Phosphorus (P) limitation in soil is a major concern for crop productivity. However, the use of chemical fertilizer is hazardous to the environment and costly. Therefore, the use of ...phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) is an eco-friendly approach for a sustainable agricultural system. In the present study, a field trial was conducted for two consecutive years to study the effects of three PSB strains isolated, Bacillus licheniformis, Pantoea dispersa, and Staphylococcus sp., with different P fertilizer rates on P uptake, P use efficiency (PUE), and grain yield of rice. The activities of soil enzymes were also studied in relation to PSB treatments. Comparative analysis of the yield and biochemical parameters revealed that inoculation of PSB consortium could reduce almost 50% of the recommended P dose in rice cultivation. Three PSB strains in combination with 50% P dose was most effective and showed the highest increases in P uptake and PUE as compared to the uninoculated control. Moreover, the PSB consortium combined with 50% P dose contributed to 50.58% and 35.64% yield increases compared to the uninoculated control for 2018 and 2019, respectively. Significant increases in the activities of soil dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, and acid phosphatase were also recorded under PSB treatment.
Zinc (Zn) is an important micronutrient for the physiology of plants. It is poorly available to the plants in soil solution. A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate effectiveness of various Zn ...application methods on key enzyme activities and protein content of two contrasting rice genotypes viz., PD16 (Zn efficient) and NDR359 (Zn inefficient). The treatments were, control (0 mg Zn kg
−1
soil), soil application (5 mg Zn kg
−1
soil), foliar application (0.5 % ZnSO
4
+ 0.25 % lime at 30, 60 and 90 days after transplanting), soil (5 mg Zn kg
−1
soil) + foliar application of 0.5 % ZnSO
4
+ 0.25 % lime at 30, 60 and 90 days after transplanting. Among all the methods tested soil+foliar application of Zn fertilizers was found most effective in increasing superoxide dismutase (SOD) and carbonic anhydrase (CA) activities as well as chlorophyll and protein content in both the rice varieties. NDR359, showed higher enzyme activities and more chlorophyll content in leaves than PD16, when Zn was applied either through foliar spray alone or in soil along with foliar application. Regarding the protein content in grains, PD16 showed higher protein content than NDR359, thus showed better translocation of Zn from leaves to grains.
Purpose
Low grain zinc (Zn) content in cereal crops is a major nutritional constraint which is due to Zn deficient soils and its poor translocation from the source to the sink. The study was aimed to ...improve the translocation and accumulation of Zn in rice grains by the application of phytohormones like gibberellic acid (GA) and cytokinin.
Methods
The study was carried out in three replications of seven levels of phytohormones (0, 10, 20 mg GA L
−1
; 10, 20 mg cytokinin L
−1
, 10 mg each of GA + cytokinin L
−1
and 20 mg each of GA + cytokinin L
−1
) and three modes of Zn application, i.e., control (Zn0), soil application (ZnS), and soil + foliar application (ZnS + F). Four rice varieties (Jaya, NDR359, PD16, and Pant Sugandh 17) were tested under various treatments for superoxide dismutase (SOD), carbonic anhydrase (CA) activities, grain and straw yield, and Zn content in various plant parts in three factorial completely randomized block design.
Results
Activities of CA and SOD enzymes were increased by 49.5% and 53.3% in variety PD16 with 20 mg L
−1
of cytokinin and 10 mg L
−1
of GA respectively, under ZnS + F method. Variety PD16 produced maximum grain (61.5% greater than control) and straw yield (32.3% greater than control) by the foliar spray of 10 mg L
−1
of GA and 20 mg L
−1
of GA respectively, under ZnS + F mode. As regard the concentration of Zn, Pant Sugandh 17 accumulated the maximum Zn concentration in all the plant parts (leaves, pseudostem, intact, and dehusked grains). Foliar spray of 10 and 20 mg L
−1
GA along with ZnS + F mode was noted to be the most effective strategy to increase the Zn accumulation and improved the Zn concentration in dehusked grains by 72.8% than control.
Conclusion
Overall, this study highlighted the soil + foliar method of Zn application along with 10 and 20 mg L
−1
GA, which is a promising method to enhance the grain biofortification of rice varieties.
Improving nutritional quality of wheat through soil and foliar zinc application Bharti, K., G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Uttarakhand (India). Dept. of Plant Physiology; Pandey, N., G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Uttarakhand (India). Dept. of Entomology; Shankhdhar, D., G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Uttarakhand (India). Dept. of Plant Physiology ...
