The mitochondrial uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) acts as an anion transporter and as an antioxidant factor able to reduce the reactive oxygen species level. Based on its effects, UCP2 prevents the ...membrane lipids, proteins, and DNA damage while preserving normal cellular functions. Many variants have been identified within the human
. Some of them were associated with a higher risk of obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases in different populations.
appears a suitable candidate also for the risk of ischemic stroke. In the current study, we investigated the possible association between few variants of
(rs659366, rs660339, rs1554995310) and the risk of ischemic stroke in a genetically homogenous cohort of cases and controls selected in Sardinia Island. This population has been previously analysed for other candidate genes. A total of 250 cases of ischemic stroke and 241 controls were enrolled in the study. The allelic/genotypic distribution of the 3
variants was characterized and compared among cases and controls. The results of our study confirmed known risk factors for ischemic stroke: age, history of smoking, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and atrial fibrillation. No association was found between the 3
variants and the risk of ischemic stroke in our Sardinian cohort.
In this paper we will analyze some fundamental issues to undertake the edition and translation into Spanish of the Renaissance treatise Gli Asolani by Pietro Bembo, according to a gender perspective. ...We will consider the history of the different redactions of this Renaissance work and the influence that the author's biography had on its development. We will also review the only existing Spanish translation of Gli Asolani and take into account the main contributions that have so far revealed the role played by female figures in the treatise, analyzing the most significant fragments of the text.
En este trabajo analizaremos algunos de los puntos que se consideran fundamentales para emprender la edición y traducción al español del tratado Gli Asolani de Pietro Bembo desde una perspectiva de género. Nos detendremos sobre la historia de las distintas redacciones de esta obra renacentista y sobre la influencia que ejerció la biografía del autor en su desarrollo. También se examinará la única traducción al castellano existente de Gli Asolani y las principales aportaciones que han puesto de manifiesto hasta el momento el papel desempeñado por las figuras femeninas en el tratado a través del análisis de los fragmentos más significativos del texto.
Resumen: En este trabajo analizaremos algunos de los puntos que se consideran fundamentales para emprender la edición y traducción al español del tratado Gli Asolani de Pietro Bembo desde una ...perspectiva de género. Nos detendremos sobre la historia de las distintas redacciones de esta obra renacentista y sobre la influencia que ejerció la biografía del autor en su desarrollo. También se examinará la única traducción al castellano existente de Gli Asolani y las principales aportaciones que han puesto de manifiesto hasta el momento el papel desempeñado por las figuras femeninas en el tratado a través del análisis de los fragmentos más significativos del texto.
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease of the central nervous system affecting young adults and thus representing a major burden also for their families and communities. The etiology of MS is ...obscure and its pathogenesis is yet incompletely depicted. Increased evidences indicate a strong genetic contribution to MS susceptibility, although others support the view that it is also influenced by environmental factors, possibly related to still unidentified pathogens. MS appears to be more heterogeneous than previously believed at the immunological level, and new pathological studies indicate a series of subset of conditions under the common denominator MS. The use of genetically homogeneous and geographically isolated populations at high MS risk, such as that of Sardinia, insular Italy, becomes in principle a vital requirement to reduce biological variables and the intrinsic complexity of the disease.
This review will focus on recent findings on the peculiarity of Sardinian MS concerning epidemiological, genetic, and environmental aspects. Epidemiological studies reveal a clear heterogeneous distribution of MS cases in the Northern province of Sassari which may not be uniquely assigned to genetic variations. Furthermore, a different immunogenetic profile, including the association with other immunomediated diseases, and a progressive change in clinical phenotype, including age at onset, are present in this island which gives us unexpected variations at the level of patients' cohort and territorial distribution, especially when the northern province is compared to the southern one. This renders MS etiopathogenesis more complex than formerly thought even in this selected and genetically stable population.
