSIRI), Penaeidae family (PSIRI = 23.41%) was the most important species in the diet of Lutjanus synagris, while Callinectes sapidus (PSIRI = 21.45%) was the primary prey of Lutjanus griseus. The isotopic analyses indicated that both snapper species feed in the coastal-marine (delta.sup.15N: 10.6 to 12.1per thousand and delta.sup.13C: -15.7 to -12.7per thousand); however, according to PERMANOVA, low diet similarity was found between snapper species (R = 0.07, P < 0.01), also, significant differences was detected in the delta.sup.15N and delta.sup.13C values between L. synagris, and L. griseus. Therefore, despite both snapper species presents similar trophic positions (L. synagris: 4.2 + or - 0.2; L. griseus: 3.9 + or - 0.1) and feeding behavior (according to SIBER = opportunistic predators), a low trophic overlap was observed, probably associated with the differential use of habitat in the coastal zone; where L. synagris is ecologically fed in areas of seagrass, while L. griseus is probably intermittent between pasture and mangrove areas, therefore, the role of each species is crucial in the dynamics of coastal-marine ecosystems as predators and potential structuring of the populations of their prey.
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is defined as an increase in mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) ≥20 mm Hg at rest as assessed by right cardiac catheterization. It has a median survival nowadays of 6 ...years, compared to 2.8 years in the 1980s. A pulmonary artery aneurysm (PAA) is the focal dilation of a blood vessel involving all 3 layers of the vessel wall; they have a diameter greater than 4 cm measured in the trunk of the pulmonary artery. PAAs can be classified into proximal (or central) and peripheral. The clinical manifestations of PAA are primarily nonspecific, and most patients remain undiagnosed, even those with large PAA, due to its silent course; however, clinical manifestations occur unless when there are complications such as bronchial or tracheal compression (leading to cough and dyspnea), dissection, or rupture (leading to hemoptysis). PAH is observed in 66% of patients with PAA. PA dissections are usually associated with PAH; 80% of dissections occur in the main pulmonary trunk. Although there is no clear guideline for the best treatment of PAA, surgery is indicated in patients with a pulmonary trunk aneurysm >5.5 cm. It has been observed that patients in the PAH group associated with congenital heart disease tend to develop PAA more commonly. Those with PAH associated with connective tissue disease have a smaller diameter of PA dilation. This report presents a comprehensive review of PAA, discussing critical aspects of the clinical and imaging diagnosis, hemodynamics, and treatment. A comprehensive updated literature review is included; we believe this article will interest cardiopulmonologists.
Using data from analyses of stomach contents and stable isotopes, we examined high-resolution variations in the feeding habits and trophic position of Dolphinfish Coryphaena hippurus during ...2005–2007. In total, 418 specimens were collected off the southern Baja California peninsula, Mexico. Based on analysis of stomach contents (% index of relative importance %IRI), Dolphinfish consumed mainly epipelagic prey, with the red crab Pleuroncodes planipes as the most abundant prey species. The diet was highly similar between sexes but differed between size-classes: Dolphinfish smaller than 65 cm FL fed mainly on Pacific Sardine Sardinops sagax caeruleus (%IRI = 30), whereas those larger than 110 cm FL fed mainly on jumbo squid Dosidicus gigas (%IRI = 45) in addition to red crabs. Dietary differences between the smallest and largest specimens were mainly related to changes in morphology and spatial stratification by size (i.e., to avoid cannibalism). Trophic positions estimated by both methods indicated that the Dolphinfish is a secondary to tertiary carnivore with a high degree of trophic plasticity, and thus it plays different trophic roles within the area. Elevated variability in δ ¹⁵N and Shannon–Wiener diversity index values on an annual scale revealed that Dolphinfish are opportunistic predators. Interannual diet variation related to the availability and abundance of prey species can be explained by changes in environmental conditions due to climate anomalies associated with El Niño–Southern Oscillation events. We highlight that the Dolphinfish is a good indicator of changes occurring in the food web structure of pelagic ecosystems. The observed variations in feeding habits and trophic position are critical to understanding the ecology and role of Dolphinfish in marine ecosystems by providing knowledge on feeding locations, seasonal prey utilization, and prey availability and allowing predictions of possible ecological responses to environmental change.
In spite of the efforts of the international community to solve the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK) nuclear crisis, this issue remains unsolved. The relevance of this matter lies in the ...need to find a permanent solution to the crisis that leads to a total denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula. Therefore, the aim of this article is to demonstrate the need of a peaceful solution to the DPRK nuclear issue in which the security concerns of North Korea are addressed by signing a peace treaty with Pyongyang that ensures that the United States will not attack the regime, will remove its troops from South Korea and will finish its military drills with this ally. This article will discuss what elements will be necessary to achieve a peaceful solution to this nuclear conundrum.
