We offer three complementary, original methods and reproducibles to study the antibacterial and long-term effect of a detergent disinfecting for surfaces commercialized lately in France. Long-term ...activity noticed-effect is compared with that of other products. We first study the curves of growth of a strain of Escherichia coli put in presence with the surface of the wells of a microplate beforehand and for several days (from D-10 to D0), coated with disinfecting detergents. Another method consisted on surfaces firstly treated from D-10 to D0 by the one or the other product to be tested, which are artificially contaminated in a standardized manner by a velvet footprint with a suspension of E. coli. The surviving microbes are counted after transfer on a Rodac plate. Finally, doorhandles are cleaned and disinfected with the product. The natural bacterial recolonization doorhandles is studied by daily Rodac plate within a week. These studies allow to prove that Bacoban introduces a bactericidal activity on E. coli with an long-term effect for at least 10 days. The most competitive products have a bacteriostatic effect during nine to 10 days, but bactericidal effect only during two days. This bactericidal long-term effect may be particularly interesting in hospital hygiene for the biocleaning of the most manipulated surfaces and should restrict the role of bacterial reservoir of certain surfaces participating in care or near of the patients.
Monitoring of minimal residual disease (MRD) has become a strong diagnostic tool in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. It is used for risk-adapted therapy and for the recognition of pending relapses. In ...acute myeloid leukemia (AML), there is still a need for more suitable MRD markers.
A stepwise approach which combined genome-wide expression profiling, TaqMan low density arrays, and a TaqMan real-time PCR-based screening was used to identify new markers for the monitoring of MRD in AML. Leukemic cells from 52 children with AML and 145 follow-up samples from 25 patients were analyzed.
Seven genes were identified which are vastly overexpressed in many patients with AML compared with healthy bone marrow: CCL23, GAGED2, MSLN, SPAG6, and ST18 as well as the previously described markers WT1 and PRAME. The expression of all genes decreased to normal levels in patients who achieved a continuous complete remission. Elevated levels of at least one gene were found prior to relapse in 7 out of 10 patients who relapsed.
This set of genes should allow a sensitive and specific monitoring of MRD in AML. Notably, some of these markers could also serve as therapeutic targets or might be involved in leukemogenesis. MSLN is already used as a target for immunotherapy in clinical trials in other malignancies.
Nous proposons trois méthodes complémentaires, originales et reproductibles pour étudier l’effet rémanent antibactérien d’un détergent désinfectant pour surfaces commercialisé depuis peu dans notre ...pays pour les établissements de santé. Nous étudions, d’une part, les courbes de croissance d’une souche d’
Escherichia coli mise en présence avec la surface des puits d’une microplaque préalablement et depuis plusieurs jours (de j−10 à j0), enduite avec différents détergents désinfectants à tester. D’autre part, les surfaces préalablement traitées de j−
10 à j0 par l’un ou l’autre produit sont contaminées artificiellement de façon standardisée à l’aide d’empreinte en velours par une suspension d’
E. coli titrée. Les bactéries survivantes sont comptées après transfert sur une gélose Rodac
®. Enfin, des poignées de porte sont nettoyées et désinfectées avec le produit à tester et des empreintes gélosées sont réalisées pendant une semaine pour étudier la recolonisation progressive à l’occasion de leurs manipulations. Ces études permettent de vérifier que le Bacoban
® présente une activité bactéricide sur
E. coli, avec un effet rémanent d’au moins dix jours. En parallèle, nous montrons que les autres produits, pour les plus performants, ne sont bactériostatiques que pendant neuf à dix jours et bactéricides seulement pendant deux jours au maximum après leur application sur les surfaces. Cet effet bactéricide rémanent est particulièrement intéressant en hygiène hospitalière pour le bionettoyage des surfaces les plus manipulées et devrait permettre de limiter le rôle de réservoir bactérien de certaines surfaces participant aux soins ou proches des patients.
