Apuntes para una bioética social Alonso Salas, Angel
Revista de filosofía (México),
12/2023, Letnik:
55, Številka:
155
Journal Article
Odprti dostop
En las siguientes líneas se comparte una reflexión sobre la importancia, el sen- tido y la vigencia que tiene la bioética social en nuestros días. Si bien es cierto que con frecuencia el término ...bioética se relaciona con cuestiones de problemas y dilemas de ética clínica al interior de hospitales, así como con la defensa de los animales no humanos y el medio ambiente, la bioética tiene una cuña de intervención social con grupos de personas vulneradas en sus derechos o que, por su condición, han sido socialmente invisibilizados. Por tal motivo, se pro- pone la inclusión de la bioética social como una herramienta de intervención educativa en sectores marginados o excluidos, y como mecanismo que permita el empoderamiento de las personas que pertenecen a estos grupos, a partir de los principios y nociones con los que trabaja la disciplina.
The aim of this research was to identify plant species with potential to accumulate and stabilize arsenic (As), lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) in mine tailings reforested and naturally recolonized ...locations in a semiarid region of Zacatecas, Mexico. Plant shoots from 44 species and their rhizospheric soils were analyzed for As, Pb and Cd concentration using atomic absorption spectroscopy. Most represented plant families were Asteraceae, Poaceae, Fabaceae and Cactaceae. The highest concentrations in shoots were As, followed by Pb and Cd. Among herbaceous species,
Bouteloua gracilis
showed the highest bioconcentration factor (BCF) of As, while
Plantago lanceolata
showed the highest bioconcentration factor of Pb. The shrub species with highest concentration of As in the rhizospheric soil were
Opuntia robusta
,
Melilotus alba
,
Baccharis neglecta
and
Arundo donax
(near BCF to 1.0). Similar results were observed in trees
Casuarina equisetifolia
,
Prosopis laevigata
,
Fraxinus uhdei
and
Eucalyptus globulus
. In addition,
Tillandsia recurvata
showed a suitable indicator of atmospheric deposition to As. In general, the results suggest that these species can be effective for tailings reforestation with the possibility to enclose potentially toxic elements. Specially,
C
.
equisetifolia
which is abundant, having the potential for future applications in other contaminated sites with different types of mine tailings or abandoned mines from arid and semiarid zones.
Se presenta una reflexión de la valía e importancia de los talleres de filosofía, inscritos en el Proyecto Boecio, que se han llevado a cabo en el Reclusorio Femenil de Santa Martha Acatitla. Se ...mencionarán los contenidos y aprendizajes de dichos talleres, los cuales han sido significativos para las personas privadas de su libertad, para sobrellevar su proceso judicial, y el sobrevivir su “encierro”, así como también, la manera en que sus familiares y amistades han sido beneficiados con dichos aprendizajes de sus seres queridos en reclusión, al brindarles herramientas para sobrellevar el estar “encerrados en casa” por la cuarentena del COVID-19
SARS-CoV-2 variants emerged in late 2020, and at least three variants of concern (B.1.1.7, B.1.351, and P1) have been reported by WHO. These variants have several substitutions in the spike protein ...that affect receptor binding; they exhibit increased transmissibility and may be associated with reduced vaccine effectiveness. In the present work, we report the identification of a potential variant of interest, harboring the mutations T478K, P681H, and T732A in the spike protein, within the newly named lineage B.1.1.519, that rapidly outcompeted the preexisting variants in Mexico and has been the dominant virus in the country during the first trimester of 2021.
A wide variety of modifiers have been applied to bitumen in order to enhance their properties and performance. Among them, polymers have been mainly used. The aim of this paper is to assess the use ...of polyurethane foam waste as a bitumen modifier for hot mix asphalts. The polyurethane foam is a by-product of the manufacturing of polyurethane for thermal insulation. From a bitumen with a penetration grade of 50/70, various samples with percentages of waste material in weight ranging from 1% to 5% were produced and tested. Samples with 5% of waste material or more became rough and were refused due to their poor workability. A bituminous mixture with modified bitumen with a 4% of polyurethane was manufactured and compared with a sample with the same aggregates and original bitumen. Results in Marshall test showed that a mix with polymer modified bitumen yielded improvements in stability and a lower deformability. This result suggests that the employment of polyurethane foam waste is a promising bitumen modifier, contributing also to recycle waste materials.
