The Brazilian Neonatal Resuscitation Program releases guidelines based on local interpretation of international consensus on science and treatment recommendations. We aimed to analyze whether ...guidelines for preterm newborns were applied to practice in the 20 Brazilian Network on Neonatal Research centers of this middle-income country.
Prospectively collected data from 2014 to 2020 were analyzed for 8514 infants born at 230/7 to 316/7 weeks' gestation. The frequency of procedures was evaluated by gestational age (GA) category, including use of a thermal care bundle, positive pressure ventilation (PPV), PPV with a T-piece resuscitator, maximum fraction of inspired oxygen (Fio2) concentration during PPV, tracheal intubation, chest compressions and medications, and use of continuous positive airway pressure in the delivery room. Logistic regression, adjusted by center and year, was used to estimate the probability of receiving recommended treatment.
For 3644 infants 23 to 27 weeks' GA and 4870 infants 28 to 31 weeks' GA, respectively, the probability of receiving care consistent with guidelines per year increased, including thermal care (odds ratio OR, 1.52 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.44-1.61 and 1.45 1.38-1.52) and PPV with a T-piece (OR, 1.45 95% CI 1.37-1.55 and 1.41 1.32-1.51). The probability of receiving PPV with Fio2 1.00 decreased equally in both GA groups (OR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.86-0.93).
Between 2014 and 2020, the resuscitation guidelines for newborns <32 weeks' GA on thermal care, PPV with a T-piece resuscitator, and decreased use of Fio2 1.00 were translated into clinical practice.
BACKGROUND: Guidelines for red blood cell (RBC) transfusions exist; however, transfusion practices vary among centers. This study aimed to analyze transfusion practices and the impact of patients and ...institutional characteristics on the indications of RBC transfusions in preterm infants.
STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: RBC transfusion practices were investigated in a multicenter prospective cohort of preterm infants with a birth weight of less than 1500 g born at eight public university neonatal intensive care units of the Brazilian Network on Neonatal Research. Variables associated with any RBC transfusions were analyzed by logistic regression analysis.
RESULTS: Of 952 very‐low‐birth‐weight infants, 532 (55.9%) received at least one RBC transfusion. The percentages of transfused neonates were 48.9, 54.5, 56.0, 61.2, 56.3, 47.8, 75.4, and 44.7%, respectively, for Centers 1 through 8. The number of transfusions during the first 28 days of life was higher in Center 4 and 7 than in other centers. After 28 days, the number of transfusions decreased, except for Center 7. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed higher likelihood of transfusion in infants with late onset sepsis (odds ratio OR, 2.8; 95% confidence interval CI, 1.8‐4.4), intraventricular hemorrhage (OR, 9.4; 95% CI, 3.3‐26.8), intubation at birth (OR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.0‐2.8), need for umbilical catheter (OR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.3‐4.4), days on mechanical ventilation (OR, 1.1; 95% CI, 1.0‐1.2), oxygen therapy (OR, 1.1; 95% CI, 1.0‐1.1), parenteral nutrition (OR, 1.1; 95% CI, 1.0‐1.1), and birth center (p < 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS: The need of RBC transfusions in very‐low‐birth‐weight preterm infants was associated with clinical conditions and birth center. The distribution of the number of transfusions during hospital stay may be used as a measure of neonatal care quality.
To analyze the effects of treatment approach on the outcomes of newborns (birth weight BW < 1,000g) with patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), from the Brazilian Neonatal Research Network (BNRN) on: death, ...bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), severe intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH III/IV), retinopathy of prematurity requiring surgical (ROPsur), necrotizing enterocolitis requiring surgery (NECsur), and death/BPD.
This was a multicentric, cohort study, retrospective data collection, including newborns (BW < 1000g) with gestational age (GA) < 33 weeks and echocardiographic diagnosis of PDA, from 16 neonatal units of the BNRN from January 1, 2010 to Dec 31, 2011. Newborns who died or were transferred until the third day of life, and those with presence of congenital malformation or infection were excluded. Groups: G1 – conservative approach (without treatment), G2 – pharmacologic (indomethacin or ibuprofen), G3 – surgical ligation (independent of previous treatment). Factors analyzed: antenatal corticosteroid, cesarean section, BW, GA, 5min. Apgar score < 4, male gender, Score for Neonatal Acute Physiology Perinatal Extension (SNAPPE II), respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), late sepsis (LS), mechanical ventilation (MV), surfactant (< 2h of life), and time of MV. Outcomes: death, O2 dependence at 36 weeks (BPD36wks), IVH III/IV, ROPsur, NECsur, and death/BPD36wks. Statistics: Student's t-test, chi-squared test, or Fisher's exact test; Odds ratio (95% CI); logistic binary regression and backward stepwise multiple regression. Software: MedCalc (Medical Calculator) software, version 12.1.4.0. p-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.
