Sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma (SNUC) is a rare tumor which is aggressive in nature, has a different clinical course in contrast to sinonasal carcinoma and poor prognosis. Here, we are ...reporting first case of isolated frontal SNUC which was managed by upfront surgery followed by adjuvant treatment. We want to emphasize the importance of early presentation and timely intervention in form of conservative surgery in this highly aggressive tumor.
Resection of primary in carcinoma tongue is challenging as the tumor often spreads submucosal and deep in muscles. There are various Intraoperative tools available to guide tumor resection margins. ...We studied the use of intraoperative ultrasound-guided resection for obtaining free deep resection margins in cases of oral carcinoma tongue. To assess the feasibility of resection of tongue tumor using intraoral ultrasound intraoperatively. 5 patients of oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma were included in this prospective pilot study. Intraoral ultrasound-guided resection of the primary tongue tumor was done. The surgeon moved the probe over the tumor and focussed on the point of maximum invasion by the tumor. A 26 G needle was passed in the tongue at a point that was 10 mm away from the deepest point of infiltration. It marked the deepest plane of resection. Following the above marking, a resection of tumor was done. Deep surgical resection margin was found to be >5 mm (free) in all the USG-guided surgically resected primary tongue tumors on histopathological examination. We have found intraoperative ultrasonography a useful tool for the surgical resection of primary tongue tumours.
Medullary thyroid carcinoma and papillary thyroid carcinoma are two distinct types of thyroid carcinoma having different cellular origin. The simultaneous occurrence of two distinct neoplasms termed ...“collision tumour” and it is a rare entity. Sometimes the medullary component does not show calcitonin positivity and hence this becomes a very rare entity. Herein we describe a very rare case of simultaneous occurrence of calcitonin negative medullary thyroid carcinoma and papillary thyroid carcinoma.
Basaloid neoplasms of the head and neck region pose a specific challenge both for clinicians and pathologists. It is a diverse group of neoplasms that include benign as well as malignant entities. ...These neoplasms can arise from various head and neck subsites such as skin, salivary gland, and sinonasal tract. Cytological diagnosis of these tumors is extremely difficult due to morphological overlap with other biphasic tumors and within the basaloid group itself. Here, we are presenting a case of basaloid neoplasm which turned out to be a basal cell adenocarcinoma of the left parotid gland on postoperative histopathological examination.Basaloid neoplasms of the head and neck region pose a specific challenge both for clinicians and pathologists. It is a diverse group of neoplasms that include benign as well as malignant entities. These neoplasms can arise from various head and neck subsites such as skin, salivary gland, and sinonasal tract. Cytological diagnosis of these tumors is extremely difficult due to morphological overlap with other biphasic tumors and within the basaloid group itself. Here, we are presenting a case of basaloid neoplasm which turned out to be a basal cell adenocarcinoma of the left parotid gland on postoperative histopathological examination.
As the demand for sustainable energy solutions rises, the development of energy-efficient technologies becomes imperative. Smart windows, incorporating thermochromic materials, emerge as promising ...contributors to reducing building energy consumption. Vanadium dioxide (VO
2
), known for its thermochromic properties, faces challenges in commercial application due to its limited visible light transmittance. This study addresses these challenges by utilizing quartz as a substrate and depositing VO
2
thin films using radio frequency sputtering. To enhance optical performance, a bilayer structure was created by integrating this single-layer film with SnO
2
. Room-temperature X-ray diffraction confirmed the single-phase growth of VO
2
on quartz, and XRD validated the proper fabrication of films. Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy at room temperature substantiated the improved transmittance of the SnO
2
/VO
2
bilayer, marking a significant advancement toward more efficient and commercially viable smart windows. This research highlights the potential of SnO
2
-based thin films in mitigating the visible light transmittance limitations of VO
2
, thus opening avenues for advanced smart window applications with enhanced energy-saving capabilities. Additionally, Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) was employed to compare the roughness of the films, and the impact of reduced roughness on optical transmittance was evaluated. The results contribute to the optimization of smart window technologies for broader sustainable energy applications.
India is the second-largest producer of paddy in the world, with an estimated annual production of 165 metric tons (MT) and about 10.8 MT of rice bran. Partially utilized agro-industrial residues, ...de-oiled rice bran (DORB) is an unexplored substrate for the production of industrial enzymes. The present study focused on producing and optimizing fungal cellulases and xylanase enzymes by
Aspergillus niger
VSRK09 under SSF conditions. The effect of physiological parameters was confirmed by one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT), followed by the RSM-based FCCCD method using statistical design. The enzyme-producing abilities of
A. niger
VSRK09 were improved using a hybrid statistical tool viz. artificial neural network incorporated with a multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA-ANN). This study revealed that the MOGA-based model resulted in an optimized enzyme activity, i.e., 24.8 FPU gds
−1
and 520 IU gds
−1
of cellulase and xylanase, respectively, at incubation time of 3.5 days, a substrate to moisture (SM) ratio of 1:1, and inoculum size of 3.0 × 10
6
spores mL
−1
. The validation performance of ANN indicates that the designed model is trained and tested with a minimum mean square error and inserted in MOGA, which produced the best-optimized results. Saccharification of DORB released 320.5 ± 8.75 (mg gds
−1
) of reducing sugar which was subsequently converted to bioethanol using
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
yielded 13.48 ± 1.21 g L
−1
ethanol.
Oral drug administration is the oldest and widely used method for drug administration. The objectives behind developing an oral drug delivery for the treatment of cancer are to achieve low cost ...treatment by utilizing novel techniques to target cancer through gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) and to enhance patient comfort and compliance through a hospital-free treatment leading to “Chemotherapy at Home.” Unfortunately, due to the physiological environment of the GIT and physicochemical properties of drug candidate, the efficacy of oral drug delivery methods is limited in the treatment of cancer. Due to their low hydrophilicity, high P-gp efflux and restricted intestinal permeability most of the anti-cancer drugs fail to achieve oral bioavailability. The review focuses on the efforts, challenges, opportunities and studies conducted by scientists worldwide on the oral administration of anticancer medications via nanocarriers such as liposomes, SLNs and dendrimers, because of their potential to overcome the epithelial barrier associated with GALT, as well as the applications of different polymers in targeting the cancer. The oral delivery can set newer horizons in cancer therapy to make it more patient friendly.
Graphical Abstract
Background: The use of synthetic bone substitute,b-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) as an osteo-conductive material and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) as an osteo-inductive material is the alternate ...strategies for replenishing bone loss. Thus, the present study was conducted to evaluate the bone healing efficacy of β-TCP and PRP combination in dogs with long bone fracture repaired with threaded intramedullary pinning. Methods: Fifteen dogs were selected, which were allotted to two groups irrespective of age, breed and sex. In six dogs of Group I intramedullary pinning was performed, while in nine dogs of Group II β-TCP and PRP was applied at fracture site after stabilising with intramedullary pin. Clinical and radiographic examinations were conducted preoperatively and postoperatively on 15th, 30th and 60th day. Result: The mean weight bearing and radiographic union scores were better in group II animals as compared to group I at different time intervals. The present findings suggest that β-TCP and PRP effectively enhances the bone healing in dogs with long bone fracture.
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