今回，われわれは心室期外収縮（premature ventricular contraction：PVC）後の心房ペーシングが自己のR波と重なることで生じる，心室の機能的アンダーセンシングに伴うT波上の心室ペーシング（Spike on T）を経験した．心室イベント後心房不応期（post ventricular atrial refractory ...period：PVARP）の延長は，逆行性室房伝導によるペースメーカ介在頻拍を防止することができる反面，最大追跡レートを制限してしまう．このため，PVCセンシング後のPVARPを1回のみ延長させる機能がある．このPVC後のPVARP自動延長アルゴリズムは，各メーカーによる機能に大差はない．しかし，延長されたPVARP内でP波をセンシングした後のペースメーカの反応はメーカーによって大きく異なり，その違いが今回のわれわれの経験したSpike on Tの要因の一つであることがわかった．PVC後の心房ペーシングが自己のR波と重なることで生ずるSpike on Tを回避するには，使用するデバイスのPVC反応の違いについて十分理解した上で，プログラムを行う必要性があると考えられた．
A new oxidative degradation method was developed for separating hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin from an oil palm shell waste, and for converting them into valuable chemicals. The method is ...basically a two-step process in which the shell pretreated in hot water at 180 °C was oxidized with 30%-H2O2 at 60 °C (first-stage oxidation) under ambient pressure with or without an Fe catalyst. To increase the product yield and selectivity, a second-stage oxidation of the water-soluble components obtained from the first-stage oxidation was also performed in the presence of the Fenton reagent at 25 °C. Through the hot water treatment, hemicellulose in the palm oil shell was successfully recovered as saccharides, leaving lignin and cellulose. Through the first-stage oxidation without the Fe catalyst lignin was converted to water-soluble compounds containing small molecular weight fatty acids such as HCOOH and CH3COOH, and almost pure cellulose was recovered in 22% of yield on carbon basis. After the second-stage oxidation, the yield of small molecular weight fatty acids reached 30 wt % on the oil palm shell basis. The proposed method was expected to be a new route for converting low grade resources into valuable chemicals.
Technology tradition, raw materials and securing a market are put up as a functions to be necessary for a continuation of the place of production of local industry. I examined a form of technology ...tradition, an acquisition form of raw wood and a form of circulation sale in recent years with the place of production for Kokeshi of Naruko/Togatta/Yajiro of Miyagi as an example by this study and clarified the characteristics. For a technology tradition, only a form of technology of “Family” continues to exist in some enterprises. However, parents tend to give advice to their children for other occupations, because financial difficulties continue in a lot of enterprises. For an acquisition of raw materials, there is no problem about especially limits of a quantity of a raw wood, because today they acquire a raw wood which has been used traditionally. However, there is a situation that they must limit a quantity of acquisition of a raw wood, because there is a shortage of a purchase fund for a raw wood because of financial difficulties in some enterprises. As for the product, each enterprise produces a traditional Kokeshi doll, a creation Kokeshi doll and a wooden toy. In particular, enterprises mainly produce a traditional Kokeshi, because its demand is much. For a form of circulation sale, there are some wholesale stores in the place of production for Kokeshi, but a business opportunity between enterprises and wholesale stores has been decreasing because of a demand decrease of a client of a wholesale store. In addition, a course to wholesale to retail stores reduces. Therefore, it is needed to develop a market in each enterprise, but there are a few enterprises which secure a stable market with their original management strategy.
Furazolidone (FZ), one of the nitrofuran fungicides, is used as a veterinary medicine in the Middle and Far Eastern countries. In this study, FZ (125 mg/kg) was administered orally to Wistar rats for ...3 days. Results of the Ames test using the S-9 fraction of rats treated with FZ showed a significant increase in the number of revertant colonies. Western blot analysis of hepatic CYP isozymes induced by FZ, revealed a remarkable induction of CYP1A1 apoprotein, but CYP1A2 and CYP2E1 apoproteins were not altered. In addition, the expression of CYP1A1 mRNA level in rats treated with FZ by RT-PCR was significantly enhanced by FZ treatment. We concluded that FZ is apparently mutagenic and induces transcription of the CYP1A1 isozyme, which metabolically activates numerous promutagens, in hepatocytes.
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