1,097 newborns were selected and 494 newborns were included: G1 - 187 (37.8%), G2 - 205 (41.5%), and G3 - 102 (20.6%). The highest mortality was observed in G1 (51.3%) and the lowest in G3 (14.7%). The highest frequencies of BPD36wks (70.6%) and ROPsur were observed in G3 (23.5%). The lowest occurrence of death/BPD36wks occurred in G2 (58.0%). Pharmacological (OR 0.29; 95% CI: 0.14-0.62) and conservative (OR 0.34; 95% CI: 0.14-0.79) treatments were protective for the outcome death/BPD36wks.
The conservative approach of PDA was associated to high mortality, the surgical approach to the occurrence of BPD36wks and ROPsur, and the pharmacological treatment was protective for the outcome death/BPD36wks.
Analisar os efeitos da terapêutica adotada para o canal arterial (CA) em recém-nascidos (RN) < 1.000gadmitidos em unidades neonatais (UN) da Rede Brasileira de Pesquisas Neonatais (RBPN), sobre os desfechos: óbito, displasia broncopulmonar (DBP), hemorragia intraventricular grave (HIVIII/IV), retinopatia da prematuridade cirúrgica (ROPcir), enterocolite necrosante cirúrgica (ECNcir) e o desfecho combinado óbito e DBP.
Estudo multicêntrico, de coorte, coleta de dados retrospectiva, incluindo RN de 16 UN da RBPN de 01/01/2010 a 31/12/2011, PN < 1.000g, idade gestacional (IG) < 33 semanas e diagnóstico ecocardiográfico de PCA. Excluídos: óbitos ou transferências até o terceiro dia de vida, infecções congênitas ou malformações. Grupos: G1 – conservadora (sem intervenção medicamentosa ou cirúrgica), G2 – farmacológica (indometacina ou ibuprofeno) e G3 – cirúrgico (com ou sem tratamento farmacológico anterior). Analisou-se: uso de esteroide antenatal, parto cesárea, PN, IG, Apgar5′ < 4, sexo masculino, SNAPPE II, síndrome do desconforto respiratório (SDR), sepse tardia, ventilação mecânica (VM), surfactante < 2 horas de vida, tempo de VM e os desfechos: óbito, dependência de oxigênio com 36 semanas (DBP36s), HIV III/IV, ROPcir, ECNcir e óbito/DBP36s. Estatística: Teste t-Student, Qui-Quadrado ou teste Exato de Fisher. Testes de Regressão Binária Logística e Regressão Múltipla Stepwise Backward. MedCalc (Medical Calculator) software, versão 12.1.4.0.p < 0,05.
Foram selecionados 1.097 RN e 494 foram incluídos: G1-187 (37,8%), G2-205 (41,5%) e G3-102 (20,6%). Verificou-se: maior mortalidade (51,3%) no G1 e menor no G3(14,7%); maior frequência DBP36s (70,6%) e ROPcir (23,5%) no G3; maior frequência de óbito/DBP36s no G2 (58,0%). As abordagens farmacológica (OR-0,29; 95%, IC-0,14-0,62) e conservadora (OR-0,34; 95%, IC- 0,14-0,79) foram protetoras somente para o desfecho óbito/DBP36sem.
Em RN com PCA, a abordagem conservadora relacionou-se à maior mortalidade, a cirúrgica à ocorrência de DBP36s e ROPcir., enquanto o tratamento farmacológico mostrou-se protetor para o desfecho óbito/DBP36sem.
To investigate the immune response of preterm infants to hepatitis B vaccination.
Three doses of recombinant hepatitis B vaccine (5 micro g dose) were administered to 35 preterm and 21 full-term ...infants within 24 hours after birth and at one and six months of postnatal age.
A protective antibody response (anti-HB > 10 mUI/mL) was observed three months after the last dose in 92.6% and 100% of preterm and full-term infants (p > 0.05), respectively. Newborns with gestational age below 34 weeks presented lower antibody responses in all three periods. However, gestational age was not important to determine the antibody response in the three periods analyzed. When antibody response was analyzed in terms of birth weight, it was observed that a protective response was present in 75 and 100% of newborns with birth weight < or = 1,500 g and > 1,500 g, respectively. Birth weight was shown to be a relevant factor in determining a protective antibody response at six months of postnatal age. Nonresponders received a fourth vaccine dose and an adequate antibody response was obtained in 100%.