Soil moisture plays a key role in controlling land-atmosphere interactions, with implications for water resources, agriculture, climate, and ecosystem dynamics. Although soil moisture varies strongly ...across the landscape, current monitoring capabilities are limited to coarse-scale satellite retrievals and a few regional in-situ networks. Here, we introduce SMAP-HydroBlocks (SMAP-HB), a high-resolution satellite-based surface soil moisture dataset at an unprecedented 30-m resolution (2015-2019) across the conterminous United States. SMAP-HB was produced by using a scalable cluster-based merging scheme that combines high-resolution land surface modeling, radiative transfer modeling, machine learning, SMAP satellite microwave data, and in-situ observations. We evaluated the resulting dataset over 1,192 observational sites. SMAP-HB performed substantially better than the current state-of-the-art SMAP products, showing a median temporal correlation of 0.73 ± 0.13 and a median Kling-Gupta Efficiency of 0.52 ± 0.20. The largest benefit of SMAP-HB is, however, the high spatial detail and improved representation of the soil moisture spatial variability and spatial accuracy with respect to SMAP products. The SMAP-HB dataset is available via zenodo and at https://waterai.earth/smaphb .
Metabolic reprogramming is considered one of the hallmarks in cancer and is characterized by increased glycolysis and lactate production, even in the presence of oxygen, which leads the cancer cells ...to a process called "aerobic glycolysis" or "Warburg effect". The E6 and E7 oncoproteins of human papillomavirus 16 (HPV 16) favor the Warburg effect through their interaction with a molecule that regulates cellular metabolism, such as p53, retinoblastoma protein (pRb), c-Myc, and hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α). Besides, the impact of the E6 and E7 variants of HPV 16 on metabolic reprogramming through proteins such as HIF-1α may be related to their oncogenicity by favoring cellular metabolism modifications to satisfy the energy demands necessary for viral persistence and cancer development. This review will discuss the role of HPV 16 E6 and E7 variants in metabolic reprogramming and their contribution to developing and preserving the malignant phenotype of cancers associated with HPV 16 infection.
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has already caused 6 million deaths worldwide. While asymptomatic individuals are responsible of many potential transmissions, the ...difficulty to identify and isolate them at the high peak of infection constitutes still a real challenge. Moreover, SARS-CoV-2 provokes severe vascular damage and thromboembolic events in critical COVID-19 patients, deriving in many related deaths and long-hauler symptoms. Understanding how these processes are triggered as well as the potential long-term sequelae, even in asymptomatic individuals, becomes essential.
We have evaluated, by application of a proteomics-based quantitative approach, the effect of serum from COVID-19 asymptomatic individuals over circulating angiogenic cells (CACs). Healthy CACs were incubated ex-vivo with the serum of either COVID-19 negative (PCR -/IgG -, n:8) or COVID-19 positive asymptomatic donors, at different infective stages: PCR +/IgG - (n:8) and PCR -/IgG + (n:8). Also, a label free quantitative approach was applied to identify and quantify protein differences between these serums. Finally, machine learning algorithms were applied to validate the differential protein patterns in CACs.
Our results confirmed that SARS-CoV-2 promotes changes at the protein level in the serum of infected asymptomatic individuals, mainly correlated with altered coagulation and inflammatory processes (Fibrinogen, Von Willebrand Factor, Thrombospondin-1). At the cellular level, proteins like ICAM-1, TLR2 or Ezrin/Radixin were only up-regulated in CACs treated with the serum of asymptomatic patients at the highest peak of infection (PCR + /IgG -), but not with the serum of PCR -/IgG + individuals. Several proteins stood out as significantly discriminating markers in CACs in response to PCR or IgG + serums. Many of these proteins particiArticle title: Kindly check and confirm the edit made in the article title.pate in the initial endothelial response against the virus.
The ex vivo incubation of CACs with the serum of asymptomatic COVID-19 donors at different stages of infection promoted protein changes representative of the endothelial dysfunction and inflammatory response after viral infection, together with activation of the coagulation process. The current approach constitutes an optimal model to study the response of vascular cells to SARS-CoV-2 infection, and an alternative platform to test potential inhibitors targeting either the virus entry pathway or the immune responses following SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Cervical cancer (CC) is the fourth leading cause of death from neoplasms in women and is caused by the human papilloma virus (HPV). Several methods have been developed for the screening of cervical ...lesions and HPV; however, some socio-cultural factors prevent women from undergoing gynecological inspection, which results in a higher risk of mortality from cervical cancer in certain population groups as indigenous communities. This study aimed to compare the concordance in HPV detection from urine and cervical samples, to propose an alternative to cervical scraping, which is commonly used in the cervical cancer screening.
The DNA from cervical scrapings and urine samples was extracted using the proteinase K method followed by precipitation with alcohol, phenol andchloroform; a modification of the proteinase K method was developed in the management of urine sediment. Viral genotyping was performed using INNOLipa.
The study population consisted of 108 patients from an indigenous population at southern Mexico, 32 without squamous intraepithelial lesions (NSIL) and 76 with low squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL). The majority of NSIL cervical scrapes were negative for HPV (90.63%), whereas more than half of LSIL cases were high-risk HPV positive (51.32%), followed by multiple infection by HR-HPV (17.11%), and multiple infection by LR- and HR-HPV (9.21%). No statistically significant relationship between the cytological diagnosis and the HPV genotypes detected in the urine samples was observed. A concordance of 68.27% for HPV positivity from urine and cervical samples was observed. Similarly, a concordance of 64.52% was observed in the grouping of HPVs by oncogenic risk. HR-HPV was detected in 71% of the urine samples from women with LSIL diagnosis, which suggests that HR-HPV detected in a urine sample could indicate the presence or risk of developing SIL.
HR-HPV detection in urine samples could be an initial approach for women at risk of developing LSIL and who, for cultural reasons, refuse to undergo a gynecological inspection.
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