This research revalues broccoli stalk by-product as a novel fermented health food, using its autochthonous microbiota. Broccoli stalk slices were packed into glass jars, brine was added (6% w/v), and ...two dressings were studied: garlic, and mustard seeds. No dressing was used as control. Natural fermentation was carried out at 25 °C for 6 days followed by a further 6 days storage at 4 °C. The identification of individual glucosinolates and phenolic compounds was performed by LC-ESI-QqQ-MS/MS. At day 3, the highest content in functional compounds such as glucoerucin and indolic glucosinolates as glucobrassicin, 4-methoxy-glucobrassicin and 4-hidroxy-glucobrassicin, and phenolic acids and flavonoids as sinapic acid, 4-O-feruloyl quinic acid and quercetin-3-O-diglucoside was found. At day 6, the broccoli stalks reached the maximum counts in lactic acid bacteria (>8 log cfu g−1), remaining stable until day 12 at 4 °C, including as the main genera Lactobacillus and Leuconostoc. Metagenomic analysis identified 1009 bacteria genera; Latilactobacillus sakei was the most predominant lactic acid bacteria species, followed by Lactobacillus curvatus, Leuconostoc kimchi and Leuconostoc carnosum. This is an example of a vegan and functional food product, based on a circular economy model, using broccoli by-products.
•Fermented broccoli stalk provided a functional novel product.•This product is an example of revaluing by-products that promote a circular economy.•Latilactobacillus sakei subsp. carnosus is the principal LAB in fermented broccoli stalk.•Mustard dressing increases the nutritional value by its high content in phenolic compounds.•On day 3, fermented stalks showed a high content in functional compounds.
Fungi and oomycetes are important plant pathogens that constantly attacked plants, thus compromising the production of foods worldwide. Streptomyces strains might be useful to control fungal ...pathogens by different mechanism. The in vitro antagonistic activity of non-volatile and volatile metabolites from four Streptomyces strains was evaluated over cultures of phytopathogenic fungi and oomycetes. The non-volatile compounds from Streptomyces strains significantly reduced (44.2 to 92.1%) the growth of aerial mycelium of pathogens. The volatile compounds (VOCs) from Streptomyces strains reduced both aerial mycelium (22.5 to 96.7%) and mycelium growing inside of culture medium (0.0 - 9.4%). The pathogens maintained their capacity to grow normally in fresh culture medium without antagonists after confrontations with antagonist VOCs. The analysis of VOCs by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry revealed different kinds of VOCs included alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, esters, terpenes, terpenoids, thioethers, among others. The most abundant VOCs were trans-1,10-dimethyl-trans-9-decalol (geosmin), 2-methylisoborneol, 2-methyl-2-bornene, 1,4-dimethyladamantane, and 4-penten-1-ol, trifluoroacetate. The antipathogenic activity of nine pure VOCs that had been identified in cultures of the Streptomyces strains alone was evaluated in vitro against phytopathogenic fungi and oomycetes. Trans-2-hexenal was the most effective of these VOCs, inhibiting completely the growth of tested phytopathogens. The volatile and non-volatile compounds from Streptomyces strains effectively reduced the in vitro growth of phytopathogens and they might be used as biological control. Further studies are required to demonstrate this activity on open field conditions.