The antibody response of preterm infants was similar to that of term newborns. Hepatitis B vaccination can be initiated on the first day of life in preterm newborns, following the same scheme recommended for term newborns. However, in preterm infants with birth weight less than or equal to 1,500 g, whose antibody response is lower, anti-HB titers should be monitored at nine months of age, or a four-dose vaccination scheme should be provided, with doses on the first day of postnatal life and one, six and nine months later.
OBJETIVO: Avaliar os fatores de risco associados à ausência de aleitamento materno exclusivo (AME) em crianças <6 meses de vida na cidade de São Paulo, em 2008. MÉTODOS: Aplicou-se o questionário do ...Projeto Amamentação e Municípios-1998 (AMAMUNIC) a pais/responsáveis de crianças <6 meses de idade durante a Campanha Nacional de Vacinação contra Poliomielite. Cálculo da amostra por conglomerados com sorteio em dois estágios. Os fatores analisados foram idade e educação materna, peso de nascimento, sexo, tipo de parto, nascer em Hospital Amigo da Criança, presença de aleitamento materno precoce, uso de chupeta nas últimas 24 horas e mãe trabalhando fora de casa. Análise estatística por regressão logística binária com SPSS, versão 15.0, sendo significante p<0,05. RESULTADOS: Foram realizadas 724 entrevistas, das quais 275 referiram (39,1%) aleitamento materno exclusivo (Grupo I - GI) e 429 (60,9%) sem aleitamento materno exclusivo (Grupo II - GII). Houve diferenças entre os grupos quanto ao uso da chupeta nas últimas 24 horas (GI 32,3 versus GII 59,8%; p<0.001), mães trabalhando fora (GI 12,4 versus GII 24,8%; p<0.001) e idade da criança (GI 74,1±45,3 versus GII 105,8±49,5 dias; p<0,0001).Na análise multivariada, houve associação entre ausência de aleitamento materno exclusivo e uso de chupeta (OR 3,02; IC95% 2,10-4,36), mãe trabalhando fora (OR 2,11; IC95% 1,24-3,57) e idade da criança (OR 1,01; IC95% 1,01-1,02). CONCLUSÕES: O uso da chupeta nas últimas 24 horas associou-se à ausência de AME em crianças menores do que seis meses, seguido pelo trabalho materno fora de casa e pela idade da criança, que são importantes fatores a serem controlados em programas de promoção do aleitamento materno.
OBJETIVO: Evaluar los factores de riesgo asociados a la ausencia de lactancia materna exclusiva (LME) en niños con <6 meses de vida en la ciudad de São Paulo, Brasil, en 2008. MÉTODOS: Se aplicó el cuestionario del Proyecto Lactancia y Municipios-1998 (AMAMUNIC) a padres/responsables de niños con <6 meses de edad durante la Campaña Nacional de Vacunación contra la Poliomielitis. Cálculo de la muestra por conglomerados con sorteo en dos etapas. Los factores analizados fueron edad y educación materna, peso de nacimiento, sexo, tipo de parto, nacer en Hospital Amigo del Niño, presencia de lactancia materna precoz, uso de chupete las últimas 24 horas y madre trabajando fuera de casa. Análisis estadístico fue realizado por regresión logística binaria con el SPSS, versión 15.0, siendo significante p<0,05. RESULTADOS: Se realizaron 724 entrevistas, de las que 275 refirieron (39,1%) lactancia materna exclusiva (Grupo I - GI) y 429 (60,9%) sin lactancia materna exclusiva (Grupo II - GII). Hubo diferencias entre los grupos respecto al uso del chupete las últimas 24 horas (GI 32,3 vs. GII 59,8%; p<0.001), madres trabajando fuera (GI 12,4 vs. GII 24,8%; p<0.001) y edad del niño (GI 74,1±45,3 vs. GII 105,8±49,5 días; p<0,0001). En el análisis multivariado, hubo asociación entre ausencia de lactancia materna exclusiva y uso de chupete (OR 3,02; IC95% 2,10-4,36), madre trabajando fuera (OR 2,11; IC95% 1,24-3,57) y edad del niño (OR 1,01; IC95% 1,01-1,02). CONCLUSIONES: El uso de chupete las últimas 24 horas se asoció a la ausencia de LME en niños menores que seis meses, seguido por el trabajo materno fuera de casa y por la edad del niño, que son importantes factores a controlar en programas de promoción de la lactancia materna.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate risk factors associated to interruption of exclusive breastfeeding among children <6 months of age in São Paulo city in 2008. METHODS: A special questionnaire (Breastfeeding and Cities Project-1998) was applied to the parents/guardians of children <6 months of age during the National Poliomyelitis Campaign. Sample calculation used a two stage cluster sampling procedure. The following groups were compared: I (children exclusively breastfed); II (children without exclusive breastfeeding). Factors analyzed: mother's age and schooling, infant birth weight, gender, type of delivery, being born in a Baby-Friendly Hospital, presence of early breastfeeding, use of pacifier in the last 24 hours, and mother working outside home. Statistical analysis included binary logistic regression by SPSS 15.0, being significant p<0.05. RESULTS: 724 interviews were performed with 275 (39.1%) children in Group I and 429 (60.9%) in Group II. Differences between groups were found on: use of pacifier in the last 24 hours (GI 32.3 vs. GII59.8%; p<0.0001), mothers working outside home (GI 12.4 vs. GII 24.8%; p=0.0002) and child's age(GI 74.1±45.3 vs. GII105.8±49.5 days; p<0.0001). Multivariate analysis showed significant association of non-exclusive breastfeeding in this sample with use of pacifier in the last 24 hours (OR 3.02; 95%CI 2.10-4.36); mother working outside home (OR 2.11; 95%CI 1.24-3.57), and child's age (OR 1.01, 95%CI 1.01-1.02). CONCLUSIONS: In this population under six months of age, the use of pacifier in the last 24 hours was associated with not being exclusively breastfed, as well as mother work outside home and child's age. These are important factors to consider in breastfeeding promotion programs.
