Meningitis confirmation in Burkina Faso uses PCR for detecting Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, or Hemophilus influenzae. We identified 38 cases of meningitis among 590 that were ...PCR-positive for 3 nonpneumococcal streptococcal pathogens, including 21 cases of Streptococcus suis. Among the country's 13 regions, 10 had S. suis-positive cases.
During January 28-May 5, 2019, a meningitis outbreak caused by Neisseria meningitidis serogroup C (NmC) occurred in Burkina Faso. Demographic and laboratory data for meningitis cases were collected ...through national case-based surveillance. Cerebrospinal fluid was collected and tested by culture and real-time PCR. Among 301 suspected cases reported in 6 districts, N. meningitidis was the primary pathogen detected; 103 cases were serogroup C and 13 were serogroup X. Whole-genome sequencing revealed that 18 cerebrospinal fluid specimens tested positive for NmC sequence type (ST) 10217 within clonal complex 10217, an ST responsible for large epidemics in Niger and Nigeria. Expansion of NmC ST10217 into Burkina Faso, continued NmC outbreaks in the meningitis belt of Africa since 2019, and ongoing circulation of N. meningitidis serogroup X in the region underscore the urgent need to use multivalent conjugate vaccines in regional mass vaccination campaigns to reduce further spread of those serogroups.
Background and Aim: Houseflies (Musca domestica) are synanthropic insects that are vectors of a wide range of multidrug-resistant pathogens responsible for infectious diseases. The aim of this study ...was to detect and characterize multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae carried by houseflies in Bobo-Dioulasso.
Materials and Methods: A total of 500 houseflies were captured in hospital and non-hospital environments in the city of Bobo-Dioulasso. For bacteriological analysis, they were divided into 125 batches of five flies each. Multidrug-resistant bacteria isolated on MacConkey agar supplemented with 4 μg/mL cefotaxime were identified on the basis of biochemical characteristics. Antibiotic susceptibility profiles were determined using the agar diffusion method. blaCTX-M resistance genes and quinolone resistance genes (plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance) were detected by conventional polymerase chain reaction.
Results: Among 115 bacterial strains obtained, 26 were extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing enterobacteria: Escherichia coli (15), Klebsiella pneumoniae (6), Enterobacter cloacae (4), and Morganella morganii (1). Carriers were statistically more important in hospitals (12/26, p = 0.03). No carbapenem-resistance strains were observed. We identified ESBL resistance genes (Cefotaximase Munich; CTX-M group 1) (25/26) and quinolone resistance genes (QnrS) (6/26).
Conclusion: Houseflies in the city of Bobo-Dioulasso are vectors for the transmission of multidrug-resistant enterobacteria. There is a need to monitor the associated risks for public health.
Keywords: Bobo-Dioulasso, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase, Gram-negative bacilli, housefly, multiresistant Enterobacteriaceae.
In Burkina Faso, very little is known about the quality of life of persons living with HIV through their routine follow- up. This study aimed to assess the quality of life of persons living with HIV, ...and its change over a 1-year period.
Four hundred and twenty four (424) persons living with HIV were monitored during twelve (12) months from September 2012 to September 2013 in Ouagadougou, the capital city of Burkina Faso. Three interviews were conducted in order to assess the quality of life of patients and its change over time, using the World Health Organization Quality of Life assessment brief scale in patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus infection (WHOQOL HIV-BREF). The Friedman test was used to assess significant differences in quantitative variables at each of the three follow-up interviews. Groups at baseline, at 6 months and at 12 months were compared using Wilcoxon signed rank test for quantitative data and McNemar test for qualitative variables. Pearson Chi(2) was used when needed. Multivariable logistic regression models were fit to estimate adjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Trends in global quality of life score and subgroups (status related to Highly Active Anti Retroviral Treatment (HAART) using univariate repeated measures analysis of variance were assessed. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered significant.
At baseline, quality of life scores were highest in the domain of spirituality, religion and personal beliefs (SRPB) and lowest in the environmental domain. This trend was maintained during the 12-month follow-up. The global score increased significantly from the beginning up to the twelfth month of follow-up. Over the 12 months, the baseline factors that were likely to predict an increase in the global quality of life score were: not having support from relatives for medical care (P = 0.04), being under HAART (P = 0.001), being self-perceived as healthy (P = 0.03), and having a global quality of life score under 77 (P < 0.001).
Our findings suggest the need to promote interventions to empower people living with HIV/AIDS through income generating activities. Such activities will enhance the quality of life of persons living with HIV in Burkina Faso. This could focus mostly on treatment-naïve HIV patients, lacking support from relatives and those who perceive themselves as ill.
Occult hepatitis B infection (OBI) is a public health problem in Burkina Faso. OBI represents a risk factor for the development of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). OBI could be due to ...mutant viruses undetectable by HBsAg assays or a strong suppression of viral replication and gene expression under the pression of the host immune system. To investigate the role of killer cell immunoglobulin‑like receptor (KIR) gene polymorphisms in patients with OBI in Burkina Faso compared to healthy and chronic hepatitis B subjects. A total of 286 participants was recruited, including 42 cases of OBI, 110 cases of chronic hepatitis B and 134 HBV negative subjects. SSP‑PCR was performed to search for the presence of KIR genes. The HBV viral load was determined by qPCR. The frequencies of the activator gene KIR2DS5 (P=0.045) and the pseudogene KIR2DP1 (P0.001) in patients with OBI were higher than those in patients with chronic hepatitis B. These genes are associated with susceptibility of occult hepatitis B infection. The frequencies of the inhibitory KIR gene KIR2DL3 (P=0.01) of patients with occult hepatitis B were lower than those in chronic hepatitis B patients. This gene KIR2DL3 is associated with protection against occult hepatitis B infection. Also, the frequencies of the inhibitory KIR genes KIR2DL2 (P0.001), KIR2DL3 (P0.001) and activators KIR2DS2 (P0.001) in chronic hepatitis B patients were higher compared to the frequencies of the KIR genes in healthy subjects. These genes KIR2DL3, KIR2DL5 (A, B), KIR3DL3, KIR3DS1, KIR2DL2 and KIR2DS2 are thought to be genes associated with the susceptibility to OBI. The KIR2DS5 and KIR2DP1 genes could be associated with susceptibility to OBI. As for the KIR gene KIR2DL3 could be associated with protection against occult hepatitis B infection.
