Two agro-industrial co-products, brewers' spent grain and wheat bran, were fractionated by sequentially extracting with alkali of increasing strength. Over 60% of the brewers' grain biomass was ...solubilised by these treatments, compared with only 25% for wheat bran. The carbohydrate and phenolic composition of the solubilised fractions were determined, highlighting two compositionally different sets of fractions. In both co-products arabinoxylan was the main polysaccharide released. The degree of arabinose substitution of the extracted arabinoxylan diminished as the alkali strength increased. Insoluble residues contained both cellulose and non-cellulosic polysaccharides. In spent grain, the composition of the arabinoxylan in the residue was similar to that of the starting material. In wheat bran, the residual xylan was very highly substituted with arabinose. Both ferulic acid and three forms of diferulic acid (5,5′, 8-
O-4′ and 8,5′) were present in the solubilised material, even after treatment with 4
M KOH. Esterified acetate was also present on polymers solubilised with KOH at concentrations up to 1
M. The more soluble fractions of spent grain represented a heterogeneous aggregation of feruloylated arabinoxylans with a broad molecular mass range, but the fractions extracted with stronger base were separated into low molecular weight moieties, presumably due to cleavage of covalent cross-links. Potential food and non-food uses for the isolated fractions from the cereal co-products are discussed.
Temperature monitoring is essential in several industries driving the need for sensors. Chipless RFID technology has emerged as a cost-effective solution, enabling wireless detection without the need ...for a power supply or electronics embedded in the sensor tags. However, a significant challenge lies in wirelessly monitoring temperature within liquid environments using chipless RFID tags as resonances vanish due to energy absorption in liquids. This work presents a chipless RFID sensor for wireless detection of oil temperature in a glass container. The temperature monitoring is based on the characterization of the permittivity of oil samples with different concentrations of total polar compounds (TPC). After evaluating two chipless RFID tag designs, we propose to use a complementary ring resonator (CRR) tag as it exhibits a robust response to oil liquid volume, improving the detection of temperature in low-loss liquids and offering higher sensitivity. When the measurement results are coupled with machine learning, we demonstrate that the response of the proposed tag as a wireless sensor can be used to estimate the temperature of oil samples with different quality (TPC) with an average test RMSE of 4 °C(standard deviation < 2 °C), in the approximate range 22 °C to 95 °C.
A commercial casein hydrolysate, which contains peptides RYLGY and AYFYPEL as active molecules, has shown antihypertensive effects after acute and long-term administration. This study examines ...transepithelial absorption of RYLGY and AYFYPEL and derived digestion fragments using Caco-2, HT29-MTX⁻⁶ and co-culture 75 % Caco-2/25 % HT29-MTX⁻⁶ as predictive models and RP-HPLC–MS as analytical tool. Peptides RYLGY and AYFYPEL were absorbed intact through cell monolayers, although RYLGY was partly hydrolyzed by intestinal peptidases. Co-culture 75 % Caco-2/25 % HT29-MTX⁻⁶ exhibited intermediate properties, with regard to transepithelial electrical resistance, peptide hydrolysis, and absorption of the studied peptides, between Caco-2 and HT29-MTX⁻⁶ pure cultures. Interestingly, mucus layer that covered completely HT29-MTX⁻⁶ and co-culture monolayers was not a barrier for the absorption of the studied peptides. The apparent permeability values for absorptive transport across Caco-2 monolayers for RYLGY (0.22 × 10⁻⁶ cm/s) and AYFYPEL (0.26 × 10⁻⁶ cm/s) were similar. These findings highlight that in vivo absorption of antihypertensive peptides RYLGY and AYFYPEL may occur partially as intact peptides.
The aim of this paper is to examine the potential of inkjet printing technology for the fabrication of Near Field Communication (NFC) coil antennas. As inkjet printing technology enables deposition ...of a different number of layers, an accurate adjustment of the printed conductive tracks thickness is possible. As a consequence, input resistance and Q factor can be finely tuned as long as skin depth is not surpassed while keeping the same inductance levels. This allows the removal of the typical damping resistance present in current NFC inductors. A general methodology including design, simulation, fabrication, and measurement is presented for rectangular, planar-spiral inductors working at 13.56 MHz. Analytical formulas, computed numerical models, and measured results for antenna input impedance are compared. Reflection coefficient is designated as a figure of merit to analyze the correlation among them, which is found to be below −10 dB. The obtained results demonstrate the suitability of this technology in the fabrication of low cost, environmentally friendly NFC coils on flexible substrates.