We offer three complementary, original methods and reproducibles to study the antibacterial and long-term effect of a detergent disinfecting for surfaces commercialized lately in France. Long-term activity noticed-effect is compared with that of other products. We first study the curves of growth of a strain of
Escherichia coli put in presence with the surface of the wells of a microplate beforehand and for several days (from D−
10 to D0), coated with disinfecting detergents. Another method consisted on surfaces firstly treated from D−
10 to D0 by the one or the other product to be tested, which are artificially contaminated in a standardized manner by a velvet footprint with a suspension of
E. coli. The surviving microbes are counted after transfer on a Rodac
® plate. Finally, doorhandles are cleaned and disinfected with the product. The natural bacterial recolonization doorhandles is studied by daily Rodac
® plate within a week. These studies allow to prove that Bacoban
® introduces a bactericidal activity on
E. coli with an long-term effect for at least 10 days. The most competitive products have a bacteriostatic effect during nine to 10 days, but bactericidal effect only during two days. This bactericidal long-term effect may be particularly interesting in hospital hygiene for the biocleaning of the most manipulated surfaces and should restrict the role of bacterial reservoir of certain surfaces participating in care or near of the patients.
Highly oriented diamond films can play an important role in replacing single crystal diamond for their use as substrates in active electronic devices. However, for practical applications, large, ...homogenous films with low defect densities are required. The focus of our investigations is the nucleation of highly oriented diamond on (001) silicon via Bias Enhanced Nucleation (BEN) over large areas. A modified BEN process using repetitive pulse bias ‘RP-BEN’ was developed, resulting in an area of oriented nucleation of up to 30 cm
2. The density of azimuthally oriented diamond seeds was measured by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images and found to be 8 × 10
8 cm
−2 with only 30% variation over the whole deposition area. After the nucleation, a microwave plasma assisted chemical vapor deposition (MPACVD) resulted in highly oriented and 〈100〉 textured diamond films. X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements of the {111} diamond peak, for a 60-μm-thick film, showed azimuthally misorientations (FWHM) of 2.8° for the tilt and 5.5° for the rotation. Raman spectroscopy was used to evaluate the radial distribution of the phase purity within the films. Introducing a final growth step with a low nitrogen concentration in the gas phase yielded a significant decrease in nitrogen incorporation in the films while maintaining the morphology. Elastic recoil detection (ERD) revealed impurity concentrations in the surface layer of 1.4 ppm for the N/C ratio and 210 ppm for the H/C ratio.
For a fighter type aircraft like the TST Alpha-Jet model the aerodynamic coefficient corrections for unsymmetric windtunnel flows are calculated. The model is attached to a rear sting support system ...and placed in the test-section of a subsonic windtunnel (KKK at DLR Köln) at incidence and yaw. For the numerical simulation of the windtunnel flow a subsonic panel method is used. The results are given in the form of windtunnel and support corrections for the lateral model coefficients side force, yawing and rolling moment.
We report the results of studies conducted with small field of view scintimammography camera based on a position-sensitive photomultiplier tube (5″ Hamamatsu R3292) and several pixelized crystal ...scintillator arrays made of YAP, CsI(Na) and NaI(Tl) scintillators. Laboratory tests and pre-clinical phantom studies were conducted to compare and optimize the performances of the prototypes with special emphasis on spatial resolution (∼2–3mm) and sufficient energy resolution for scatter rejection.
Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Mit der zunehmenden Anzahl eingenommener Arzneimittel steigt die Prävalenz von Medikationsrisiken. Hierzu zählen beispielsweise Arzneimittelwechselwirkungen, welche ...erwünschte und unerwünschte Wirkungen einzelner Arzneistoffe reduzieren aber auch verstärken können.
Fragestellung
Das Verbundvorhaben POLAR (POLypharmazie, Arzneimittelwechselwirkungen und Risiken) hat das Ziel, mit Methoden und Prozessen der Medizininformatikinitiative (MII) auf Basis von „Real World Data“ (stationärer Behandlungsdaten von Universitätskliniken) einen Beitrag zur Detektion von Medikationsrisiken bei Patient:innen mit Polymedikation zu leisten. Im Artikel werden die konkreten klinischen Probleme dargestellt und am konkreten Auswertebeispiel illustriert.
Material und Methoden
Konkrete pharmakologische Fragestellungen werden algorithmisch abgebildet und an 13 Datenintegrationszentren in verteilten Analysen ausgewertet. Eine wesentliche Voraussetzung für die Anwendung dieser Algorithmen ist die Kerndatensatzstruktur der MII, die auf internationale IT-, Interoperabilitäts- und Terminologiestandards setzt.
