Background: The recent outburst of nonfluoride remineralizing agents suggests that it may serve as alternative and as an adjunct for fluoride in preventing, arresting, or even reversing dental ...caries. Aim: This study aims to assess the caries prevention potential of a variety of nonfluoride agents in children, with an efficient and extended literature database search. Materials and Methods: Electronic (MEDLINE, PubMed, and The Cochrane Library) and manual searches were conducted for relevant studies published till March 2020. Randomized control trials (RCTs) that investigated the effect of nonfluoride remineralizing agents such as casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP), ACP, arginine, probiotic, xylitol, chlorhexidine, and nanoparticles in remineralization and prevention of dental caries were assessed. Results: Twelve studies met the criteria. There were 2653 patients in the test group and 2596 in the control group. Participants using nonfluoride agents were more likely to experience a reduction in dental caries compared to control (standardized mean difference {SMD} −0.55 −1.06, 0.04, 95% confidence interval CI, I2 = 98%), but there was substantial heterogeneity (98%) across studies. Moreover, an overall statistically insignificant benefit of Non-fluoride agent was detected (SMD −0.55 −1.06, 0.04, 95% CI, I2 = 98% P < 0.00001). Conclusion: High-quality RCTs on the preventive effect of nonfluoride agents in children are still important to make a conclusive recommendation.
To the Editor,
Bullous pemphigoid is a chronic autoimmune disease where subepidermal blistering is seen. It is a rare disease with an incidence of 10 cases per million population in a year. It is a ...self- limiting disease and rarely involves the mucous membrane. IgG autoantibodies are produced against the hemidesmosomal glycoproteins - called bullous pemphigoid antigen 1 (BP230) and bullous pemphigoid antigen 2 (BP180)1. Bullous pemphigoid rarely involves the oral mucosa as skin is the most commonly affected2. We present a rare scenario in this case report where a young female presented with bullous pemphigoid of the oral mucosa.
Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) is a
rare inherited disorder affecting dental and skeletal tissues. CCD usually has
an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance and common clinical features seen
are ...aplastic or hypoplastic clavicles, late closure of fontanelle, open skull
sutures, retained deciduous teeth, late eruption of permanent teeth and
presence of multiple impacted supernumerary teeth. Here, we present a case of
CCD in a female patient with positive family history. The diagnosis was
confirmed clinically and radiographically. The newer radiographic advancement,
CBCT was used to validate the radiographic findings.
Craniofacial microsomia or hemifacial microsomia (HFM) is a unique congenital facial deformity causing underdevelopment of the structures derived from first and second pharyngeal arches. The maxilla, ...mandible, temporomandibular joint, ear, trigeminal and facial nerves are commonly affected. This article presents a case of HFM in a 17-year-old male who was reported with unilateral facial hypoplasia. The diagnosis was confirmed with routine and advanced radiological investigations. Cone beam computed tomography with 3D reconstruction played an important role in determining the diagnosis of HFM. Keywords: Hemifacial microsomia, cone beam computed tomography, condylar hypoplasia
Objective: The objective of the present study was to record the prevalence of incidental maxillary sinus pathologies in patients using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans performed for ...maxillofacial diagnostic purposes. Methods: This study was carried out retrospectively on CBCT records from January 2017 to July 2019. Pathologic findings were categorized as mucosal thickening, opacification, polypoidal mucosal thickening, others (such as antrolith, septa, or discontinuity of the sinus floor), and no pathologic findings. The incidence of maxillary sinus changes and their correlation with age and gender was analyzed. Results: A total of 683 scans were identified out of which 252 cases met the inclusion criteria. Pathologies were similar across age groups with a slight male predilection. The incidence of maxillary sinus pathologies overall was 68.2%. Both sinuses showed changes in 39% cases, and 29% cases had unilateral findings while 32% cases had no sinus abnormalities. Mucosal thickening, opacification, and polyps were higher in males on both left and right sides. Females showed an increase in incidence in other findings such as antroliths, septa, and discontinuity of the sinus floor more on the right side. The results were not statistically significant. Conclusion: Incidental maxillary sinus abnormalities are highly prevalent in asymptomatic dental patients. Oral radiologists should be aware of these incidental findings and comprehensively evaluate the entire captured CBCT volume, which can help in early diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of the patient. Keywords: Maxillary sinus, cone beam computed tomography, pathology
Aims: Vitamin D is an indispensable vitamin which is actively engaged in immune upregulation. Several studies have been conducted to explore the association between vitamin D and oral lichen planus ...(OLP), but the results are still inconclusive. This meta-analysis was performed to understand the association of serum vitamin D levels in OLP. Methods: A search was conducted for observational studies that inspected the association between vitamin D and OLP from inception to June 2020 on scientific databases in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to assess the quality of the studies. Statistical analysis of the meta-analysis was performed with Review Manager version 5.4. Results: Five case-control studies met the selection criteria. The number of OLP cases ranged from 18 to 102. Finally, 3 case-control studies were eligible for random-effects meta analyses of the mean difference in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations between OLP cases and controls using inverse-variance method. The pooled mean difference in random-effects meta-analysis was 5.98 and this difefrence did not reach statistical significance. Conclusions: The current meta-analysis showed numerically lower vitamin D level in patients with OLP, which was statistically non-significant. Keywords: Vitamin D, oral lichen planus, calcitriol, 25(OH)D, autoimmune disease
Endosulfan remains as a lipophilic insecticide that causes serious medical problems because of biological stability and toxicity also found in air, water, soil sediments, and foodstuffs. ...Henceforward, the present study reveals a novel bacterial species isolated from pesticide-contaminated soil for enhanced endosulfan degradation. Next, isolated bacterial species was characterized with biochemical assays and
16S rRNA
sequencing technique. Subsequently, the optimal conditions for endosulfan biodegradation such as pH, concentration of endosulfan, and bacterial growth were estimated with non-sulfur medium (NSM). Sequentially, the amount of endosulfan and compound degradation were analyzed through thin-layer chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Overall, the obtained results revealed the endosulfan acting as primary carbon source for bacterial growth. From the GC-MS analysis, the metabolic products released during endosulfan degradation by
Pseudomonas
sp. MSCAS BT01 were compared with standard GC-MS spectra. The highest (98%) endosulfan degradation was obtained at pH 7.0. The complete endosulfan degradation was achieved at 14th day of incubation and the less toxic endosulfan diol produced was observed via GC-MS. To conclude, the pesticide-contaminated isolate
Pseudomonas
sp
.
MSCAS BT01 emerged as a promising bioremediation tool and effectively employed to degrade endosulfan from contaminated soils, sediments, and wastewaters in the days yet to come.
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