Island species and habitats are particularly vulnerable to human disturbances, and anthropogenic changes are increasingly overwriting natural island biogeographic patterns. However, quantitative ...comparisons of how native and alien assemblages respond to human disturbances are scarce. Using data from 6,242 species of vertebrates, invertebrates and plants, from 7,718 sites on 81 islands, we model how land-use change, human population density and distance to the nearest road affect local assemblages of alien and native species on islands. We found that land-use change reduces both richness and abundance of native species, whereas the number and abundance of alien species are high in plantation forests and agricultural or urban sites. In contrast to the long-established pattern for native species (i.e., decline in species number with island isolation), more isolated islands have more alien species across most land uses than do less isolated islands. We show that alien species play a major role in the turnover of island assemblages: our models show that aliens outnumber natives among the species present at disturbed sites but absent from minimally-disturbed primary vegetation. Finally, we found a homogenization pattern for both native and alien assemblages across sites within most land uses. The declines of native species on islands in the face of human pressures, and the particular proneness to invasions of the more remote islands, highlight the need to reduce the intensity of human pressures on islands and to prevent the introduction and establishment of alien species.
Land use and related pressures have reduced local terrestrial biodiversity, but it is unclear how the magnitude of change relates to the recently proposed planetary boundary ("safe limit"). We ...estimate that land use and related pressures have already reduced local biodiversity intactness–the average proportion of natural biodiversity remaining in local ecosystems–beyond its recently proposed planetary boundary across 58.1% of the world's land surface, where 71.4% of the human population live. Biodiversity intactness within most biomes (especially grassland biomes), most biodiversity hotspots, and even some wilderness areas is inferred to be beyond the boundary. Such widespread transgression of safe limits suggests that biodiversity loss, if unchecked, will undermine efforts toward long-term sustainable development.
Few biodiversity indicators are available that reflect the state of broad-sense biodiversity-rather than of particular taxa-at fine spatial and temporal resolution. One such indicator, the ...Biodiversity Intactness Index (BII), estimates how the average abundance of the native terrestrial species in a region compares with their abundances in the absence of pronounced human impacts. We produced annual maps of modelled BII at 30-arc-second resolution (roughly 1 km at the equator) across tropical and subtropical forested biomes, by combining annual data on land use, human population density and road networks, and statistical models of how these variables affect overall abundance and compositional similarity of plants, fungi, invertebrates and vertebrates. Across tropical and subtropical biomes, BII fell by an average of 1.9 percentage points between 2001 and 2012, with 81 countries seeing an average reduction and 43 an average increase; the extent of primary forest fell by 3.9% over the same period. We did not find strong relationships between changes in BII and countries' rates of economic growth over the same period; however, limitations in mapping BII in plantation forests may hinder our ability to identify these relationships. This is the first time temporal change in BII has been estimated across such a large region.
De acuerdo con la investigación realizada por nuestro equipo, hemos podido identificar situaciones que preocupan a los padres de nuestro segmento de análisis; padres de familia con hijos entre 3 a 10 ...años del sector socioeconómico A y B de Lima metropolitana. La practicidad de los medios digitales que interfieren en un óptimo crecimiento de sus hijos, la falta de comunicación efectiva y la generación de hábitos poco saludables para ellos. Adicionalmente, se debe mencionar que la pandemia ocasionada por el Covid – 19 ha alterado la vida familiar cerrando las escuelas para los niños y creando un estilo de trabajo remoto desde casa para los padres. Es por este motivo que un grupo de estudiantes de la Facultad de Negocios de la Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas ha visto oportuna la creación de Galletea, un modelo de negocio que busca llegar a los niños, desarrollando el lado creativo y motivando su aprendizaje e imaginación, compartiendo momentos de creatividad y momentos en familia. Todo esto basándose en un análisis previo del modelo de negocio, centrándose en los resultados del plan financiero el cual indica con determinación de que este proyecto tiene la capacidad de generar efectivo lo cual le permitirá tener un panorama de rentabilidad positiva tanto para el proyecto en si como generadora de valor y también para los inversionistas.
According to the research conducted by our team, we have been able to identify situations that concern the parents of our analysis segment; parents with children between 3 and 10 years of age in the socio-economic sector A and B of metropolitan Lima. The practicality of digital media that interferes with optimal growth of their children, the lack of effective communication and the generation of unhealthy habits for them. In addition, it should be mentioned that the pandemic caused by the Covid – 19 has altered family life by closing schools for children and creating a remote work style from home for parents. It’s for this reason that a group of students from the Faculty of Business of the Peruvian University of Applied Sciences has seen the creation of Galletea, a business model that seeks to reach children, developing the creative side and motivating their learning and imagination, sharing moments of creativity and moments as a family. All these factors based on a previous analysis of the business model, focusing on the results of the financial plan, which indicates with right determination that this project has the capacity to generate cash which will allow it to have a positive profitability outlook for both the project itself, as a generator of value and also for shareholders.
Trabajo de investigación
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