Background and importanceTofacitinib and baricitinib were recently approved for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treatment. This was a breakthrough because of their oral administration and new mechanism of ...action.Aim and objectivesTo analyse tofacitinib and baricitinib treatment for RA and adverse effects (AE) after starting treatment in a second level hospital.Material and methodsA retrospective observational study was conducted in all patients starting baricitinib and tofacitinib treatment until September 2019. The collected variables were sex, age, previous disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARD) and biological treatments, and AEs detected (through review of electronic medical history).ResultsForty-seven patients were included (12.8% men; mean age 57±12.6 years). Twenty-six (53.2%) received baricitinib. All patients had been previously treated with any DMARD. Twenty-six (55.3%) patients had received any biologic agent, and the average number of previous biological treatments was 1.7. Twenty-four AEs were detected in 15 different patients (31.9%). Eight patients with baricitinib (30.8%) presented any of the following AEs: upper respiratory tract infection (4), fatigue (2), changes in blood pressure (2), skin and mucous lesions (2), oesophageal candidiasis (1), headache (1), anxiety (1), arthralgia (1) and hair loss (1). Six patients treated with tofacitinib (28.6%) presented any AEs: headache (2), fatigue (2), respiratory infection (1), herpes infection (1), joint swelling (1) changes in blood pressure (1), pruritus (1), insomnia (1) and blurred vision (1).In two cases, baricitinib was suspended for no clinical improvement, and in four cases for AEs (two for skin and mucous lesions, one for hair loss and fatigue, and other for fatigue). Tofacitinib was suspended for inefficacy in four cases and one AE (insomnia), leading to a dose reduction in one patient.Conclusion and relevanceThe population that started RA treatment with tofacitinib and baricitinib in our hospital were mostly middle aged women with at least one previous treatment with DMARD. More than half of the patients had received some biologic previously. In spite of the limitations of this study (probable underestimation of AEs because they were not always recorded on the clinal history), tofacitinib and baricitinib showed an acceptable profile of adverse reactions, similar to those described on both technical data sheets.References and/or acknowledgementsNo conflict of interest.
Effect of protrusions in HVDC cables Gutierrez, S.; Sancho, I.; Fontan, L. ...
IEEE transactions on dielectrics and electrical insulation,
10/2012, Letnik:
19, Številka:
5
Journal Article
Recenzirano
This paper presents an analysis to determine the effect of the stress enhancement factor due to the presence of protrusions in the semiconductor shields of HVDC cables. The theoretical analysis of ...the electric field containing protrusions is based on a harmonic solution for the electric field for spherical and spheroidal protrusions. HVDC analysis takes into account the additional space charge accumulation due to the presence of protrusions.
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•Bioallethrin degradation was studied by photo-Fenton and modified photo-Fenton processes.•Bioallethrin is degraded by photo-Fenton in water, acetonitrile/water mixture and in aqueous ...solution of β-cyclodextrin.•The association constant of Bioallethrin to β-cyclodextrin was measured to be 1933 ± 300 M−1.•The degradation rate of Bioallethrin by photo-Fenton is similar in water than in an aqueous solution of β-cyclodextrin.
Bioallethrin (Bio) is an insecticide that chemically and functionally belongs to the family of the synthetic insecticides named pyrethroids. In this work the degradation of Bio is studied by the photo-Fenton and photo-Fenton-modified processes. The first one produces the complete mineralization of Bio in less than one hour of irradiation. However, due to the low solubility of Bio in water, different modifications of the photo-Fenton process were tested. First, the photo-Fenton process was carried out in mixtures of different acetonitrile/water proportions. Although acetonitrile deactivates the hydroxyl radical, the main oxidizing agent in the photo-Fenton process, a Bio degradation greater than 90% is achieved in 80 min of reaction. Second, degradation of Bio was evaluated by photo-Fenton in a medium with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD), where the Bio solubility could be increased at least thirty-five times. The association constant of Bio to β-CD was measured to be 1933 ± 300 M−1 and molecular simulation results indicate a 1:1 inclusion complex stabilized by the formation of intermolecular H-bonds. The Bio degradation rate in this medium was similar to that observed in aqueous media. The use of β-CD presents a friendly alternative to the environment for the degradation of the pyrethroid insecticide.
We studied effects of phosphogypsum (PG) rates ranging from 1.4 to 84.2 Mg ha-1 applied to the Ap horizon of a plinthic Palexerult on the ionic composition of the soil solution, as well as their ...impact on biomass production in wheat Triticum aestivum (L.), cv. Jabato. Similar soil samples were treated with highly pure gypsum (G) or the industrial byproduct red gypsum (RG) at rates equivalent to PG applications of 4.2 and 33.7 Mg ha-1 for comparison with the action of PG. All treatments increased the Ca, Mg, K, Na, and SO4 concentrations to the same extent; however, RG at high rates (30.6 Mg ha-1) raised the Na and Mg concentrations more markedly than did the other two amendments. Phosphogypsum provided the greatest increases in F, Al, and Si, the last two as a result of the corrosive effects of F on soil silicates; the increases were all proportional to the applied PG rate, and as a result, the higher PG rates increased the activities of all Al ionic species relative to G, RG, and the control. Application of G and RG at rates equivalent to PG applications of 4.2 and 33.7 Mg ha-1 increased biomass production compared with the control. Phosphogypsum increased biomass production at lower rates (0-16.8 Mg.ha-1), but biomass was virtually zero at rates above 67.3 Mg ha-1. The highest PG rates increased plant Al and F contents, the last reaching toxic levels for cattle.
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