This case study presents the efforts of three high school teachers to design and implement climate change lessons in alignment with the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS). Using three ...conceptual frameworks that organize the assumptions of the environment in the NGSS we examine how those assumptions influence teacher practice when teachers strive to align with the standards. Video recorded instruction of eight climate change-anchored lessons spanning three consecutive years were thematically coded. Results indicate that the problematic aspects of the NGSS's characterization of climate change can help explain the framing of environmental issues and the compartmentalization of humans relative to the climate science in teachers' lesson plans and instruction. The NGSS promulgate disconnected agency which appears in teacher and student talk in classrooms. Our analysis reveals opportunities to use standards to design interventions for classroom practice to support diverse students in countering the assumptions about the human-environment relationship embodied in the NGSS.
The High-Altitude Water Cherenkov observatory is a ground-based array designed to study energetic gamma-rays. Experiments with this purpose have to face a huge rate of undesired hadronic background. ...Motivated by the fact that muon content is quite different in gamma-induced (poor in muons) and hadronic-induced (rich in muons) air-showers, we study the idea of formulating a new variable for background reduction related with counting the number of muons candidates present in such showers. Therefore, in this work we used the time differences between photomultipliers tubes to identify the signature of muons inside the water Cherenkov detectors. Showers with a high presence of muons typically must produce a characteristic time difference around 5 ns among the central detector (PMT_C) and each one of the laterals (PMT: A, B, D).
Exposures to geohelminths during gestation or early childhood may reduce risk of wheezing illness/asthma and atopy during childhood in tropical regions.
To investigate the effect of maternal and ...early childhood geohelminths on development of wheeze/asthma and atopy during the first 5 years of life.
A cohort of 2,404 neonates was followed to 5 years of age in a rural district in coastal Ecuador. Data on wheeze were collected by questionnaire and atopy was measured by allergen skin prick test reactivity to 10 allergens at 5 years. Stool samples from mothers and children were examined for geohelminths by microscopy.
A total of 2,090 (86.9%) children were evaluated at 5 years. Geohelminths were observed in 45.5% of mothers and in 34.1% of children by 3 years. Wheeze and asthma were reported for 12.6% and 5.7% of children, respectively, whereas 14.0% had skin test reactivity at 5 years. Maternal geohelminths were associated with an increased risk of wheeze (adjusted odds ratio, 1.41; 95% confidence interval, 1.06-1.88), whereas childhood geohelminths over the first 3 years of life were associated with reduced risk of wheeze (adjusted odds ratio, 0.70; 95% confidence interval, 0.52-0.96) and asthma (adjusted odds ratio, 0.60; 95% confidence interval, 0.38-0.94) but not skin prick test reactivity. The effects on wheeze/asthma were greatest with later age of first infection, were observed only in skin test-negative children, but were not associated with parasite burden or specific geohelminths.
Although maternal exposures to geohelminths may increase childhood wheeze, childhood geohelminths during the first 3 years may provide protection through a nonallergic mechanism. Registered as an observational study (ISRCTN41239086).
Waxy crude oils subjected to low temperature conditions in ultra-deep water environment for a long enough time start a crystallization process and exhibit a transition to a gel state. Flow assurance ...is greatly affected by this process. In most cases, this oil has a significant volume fraction composed of water. Hence, it is not uncommon that stable water-in-oil (w/o) emulsions are formed and they co-exist with the paraffinic structure of the waxy oil. The present work analyzes how the volume and dispersion of the droplets in the w/o emulsion influences the rheological properties of the oil when compared with its dry version. In the case of dry oils, the reference for w/o emulsions, we found that the initial temperature of the cooling process affects the yield stress of the material at the final temperature even when Ti is far above the wax appearance temperature. In addition, there is an inversion of the tendency of the growth of the yield stress when Ti is increased. For high values of the cooling rate, we found a second critical stress, besides the yield stress, where a secondary level of structure breaks down. The results concerning the emulsion effects on the yielding behavior of the tested waxy crude oils revealed that small drop emulsions can increase significantly the yield stress. While the typical increase with the volume of water cut was found for large drop emulsions (emulsions with more than 10% of water cut) an even higher level of the yield stress was found for emulsions with less than 5% of water cut. The competition between number of crystal nuclei and size of final crystals have encounter favorable conditions in the case of small drop emulsion. This result is probably related to the fact that the number of initial nucleation points and the distribution of drops in the small-drops emulsions are such that the mean distance between drops are more likely to be covered by the final typical length achieved by the crystals in the cooling process.