Ergebnisse
In POLAR konnte erstmals gezeigt werden, dass stationäre Behandlungsdaten standortübergreifend auf der Basis abgestimmter, interoperabler Datenaustauschformate datenschutzkonform für Forschungsfragen zu arzneimittelbezogenen Problemen nutzbar gemacht werden können.
Schlussfolgerungen
Als Zwischenstand in POLAR wird ein erstes vorläufiges Ergebnis einer Analyse gezeigt. Darüber hinaus werden allgemeinere technische, rechtliche, kommunikative Chancen und Herausforderungen dargestellt, wobei der Fokus auf dem Fall der Verwendung stationärer Behandlungsdaten als „Real World Data“ für die Forschung liegt.
Abstract
Background
As the number of concomitantly used drugs increases, the prevalence of medication risks increases. These include, for example, drug interactions which may reduce or increase the desired and undesired effects of individual drugs.
Objectives
The POLypharmacy, drug interActions and Risks (POLAR) project aims to contribute to the detection of medication risks in patients with polymedication using methods and processes of the Medical Informatics Initiative (MII) on the basis of “real world data” (inpatient treatment data of university hospitals). In the article, the specific clinical problems are presented and illustrated based on an evaluation example.
Materials and methods
Specific pharmacological questions are mapped algorithmically and applied in distributed analyses in 13 data integration centers. An essential prerequisite for the application of these algorithms is the core data set structure of the MII, which relies on international information technology, interoperability, and terminology standards.
Results
In POLAR, it was demonstrated for the first time that inpatient treatment data can be made usable across sites for research questions on drug-related problems based on coordinated, interoperable data exchange formats in a privacy-compliant manner.
Conclusions
An interim report from the POLAR project shows the first, preliminary result of an analysis. In addition, more general discussions of technical, legal, communicative opportunities and challenges are presented, with a focus on using inpatient treatment data as “real world data” for research purposes.
Human papillomavirus (HPV) types 16 and 18 are known to play a major role in cervical carcinogenesis. However, additional genetic alterations are required for the development and progression of ...cervical cancer. Our aim was to identify genes which are consistently down-regulated in cervical cancers (CxCa) and which are likely to contribute to malignant transformation. Microarray analyses of RNA from high-grade cervical precancers (CIN2/3) and CxCa were performed to screen for putative tumour suppressor genes (TSG) in predefined regions on chromosomes 4 and 10. Validation of the candidate genes was done by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) in 16 normal cervical tissues, 14 CIN2/3 and 16 CxCa. The two most promising genes, SORBS2 and CALML5, were expressed ectopically in various cell lines in order to analyse their functional activity. Reconstitution of SORBS2 expression resulted in a significant reduction in cell proliferation, colony formation and anchorage-independent growth in CaSki, HPKII and HaCaT cells, whereby anchorage-independent growth could only be investigated for CaSki cells. SORBS2 had no effect on cell migration. In contrast, reconstitution of CALML5 expression did not influence the phenotype of all cell lines tested. None of the genes could induce senescence or apoptosis. Our results underline a possible role of SORBS2 as a TSG in cervical carcinogenesis.
Summary
Bread wheat derives from a grass ancestor structured in seven protochromosomes followed by a paleotetraploidization to reach a 12 chromosomes intermediate and a neohexaploidization (involving ...subgenomes A, B and D) event that finally shaped the 21 modern chromosomes. Insights into wheat syntenome in sequencing conserved orthologous set (COS) genes unravelled differences in genomic structure (such as gene conservation and diversity) and genetical landscape (such as recombination pattern) between ancestral as well as recent duplicated blocks. Contrasted evolutionary plasticity is observed where the B subgenome appears more sensitive (i.e. plastic) in contrast to A as dominant (i.e. stable) in response to the neotetraploidization and D subgenome as supra‐dominant (i.e. pivotal) in response to the neohexaploidization event. Finally, the wheat syntenome, delivered through a public web interface PlantSyntenyViewer at http://urgi.versailles.inra.fr/synteny-wheat, can be considered as a guide for accelerated dissection of major agronomical traits in wheat.
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