Publisher's note: This edition from 2020 is outdated and does not make use of the most recent iOS and swift features. A new sixth edition, updated for iOS 15 and including new advanced topics, such ...as Mac Catalyst, SwiftUI, Swift Concurrency, and SharePlay, has now been publishedKey FeaturesExplore the latest features of Xcode 12 and the Swift 5.3 programming language in this updated fifth editionKick-start your iOS programming career and have fun building your own iOS appsDiscover the new features of iOS 14 such as Mac Catalyst, SwiftUI, widgets and App ClipsBook DescriptionIf you're looking to work and experiment with powerful iOS 14 features such as widgets and App Clips to create your own apps, this iOS programming guide is for you. The book offers a comprehensive introduction for experienced programmers who are new to iOS, taking you through the entire process of learning the Swift language, writing your own apps, and publishing them on the App Store.Fully updated to cover the new iOS 14 features, along with Xcode 12 and Swift 5.3, this fifth edition of iOS 14 Programming for Beginners starts with an introduction to the Swift programming language and shows you how to accomplish common programming tasks with it. You'll then start building the user interface (UI) of a complete real-world app using the storyboards feature in the latest version of Xcode and implement the code for views, view controllers, data managers, and other aspects of mobile apps. The book will also help you apply iOS 14 features to existing apps and introduce you to SwiftUI, a new way to build apps for all Apple devices. Finally, you'll set up testers for your app and understand what you need to do to publish your app on the App Store.By the end of this book, you'll not only be well versed in writing and publishing applications, but you'll also be able to apply your iOS development skills to enhance existing apps.What you will learnGet to grips with the fundamentals of Xcode 12 and Swift 5.3, the building blocks of iOS developmentUnderstand how to prototype an app using storyboardsDiscover the Model-View-Controller design pattern and how to implement the desired functionality within an appImplement the latest iOS features, such as widgets and App ClipsConvert an existing iPad app into an Apple Silicon Mac appDesign, deploy, and test your iOS applications with design patterns and best practicesWho this book is forThis book is for anyone who has programming experience but is new to Swift and iOS app development. Experienced programmers looking to explore the latest iOS 14 features will also find this book useful.
We introduce a new multi-atlas segmentation (MAS) framework for MR tumor brain images. The basic idea of MAS is to register and fuse label information from multiple normal brain atlases to a new ...brain image for segmentation. Many MAS methods have been proposed with success. However, most of them are developed for normal brain images, and tumor brain images usually pose a great challenge for them. This is because tumors cause difficulties in registration of normal brain atlases to the tumor brain image. To address this challenge, in the first step of our MAS framework, a new low-rank method is used to get the recovered image of normal-looking brain from the MR tumor brain image based on the information of normal brain atlases. Different from conventional low-rank methods that produce the recovered image with distorted normal brain regions, our low-rank method harnesses a spatial constraint to get the recovered image with preserved normal brain regions. Then in the second step, normal brain atlases can be registered to the recovered image without influence from tumors. These two steps are iteratively proceeded until convergence, for obtaining the final segmentation of the tumor brain image. During the iteration, both the recovered image and the registration of normal brain atlases to the recovered image are gradually refined. We have compared our proposed method with state-of-the-art methods by using both synthetic and real MR tumor brain images. Experimental results show that our proposed method can get effectively recovered images and also improves segmentation accuracy.
Skeletal bone age assessment is a common clinical practice to investigate endocrinology, and genetic and growth disorders of children. However, clinical interpretation and bone age analyses are ...time-consuming, labor intensive, and often subject to inter-observer variability. This advocates the need of a fully automated method for bone age assessment. We propose a regression convolutional neural network (CNN) to automatically assess the pediatric bone age from hand radiograph. Our network is specifically trained to place more attention to those bone age related regions in the X-ray images. Specifically, we first adopt the attention module to process all images and generate the coarse/fine attention maps as inputs for the regression network. Then, the regression CNN follows the supervision of the dynamic attention loss during training; thus, it can estimate the bone age of the hard (or "outlier") images more accurately. The experimental results show that our method achieves an average discrepancy of 5.2-5.3 months between clinical and automatic bone age evaluations on two large datasets. In conclusion, we propose a fully automated deep learning solution to process X-ray images of the hand for bone age assessment, with the accuracy comparable to human experts but with much better efficiency.
The human cerebellum is engaged in a broad array of tasks related to motor coordination, cognition, language, attention, memory, and emotional regulation. A detailed cerebellar atlas can facilitate ...the investigation of the structural and functional organization of the cerebellum. However, existing cerebellar atlases are typically limited to a single imaging modality with insufficient characterization of tissue properties. Here, we introduce a multifaceted cerebellar atlas based on high-resolution multimodal MRI, facilitating the understanding of the neurodevelopment and neurodegeneration of the cerebellum based on cortical morphology, tissue microstructure, and intra-cerebellar and cerebello-cerebral connectivity.
Bedside ultrasound techniques have the unique ability to produce instantaneous, dynamic images, and have demonstrated widespread utility in both emergency and critical care settings. The aim of this ...article is to introduce a novel application of this imaging modality by utilizing an ultrasound based mathematical model to assess respiratory function. With validation, the proposed models have the potential to predict pulmonary function in patients who cannot adequately participate in standard spirometric techniques (inability to form tight seal with mouthpiece, etc.).