Fresh melons not meeting cosmetic standards were revaluated into sparkling melon-based wine. Firstly, still melon wine was elaborated and bottled into 750 mL bottles, closed with a crown seal, and ...stored for 10-weeks at 14 °C. The oenological parameters and polar compounds in must, still wine, and during the sparkling process were evaluated during the experiment. The volatile profile was qualified by GC-MS, and the odor activity value (OAV) and relative odor contribution (ROC) were measured for aroma characterization. Results show that sparkling wine resulted in 12%
/
ethanol. Certain amino acids contributed to the transformation and increase of volatile compounds via Ehrlich's pathway: leucine to isoamyl alcohol; valine to iso-butyl alcohol; and phenylalanine to phenethyl alcohol. The volatile compounds also increased after the first fermentation, principally in acetate and ethyl esters, and higher alcohols. Isoamyl acetate, ethyl decanoate, 3,6-nonadienyl acetate, and (E,Z)-nonadien-1-ol had the highest OAV and ROC values among the volatiles; this contributed to the sweet, fruity, banana, tropical, nutty and melon aroma in this sparkling wine. Sensory evaluation (100 to 40) was evaluated according to International Organisation of Vine and Wine compendium, the final product (10-week) scored 92 points, with great visual, nose, and taste values. This study demonstrates how by-products revalorization can provide new products such as this novel sparkling wine with a characteristic and distinctive aroma, good sensory acceptance and market potential.
One of the main characteristics of probiotics is their ability to stimulate and modulate the immune response regardless of their viability.
(Lc) can stimulate local and systemic immunity, in addition ...to the activation of macrophages at sites distant from the intestine. Activated macrophages limit the replication of intracellular protozoa, such as
, through the production of nitric oxide. The present study aimed to evaluate the protection generated by treatment with viable and non-viable Lc in the murine systemic toxoplasmosis model. CD1 male mice were treated with viable Lc (immunobiotic) and non-viable Lc (paraprobiotic), infected with tachyzoites of
RH strain. The reduction of the parasitic load, activation of peritoneal macrophages, inflammatory cytokines, and cell populations was evaluated at 7 days post-infection, in addition to the survival. The immunobiotic and paraprobiotic reduced the parasitic load, but only the immunobiotic increased the activation of peritoneal macrophages, and the production of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) while the paraprobiotic increased the production of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and T CD4
CD44
lymphocytes. Viable and non-viable Lc increases survival but does not prevent the death of animals. The results provide evidence about the remote immunological stimulation of viable and non-viable Lc in an in vivo parasitic model.
Trichoderma
spp
.
are common soil fungi used as biocontrol agents due to their capacity to produce antibiotics, induce systemic resistance in plants and parasitize phytopathogenic fungi of major ...agricultural importance. The present study investigated whether colonization of
Arabidopsis thaliana
seedlings by
Trichoderma atroviride
affected plant growth and development. Here it is shown that
T. atroviride
promotes growth in
Arabidopsis
. Moreover,
T. atroviride
produced indole compounds in liquid cultures. These results suggest that indoleacetic acid-related indoles (IAA-related indoles) produced by
T. atroviride
may have a stimulatory effect on plant growth. In addition, whether colonization of
Arabidopsis
roots by
T. atroviride
can induce systemic protection against foliar pathogens was tested.
Arabidopsis
roots inoculation with
T. atroviride
provided systemic protection to the leaves inoculated with bacterial and fungal pathogens. To investigate the possible pathway involved in the systemic resistance induced by
T. atroviride
, the expression profile of salicylic acid, jasmonic acid/ethylene, oxidative burst and camalexin related genes was assessed in
Arabidopsis
.
T. atroviride
induced an overlapped expression of defence-related genes of SA and JA/ET pathways, and of the gene involved in the synthesis of the antimicrobial phytoalexin, camalexin, both locally and systemically. This is the first report where colonization of
Arabidopsis
roots by
T. atroviride
induces the expression of SA and JA/ET pathways simultaneously to confer resistance against hemibiotrophic and necrotrophic phytopathogens. The beneficial effects induced by the inoculation of
Arabidopsis
roots with
T. atroviride
and the induction of the plant defence system suggest a molecular dialogue between these organisms.
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