The first synthetic approach to hitherto unknown 3‐aryl‐5‐dichloromethyl‐Δ2‐1,2,4‐oxadiazolines, of synthetic and biological interest, has been developed involving high‐yield reactions between ...N‐(2,2‐dichlorovinyl)benzimidoyl chlorides and hydroxylamine. The molecular structure of one member of this new family of compounds—5‐dichloromethyl‐3‐(4‐fluorophenyl)‐1,2,4‐oxadiazoline—has been determined by X‐ray crystallography. Density functional theory calculations supporting the proposed reaction pathway for the formation of these products have been carried out.
Research has addressed what instructional conditions may inhibit or promote scientific argumentation. Little research, however, has paid attention to interpersonal factors that influence ...collaborative argumentation. The present study examines the ways interpersonal factors affected group dynamics, which influence the features of collaborative argumentation among three groups of students of different ability as they collaborated to explain a complex scientific question. We transcribed and coded videotapes of three groups of 7th grade students while they performed an online science investigation and explanation. Methods included contextual analysis, discourse mapping, and qualitative case comparison. The results suggested that the clear goal of task completion allowed a single member to dominate group discussions, which prevented substantive argumentation. Students were mainly concerned about task identification and talked less about the meaning of their data. Our analyses suggest that social conflict may promote more substantive argumentation. We discuss ways to support more sustained argumentation during collaboration.
Mosaic genetic mutations may be somatic, germline, or "gonosomal" and have the potential to cause genetic syndromes, disorders, or malformations. Mutations can occur at any point in embryonic ...development and the timing determines the extent of distribution of the mutation throughout the body and different tissue types. The eye and visual pathway offer a unique opportunity to study somatic and gonosomal mosaic mutations as the eye consists of tissues derived from all three germ layers allowing disease pathology to be assessed with noninvasive imaging. In this review, we describe systemic and ocular manifestations in a child with mosaic Coffin-Siris syndrome. The patient presented with a significant medical history of accommodative esotropia and hyperopia, macrocephaly, polydactyly, global developmental delay, hypotonia, ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) obstruction, and brain MRI abnormalities. The ophthalmic findings in this patient were nonspecific, however, they are consistent with ocular manifestations reported in other patients with Coffin-Siris syndrome. We also review ophthalmic findings of select mosaic chromosomal and single-gene disorders. Ophthalmic assessment alongside clinical genetic testing may play an important role in diagnosis of genetic syndromes as well as understanding disease pathology, particularly when mosaicism plays a role.
Objectives:
Mental health problems such as anxiety and depression have been steadily rising among university students in the Philippines. While there exists literature determining students’ quality ...of life and health access behaviour, there remains a substantial gap in having a local framework with which to understand their vulnerabilities. In this paper, we aim to identify the socio-cultural factors that exacerbate the challenges that Filipino university students navigate in their attainment of well-being.
Design:
The study used an exploratory qualitative design.
Setting:
Data were collected from university students attending a private higher education institution in Manila, the Philippines.
Method:
Using a cultural epidemiological approach and a qualitative design, semi-structured interviews were conducted online with 60 university-level students. Interviews were recorded, transcribed and translated into English. Data were open coded and thematically analysed.
Results:
The lived experience of 60 university students revealed that factors including volatile household dynamics, intergenerational misunderstanding of mental illness, stressful academic engagement and religious associations contributed to the individual framing of their conditions, which ranged from self-stigma to self-prescribed isolation. Various experiences linked to the Filipino value of pagdamay (sharing the burden) significantly aided students’ management of their conditions.
Conclusion:
Drawing on the narratives elicited, a community-based approach using the university as the core for intervention delivery is proposed that may positively impact on students’ mental health seeking behaviour.
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