Ultrasound was used to measure diaphragm thickness (Tdi) in a small population of healthy, adult males at various points of the respiratory cycle. Each measurement corresponded to a generated negative inspiratory force (NIF), determined by a handheld meter. The data was analyzed using mixed models to produce two representative mathematical models.
Two mathematical models represented the relationship between Tdi and NIFmax, or maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP), both of which were statistically significant with p-values <0.005: 1. log(NIF) = -1.32+4.02×log(Tdi); and 2. NIF = -8.19+(2.55 × Tdi)+(1.79×(Tdi2)).
With validation, these models intend to provide a method of estimating MIP, by way of diaphragm ultrasound measurements, thereby allowing evaluation of respiratory function in patients who may be unable to reliably participate in standard spirometric tests.
iOS 13 Programming for Beginners is a popular introductory guide on learning the essentials of Swift programming and iOS development for building your first iOS app and publishing it on the App ...Store. Fully updated to cover the latest features of iOS 13, you will be up to speed with writing your first iOS app with this practical guide.
Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides detailed soft tissue contrasts that are critical for disease diagnosis and neuroscience research. Higher MRI resolution typically comes at the cost of ...signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and tissue contrast, particularly for more common 3 Tesla (3T) MRI scanners. At ultra-high magnetic field strength, 7 Tesla (7T) MRI allows for higher resolution with greater tissue contrast and SNR. However, the prohibitively high costs of 7T MRI scanners deter their widespread adoption in clinical and research centers. To obtain higher-quality images without 7T MRI scanners, algorithms that can synthesize 7T MR images from 3T MR images are under active development. Here, we make available a dataset of paired T1-weighted and T2-weighted MR images at 3T and 7T of 10 healthy subjects to facilitate the development and evaluation of 3T-to-7T MR image synthesis models. The quality of the dataset is assessed using image quality metrics implemented in MRIQC.
Retrospective studies on the use of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System blockade in patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been informative but conflicting, and prospective studies ...are required to demonstrate the safety, tolerability, and outcomes of initiating these agents in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 and hypertension.
This is a single center feasibility study encompassing two cohorts: (1) prospective cohort (April 21, 2020 to May 29, 2020) and (2) retrospective cohort (March 7, 2020 to April 1, 2020) of hospitalized patients with real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) positive SARS-CoV-2 by nasopharyngeal swab. Key inclusion criteria include BP > 130/80 and a requirement of supplemental oxygen with FiO2 of 25% or higher to maintain SpO2 > 92%. Key exclusion criteria included hyperkalemia and acute kidney injury (AKI) at the time of enrollment. Prospective cohort consisted of de novo initiation of losartan and continuation for a minimum of 7 days and assessed for adverse events (AKI, hyperkalemia, transaminitis, hypotension) and clinical outcomes (change in SpO2/FiO2 and inflammatory markers, need for ICU admission and mechanical ventilation). Retrospective cohort consisted of continuation of losartan (prior-to-hospitalization) and assessment of similar outcomes. In the prospective cohort, a total of 250 hospitalized patients were screened and inclusion/exclusion criteria were met in 16/250 patients and in the retrospective cohort, a total of 317 hospitalized patients were screened and inclusion/exclusion criteria were met in 14/317 patients. Most common adverse event was hypotension, leading to discontinuation in 3/16 (19%) and 2/14 (14%) patients in the prospective and retrospective cohort. No patients developed AKI in the prospective cohort as compared to 1/14 (7%) patients in the retrospective cohort, requiring discontinuation of losartan. Hyperkalemia occurred in 1/16 (6%) and 0/14 patients in the prospective and retrospective cohorts, respectively. In the prospective cohort, 3/16 (19%) and 2/16 (13%) patients required ICU admission and mechanical ventilation. In comparison, 3/14 (21%) required ICU admission and mechanical ventilation in the retrospective cohort. A majority of patients in both cohorts (14/16 (88%) and 13/14 (93%) patients from the prospective and retrospective cohort) were discharged alive from the hospital. A total of 9/16 (prospective) and 5/14 (retrospective) patients completed a minimum 7 days of losartan. In these 9 patients in the prospective cohort, a significant improvement in SpO2/FiO2 ratio was observed from day 1 to 7. No significant changes in inflammatory markers (initiation, peak, and day 7) were observed in either cohort.
In this pilot study we demonstrate that losartan was well-tolerated among hospitalized patients with COVID-19 and hypertension. We also demonstrate the feasibility of patient recruitment and the appropriate parameters to assess the outcomes and safety of losartan initiation or continuation, which provides a framework for future randomized clinical trials.
Volume assessment is an important, but challenging but crucial aspect of patient care. Fluid balance is affected by volume expansion, sepsis/shock states, cardiac and kidney failure and is present in ...the majority of patients. Similarly, in critically ill patients on diuretics, both excessive and inadequate diuresis can worsen outcomes.
Chest X-ray (CXR) and auscultation are poorly predictive of volume status, while bioimpedance and blood volume monitoring have limitations at the bedside 4. Inferior vena cava (IVC) diameter as measured by POCUS is a marker of intravascular volume that can provide a real-time assessment to guide diuresis.
The Reverse Falls Protocol combines lung and IVC US to enable the clinician to visualize, in real-time, the patient's intravascular and extravascular volume and to set diuresis goals. We present a series of cases where euvolemia was achieved using the principles described by O'Hara, Chabra & Ahmad's Reverse Falls Protocol.
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