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The article examines the prospects for increasing per capita consumption of goods in Russia based on comparison with consumption levels in other countries using cross-country robust regressions. ...The proposed approaches are different for goods of the agricultural and industrial sectors, which makes it possible to take into account the specifics of statistical data and the characteristics of consumption in these sectors. The estimates obtained in the work are interpreted as the scale of underconsumption of goods in the current configuration of the main factors influencing per capita consumption. These estimates are proposed to be interpreted as a possible increase in output, as well as an increase in imports from countries with which trade development is expected and with which Russia has a high trade surplus (primarily India and Turkey).
The properties of dihydroxycarbonate (malachite) and trihydroxynitrate of copper were studied in order to apply their ammonia solutions for the synthesis of copper-substituted ZSM-5 zeolites. Copper ...concentration and NH4OH/Cu2+ ratio in the solutions varied 1–12 g/l and 6–30, respectively. The parameters of Langmuir, Freundlich, Dubinin-Radushkevich, and Temkin isotherms revealed the favorability of the chosen conditions and the chemical nature of Cu(NH3)n2+ ions sorption by zeolite. For both copper salts, the sorption capacity of H-ZSM-5 for Cu2+ ions was higher in the solutions having NH4OH/Cu2+ = 6–10 compared to 30. To identify the synthesis and structure – activity relationship correlations, the ammonia solution and Cu-ZSM-5 samples were characterized by EPR, UV–visible spectroscopy, temperature-programmed reduction by hydrogen (H2-TPR). The calcined Cu-ZSM-5 samples produced at NH4OH/Cu2+ = 6–30 contained two types of the isolated Cu2+ ions (bare Cu2+ and Cu(OH)+), differing in their Redox properties. Their reducibility improved with an increase in the copper loading and with a decrease in NH4OH/Cu2+. At NH4OH/Cu2+ = 6–10, the samples additionally comprised the structures of Cu2+ ions with extra-lattice oxygen (ELO), which were formed due to hydrolysis of Cu(NH3)n(H2O)2+ to Cu(NH3)n(OH)+ and then to Cu(OH)2Cu2+. Cu2+–ELO structures possessed a greater ability to complete reduction than both types of isolated Cu2+ ions. Correlations with DeNOx properties in selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO by propane and ammonia are discussed.
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•Synthesis of ion-exchanged Cu-ZSM-5 using ammonia solutions of copper hydroxysalts.•NH4OH/Cu2+ in solution affect copper content and type of Cu-ions loaded in ZSM-5.•At NH4OH/Cu2+ = 30, there is 2 types of isolated Cu2+ ions differing in Redox.•At NH4OH/Cu2+ = 6–10, reducibility is improved due to Cu2+–ELO structures.•Cu2+–ELO structures enhance SCR NO performance compared with isolated Cu2+ ions.
The data systems for X-ray free-electron laser (FEL) experiments at the Linac coherent light source (LCLS) are described. These systems are designed to acquire and to reliably transport shot-by-shot ...data at a peak throughput of 5 GB/s to the offline data storage where experimental data and the relevant metadata are archived and made available for user analysis. The analysis and monitoring implementation (AMI) and Photon Science ANAlysis (psana) software packages are described. Psana is open source and freely available.
In this exciting era of “next-gen cytogenetics”, the use of novel molecular methods such as comparative genome hybridization and whole genome and whole exome sequencing becomes more and more common ...in clinics. This results in generation of large amounts of high-resolution patient-specific data and challenges the development of new approaches for interpretation of obtained information. Usually, interpretation of chromosomal rearrangements is focused on alterations of linear genome sequence, underestimating the role of spatial chromatin organization. In this article, we describe the main features of 3-dimentional genome organization, emphasizing their role in normal and pathological development. We highlight some tips to help physicians estimating the impact of chromosomal rearrangements on the patient phenotype. A separate section describes available tools that can be used to visualize and analyze human genome architecture.
The article focuses on development of a methodology for evaluating the function of lower limb veins of cosmonauts in microgravity. The whys and wherefores of the choice of occlusive plethysmography ...equipment and procedure are explained. Much place is given to arguments for the body and limb positioning during venous plethysmography before and after space fight. To minimize the gravity effect on venous blood flow, the body should be in the level position, with the shin aligned with the hydrodynamically indifferent point. Determining the type of occlusion test, occlusion adjustments, venous parameters of interest, and data processing procedure constitute the methodology.
The results of stochastic modeling of the influence of positive and negative intratermocline eddies (lenses) on the spatiotemporal structure of acoustic fields in the deep part of the Sea of Japan ...are presented. The lens shape was modeled by an ellipse. The lens center and the emitter were located on the axis of the underwater sound channel. The vertical distribution of the acoustic field inside the lens was studied at various ranges in front of the center, in the center and behind the center of the lens, as well as at ranges of 40 and 100 km. A negative lens focuses the ray paths on the axis of underwater sound channel at all ranges. A positive lens has a defocusing effect, yet with an increase in range it decreases significantly. The impulse response of the propagation channel was studied on the underwater acoustic channel axis at the ranges of 40 and 100 km. The maxima of impulse response during the passage of the sound emitter through the negative lens shift in time towards increasing, and when passing through the positive lens - towards decreasing with respect to the impulse response of the propagation channel in the absence of lenses.
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