For a better understanding of protein synthesis and degradation in the human kidney, the arteriovenous difference technique across the kidney, splanchnic organs, and leg muscle was combined with ...labeled leucine and phenylalanine isotope dilution models. Results indicate that in the postabsorptive state, the protein balance across the human kidney is negative because the rate of leucine release from protein degradation is greater than the amount used for protein synthesis. In the splanchnic bed, net protein balance is neutral since the amount of leucine deriving from protein degradation is similar to the amount utilized for protein synthesis. In the leg muscle, protein degradation exceeds protein synthesis. The kidney exhibits the highest leucine metabolic activity when expressed in terms of total organ leucine content. The estimated fractional protein synthesis rate in the human kidney is about 40% per day (vs. about 2% in muscle and 12% in the splanchnic bed). The human kidney presents high rates of protein turnover and accounts for a significant fraction of whole-body protein degradation, protein synthesis, and leucine oxidation.
Renal metabolism of amino acids (AAs) was evaluated in 5 patients with early IDDM, and in 7 controls (C) in the basal state for 80 minutes after the ingestion of an AA mixture simulating an animal ...protein meal. Insulin was withdrawn 20 hours before the study. Renal metabolism of AAs was evaluated by the arterial-venous difference technique. In the basal state in IDDM, as in C, the kidney takes up large amounts of a few nonessential AAs (NEAAs): it releases many NEAAs and a few essential AAs (EAAs). After AA ingestion in C, renal extraction of most EAAs, mainly BCAAs, Lys, and Thr, occurs; Pro extraction also increases and a significant uptake of Gly, Glu, Asp, Orn, and Tyr takes place. EAA extraction accounts for 30-40% of total AA uptake. In IDDM, after AA ingestion, a) renal uptake of total AAs is significantly lower, owing mainly to a markedly lower uptake of BCAAs, Lys, and also of Pro, Orn, and Ala; b) renal EAA uptake accounts for less than 20% of total AA extraction. These results indicate that in IDDM postprandial renal N repletion is impaired and unbalanced.
Duration of fertility of the eggs of common duck and muscovy duck after insemination Mori, B; Fedeli Avanzi, C. (Pisa Univ. (Italy). Dipartimento di Scienze Anatomiche, Fisiologiche e delle Produzioni Animali); Saffioti, F. (Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Siena (Italy). Centro per lo Studio delle Cellule Germinali)
Annali della Facoltà di medicina veterinaria di Pisa,
(1995), Letnik:
48
Journal Article
The aim of this study has been to evaluate the inseminating power of drakes after 3, 6, 9, 12 days from mating. By this aim some common and muscovy drakes were mated with an equal number of females ...of the same species in rotation in order to eliminate both time effect and the female individual effect. The eggs laid, incubated for 5-6 days and controlled by candling, confirmed that the maximum of fertility for both the species is in the period between 4 and 6 days from insemination
Oggetto di questo studio e' stata la valutazione della capacita' fecondante dei maschi di anatra dopo 3, 6, 9, 12 giorni dall'accoppiamento. A questo scopo, soggetti di sesso maschile di 2 diverse specie, anatra comune (Anas platyrhyncos) e anatra muschiata (Cairina moschata), sono stati accoppiati con un pari numero di femmine della stessa specie a rotazione, per eliminare sia l'effetto tempo sia l'effetto individuale delle femmine. L'esame delle uova deposte, incubate per 5-6 giorni e poi sottoposte a speratura, ha confermato che il massimo di fertilita' per entrambe le specie si osserva nel periodo che va dai 4 ai 6 giorni dalla inseminazione