Plant, Soil and Environment,
08/2013, Letnik:
59, Številka:
8
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
A field study was conducted to ascertain the effect of three zinc (Zn) levels: 0, 20 kg ZnSO4/ha and 20 kg ZnSO4/ha + foliar spray of 0.5% ZnSO4, on wheat grain Zn content and factors contributing to ...or hindering in its bioavailability. Increasing Zn levels were established as serviceable in improving the nutritional status of genotypes. Soil application + foliar spray proved to be paramount for all the traits leading to an 80% increase in grain Zn content, 61.3% in methionine content and a decrease of 23.2% in phytic acid as an average of all genotypes and both years. The genotype UP 2382 was found more suited to Zn fertilization in allocating Zn and maintaining a lower phytate to Zn molar ratio.
A field study was carried out to investigate the effect of induced high temperature stress on the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POX), and proline content, ...membrane stability index and lipid peroxidation in terms of malondialdehyde content in six rice genotypes, viz., IET 21404, IET 21577, IET 21411, IET 21405, IET 21415 and KRH 2. Flag leaves of rice at flowering stage were used for the analysis of enzyme activities. Elevated temperature significantly increased the activity of SOD (46.05 %), POX (66.00 %), and CAT (41.83 %). This increase was associated with increase in lipid peroxidation and decrease in membrane stability. In general IET 21404 and IET 21577 showed relatively higher SOD, CAT and POX activity as compared to IET 21411, IET 21405, IET 21415 and KRH 2. Significant increase in proline content, malondialdehyde content and decrease in membrane stability index were observed in all the genotypes of rice at anthesis.
In finger millet, calcium is one of the important and abundant mineral elements. The molecular mechanisms involved in calcium accumulation in plants remains poorly understood. Transcriptome ...sequencing of genetically diverse genotypes of finger millet differing in grain calcium content will help in understanding the trait.
In this study, the transcriptome sequencing of spike tissues of two genotypes of finger millet differing in their grain calcium content, were performed for the first time. Out of 109,218 contigs, 78 contigs in case of GP-1 (Low Ca genotype) and out of 120,130 contigs 76 contigs in case of GP-45 (High Ca genotype), were identified as calcium sensor genes. Through in silico analysis all 82 unique calcium sensor genes were classified into eight calcium sensor gene family viz., CaM & CaMLs, CBLs, CIPKs, CRKs, PEPRKs, CDPKs, CaMKs and CCaMK. Out of 82 genes, 12 were found diverse from the rice orthologs. The differential expression analysis on the basis of FPKM value resulted in 24 genes highly expressed in GP-45 and 11 genes highly expressed in GP-1. Ten of the 35 differentially expressed genes could be assigned to three documented pathways involved mainly in stress responses. Furthermore, validation of selected calcium sensor responder genes was also performed by qPCR, in developing spikes of both genotypes grown on different concentration of exogenous calcium.
Through de novo transcriptome data assembly and analysis, we reported the comprehensive identification and functional characterization of calcium sensor gene family. The calcium sensor gene family identified and characterized in this study will facilitate in understanding the molecular basis of calcium accumulation and development of calcium biofortified crops. Moreover, this study also supported that identification and characterization of gene family through Illumina paired-end sequencing is a potential tool for generating the genomic information of gene family in non-model species.
Background: In finger millet, calcium is one of the important and abundant mineral elements. The molecular mechanisms involved in calcium accumulation in plants remains poorly understood. ...Transcriptome sequencing of genetically diverse genotypes of finger millet differing in grain calcium content will help in understanding the trait. Principal Finding: In this study, the transcriptome sequencing of spike tissues of two genotypes of finger millet differing in their grain calcium content, were performed for the first time. Out of 109,218 contigs, 78 contigs in case of GP-1 (Low Ca genotype) and out of 120,130 contigs 76 contigs in case of GP-45 (High Ca genotype), were identified as calcium sensor genes. Through in silico analysis all 82 unique calcium sensor genes were classified into eight calcium sensor gene family viz., CaM & CaMLs, CBLs, CIPKs, CRKs, PEPRKs, CDPKs, CaMKs and CCaMK. Out of 82 genes, 12 were found diverse from the rice orthologs. The differential expression analysis on the basis of FPKM value resulted in 24 genes highly expressed in GP-45 and 11 genes highly expressed in GP-1. Ten of the 35 differentially expressed genes could be assigned to three documented pathways involved mainly in stress responses. Furthermore, validation of selected calcium sensor responder genes was also performed by qPCR, in developing spikes of both genotypes grown on different concentration of exogenous calcium. Conclusion: Through de novo transcriptome data assembly and analysis, we reported the comprehensive identification and functional characterization of calcium sensor gene family. The calcium sensor gene family identified and characterized in this study will facilitate in understanding the molecular basis of calcium accumulation and development of calcium biofortified crops. Moreover, this study also supported that identification and characterization of gene family through Illumina paired-end sequencing is a potential tool for generating the genomic information of gene family in non-model species.
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