To develop models for estimating the length of hospital stay (LOS) of very low birth weight infants (VLBW), based on perinatal risk factors present during the first week of life and during the entire ...hospitalization period.
The files of 155 VLBW were analyzed, and the influence of individual risk factors were initially evaluated by univariate analysis, using multiple-regression. Two mathematical models were built to estimate the LOS.
The first model, using risk factors present during the first 3 days of life, is as follows: LOS = -0.074A + 22.06B + 22.85C - 16.78D - 2.07E + 10.51F + 203.12 (R2 = 0.63). (The letters are added to show what each number represents: A: birth weight; B: occurrence of respiratory distress syndrome; C: endotracheal intubation during resuscitation; D: 1-minute Apgar score; E: gestational age; F: presence of complications during delivery.) The second model, using factors present during the entire hospitalization period, is: LOS = 0.61G + 29.19H + 24.68I + 14.21J + 23.56K + 9.54L + 7.41M + 20.43 (R2 = 0.82). (G: age receiving nutritional support of > or = 120 kcal/kg per day; H: occurrence of systemic candidiasis; I: birth weight < 1000 gm; J: presence of delivery complication; K: occurrence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia; L: birth weight > or = 1000 gm and < or = 1249 gm; M: occurrence of anemia).
Both models are applicable for estimating the hospitalization period, and the addition of variables present during the entire hospitalization period improved the accuracy of the model.
OBJETIVO: Investigar a resposta imune à vacina contra hepatite B em recém-nascidos pré-termo visando determinar a taxa de soroproteção, analisar a relação desta com a idade gestacional e o peso de ...nascimento. MÉTODOS: A vacina recombinante contra hepatite B (5 µg por dose) foi aplicada em 35 recém-nascidos pré-termo e 21 recém-nascidos a termo, no primeiro dia, a 1 mês e aos 6 meses de vida. Foram determinados os títulos de anti-HBs em todos os recém-nascidos com 6, 9 e 12 meses. RESULTADOS: Aos 9 meses, as taxas de soroproteção (anti-HBs > 10 mUI/mL) foram de 92,6 e 100% nos recém-nascidos pré-termo e a termo, respectivamente (p > 0,05). Nos recém-nascidos com peso de nascimento < 1.500 e > 1.500 g, as taxas foram de 75 e 100%, respectivamente. Nos recém-nascidos com idade gestacional < 34 semanas, foram encontradas taxas de soroproteção menores em todos os períodos. Estudando a influência do peso de nascimento e da idade gestacional, verificou-se que o peso foi o parâmetro que mais influenciou a taxa de soroproteção, especialmente na determinação sorológica aos 6 meses. Os recém-nascidos que não responderam receberam uma quarta dose da vacina, com 100% de resposta. CONCLUSÕES: Frente aos resultados obtidos, os recém-nascidos pré-termo apresentam resposta imunológica semelhante aos recém-nascidos a termo e, portanto, podem iniciar o esquema vacinal logo após o nascimento, seguindo o esquema aplicado aos recém-nascidos a termo. Deve-se ressaltar que os recém-nascidos com peso de nascimento < 1.500 g, nos quais 25% não responderam com títulos protetores, deveriam ser avaliados através de sorologia após a terceira dose da vacina, ou então dever-se-ia preconizar um esquema vacinal constituído de quatro doses, aplicadas no primeiro dia de vida e a 1, 6 e 12 meses.
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