The "hygiene hypothesis" describes a hypothetical scenario in which the balance between TH1 (defending host against bacterial and viral infections) and TH2 (defending against parasitic infections) ...immune responses is pivotal and in which the consequence of reducing the infectious stressors during infancy is increased autoimmunity (TH1-mediated) and allergy (TH2-mediated). Many epidemiological observations confirm that allergic and autoimmune diseases are significantly increased in the "developed" countries and negatively associated with childhood infections. However, it has been recently revealed that immune elements associated with allergy are extensively involved also in the pathogenesis of autoimmune demyelination and that TH2- and TH1-mediated infections ameliorate the course of the disease confirming that the allergic root is also responsible for the escalation of autoimmune disorders, and both have a common immunological denominator. In the Italian island of Sardinia, MS and type-I diabetes frequencies have sharply increased in the last decades compared to other populations living in the same Mediterranean area. Initial observation led us to believe that environmental changes favoured the MS risk rise, thus sustaining the hygiene hypothesis. However, data on MS prevalence distribution in this territory suggest that other mechanisms than environment have also to be taken into great account. Our recent epidemiological studies reveal significant differences in the MS prevalence between rural and urban areas within the same province of Sassari but, contrarily to what expected from the hygiene hypothesis, MS prevalence is significantly higher in rural, genetically "archaic", areas where the westernalization process has been less pronounced. On this basis we believe that, beside hygiene-related factors, genetics could represent a more relevant determinant of Sardinian high susceptibility to MS.
Several nuclear hormone receptors have been associated with inflammatory reactions. Particularly, liver X receptors (LXRs) have recently been identified as key transcriptional regulators of genes ...involved in lipid homeostasis and inflammation. LXRs are negative regulators of macrophage inflammatory gene expression. Multiple sclerosis (MS), a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system of unknown cause, is characterized by recurrent inflammation involving macrophages and their inflammatory mediators. Sweden belongs to the countries with a high MS incidence. In Italy, the MS incidence is lower, except on the island of Sardinia where the incidence is even higher than in Sweden. Subjects from Sardinia are ethnically more homogeneous, and differ from Swedes also regarding genetic background and environment. We studied mRNA expression of several nuclear hormone receptors in blood mononuclear cells (MNC) from female patients with untreated relapsing-remitting MS from Sassari, Sardinia, and Stockholm, Sweden. Sex- and age-matched healthy controls (HC) were from both areas. mRNA expression was evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR. We found altered mRNA expression of LXRs, estrogen receptors (ERs), and androgen receptor (AR) in MS. mRNA expression of both LXRα and LXRβ is lower in MS from Stockholm but not from Sassari. In particular, LXRα mRNA expression was significantly lower in MS from Stockholm as compared with all groups in the study including MS from Sassari. Low levels of ERα mRNA are seen in MS from both Stockholm and Sassari. The splice variant ERβcx showed significantly higher mRNA expression in MS from Sassari and Stockholm as compared with corresponding HC. In particular, ERβcx mRNA in MS from Sassari was remarkably higher as compared with all other groups in the study. Higher levels of AR mRNA are present in HC from Sassari. The findings indicate that the expression levels of anti-inflammatory nuclear receptor superfamily genes in MS appear to reflect both ethnic and environmental influences.
Dabigatran is one of the nonvitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants. Thrombolytic treatment with intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator is contraindicated in patients taking a DOAC. ...Idarucizumab was recently approved for dabigatran-activity reversing in severe bleeding, emergency surgery, or urgent procedures, but many attempts have been made to use idarucizumab in patients presenting with acute ischemic stroke in order to be eligible for thrombolysis.
Our patient was an 89-year-old woman with severe aphasia who was treated with dabigatran for nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. She received an infusion of idarucizumab followed by thrombolytic therapy, with complete remission of symptoms after 24 hours.
Idarucizumab is a safe option for patients with acute ischemic stroke treated with dabigatran; otherwise eligibles for thrombolysis, even in very old people like our patient.
Despite the many advances in diagnostic technologies and imaging modalities in recent years, otoscopy remains the first diagnostic option in the diagnosis of otologic disease. This is an ...easy-to-consult book for residents and specialists, featuring brilliant diagnostic images from the newest generation of endoscopic otoscopes. Written by a renowned team of experts with 30 years of experience, this book helps readers obtain proficiency in otoscopy and in the interpretation of findings. Readers will learn what clinical consequences the diagnoses may have through case examples and treatment suggestions. Key Features: * Richly illustrated with over 1000 mostly full-color photographs and many radiological studies * Shows a vast range of common and rare pathologies that can be visualized and assessed via endo-otoscopy * Juxtaposes, when appropriate, the clinical picture, radiological diagnosis, and intraoperative findings with the endo-otoscopic findings of the patient * In each chapter, a surgical summary lists various approaches that may be used to optimally plan treatment of the patient * A special final chapter covers the assessment of postsurgical findings as seen in otoscopy, so as to distinguish between normal healing and changes that may require further intervention Color Atlas of Endo-Otoscopy, produced with the support of Mario Sanna Foundation, is certain to become a valuable tool for all physicians involved in the care of patients with ear ailments.
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