<正>Objective:To evaluate the prevalence of toxoplasmosis and rubella among pregnant women at Ouagadougou in Burkina Faso.Methods:All patient sera were tested for rubella and toxoplasmosis ...anti-IgG using commercial ELISA kits(PlateliaTMRubella IgG and Platelia? Toxo IgG).The presence of anti-rubella and anti-toxoplasmosis tgM in serum samples was tested using commercial ELISA kits Platelia Rubella TgM and Platelia Toxo IgM.Results:Among all the pregnant women tested for toxoplasmosis and rubella,their prevalence were 20.3% and 77.0%,respectively.Pregnant women in the age group of 18-25 years showed the highest frequency of anti-toxoplasmosis（34.5%） and anti-rubella IgG（84.6%）.The prevalence of anti-toxoplasma and anti-rubella IgG decreased between 2006 and 2008 from 32.7%to 12.1%and 84.6% to 65.0%,respectively.There was no significant association between age and the mean titer of anti-toxoplasmosis IgG among pregnant women.Conclusions:The diagnosis of toxoplasmosis and rubella is necessary in pregnant women in Burkina Faso because of the low immunization coverage rate of rubella and the high level of exposure to these two infections which can be harmful to the newborn if contracted by women before the third trimester of pregnancy.
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotype E (HBV‐E) accounts for the majority of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infections in West Africa. We aimed to determine factors associated with HBV‐E‐induced hepatocellular ...carcinoma (HCC) in West Africa. Data on patients from Burkina Faso who were hepatitis B surface antigen positive (HBsAg+) and had CHB were analyzed. HBV viral load and hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) status were measured in 3,885 individuals with CHB without HCC (CHB HCC−) and 59 individuals with CHB with HCC (CHB HCC+). HBV genotyping was performed for 364 subjects with CHB HCC− and 41 subjects with CHB HCC+. Overall, 2.5% of the CHB HCC− group was HBeAg+ compared with 0% of the CHB HCC+ group. Of the 364 patients who were CHB HCC− with available genotyping, the frequencies of HBV genotypes E and C/E were 70.3% and 12.9%, respectively. Age (odds ratio OR for older age, 1.08; 95% confidence interval CI, 1.06‐1.10 per 1‐year increase in age), male sex (OR, 2.03; 95% CI, 1.11‐3.69), and HBV viremia (OR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.31‐1.67 per 1 log10 IU/mL) were each associated with HCC diagnosis. Patients with genotype E had a lower HBeAg prevalence (6.3% vs. 14.9%), lower HBV viral load, and higher prevalence of cirrhosis (14.5% vs. 4.8%) than patients with genotype C/E. Conclusion: HBV‐E is the most common circulating strain (70.3%) in West African patients. HCC was associated with older age, male sex, and high HBV viral load. It is expected that these results will further inform guidance on clinical management of HBV infection in West Africa.
In most developing countries, Cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein Barr virus (EBV) and Herpes virus 6 (HHV-6) are not diagnosed in blood donors. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of ...these viruses in blood donors from the city of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
The study included 198 blood donors of the Regional Blood Transfusion Centre of Ouagadougou. Multiplex real time PCR was used to diagnose the three viruses. Statistical analysis was performed with the software EpiInfo version 6 and SPSS version 17. P values ≤ 0.05 were considered significant.
Of 198 samples tested, 18 (9.1%) were positive to at least one of the three viruses. In fact, 10 (5.1%) were positive for EBV, 10 (5.1%) positive for CMV and 12 (6.1%) positive for HHV-6. Viral infections were higher in women than in men, EBV (8,6% versus 4.3%), CMV (8.6% versus 3.7%) and HHV-6 (11.4% versus 4.9%). EBV / CMV / HHV-6 co-infection was found in 3.5% (7/198) of blood donors.
The prevalence recorded in this study is low compared to those found in previous studies from the sub-region among blood donors. The molecular diagnostic test used in our study could explain the differences with previous studies.
INTRODUCTION: La péritonite communautaire est une urgence chirurgicale récurrente chez l'adulte qui constitue une préoccupation majeure pour le chirurgien et l'anesthésiste-réanimateur dans sa prise ...en charge. L'objectif de cette étude était d'établir non seulement le profil bactériologique des péritoniques communautaires opérées dans le service de chirurgie générale et digestive du CHU-YO mais aussi d'évaluer la sensibilité aux antibiotiques des souches bactériennes isolées à partir de ces dernières. METHODES: Cent six (106) patients ont été recrutés dans cette étude et des prélèvements bactériologiques préopératoires ont été effectués dont 63 se sont révélés positifs. RESULTATS: Sur les 63 prélèvements positifs, 78 germes ont été isolés soit une moyenne de 1,2 germe par échantillon. Escherichia coli été le germe le plus fréquemment isolé (33,3%), suivi des anaérobies (11,5%), Streptococcus sp (9%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (6,4%) et Staphylococcus sp (5,1%). Les antibiotiques les plus efficaces sur les bactéries identifiées dans les péritonites communautaires étaient respectivement l'imipenème (100%), la colistine (100%), la céftriaxone (100%), et la ciprofloxacine (65,4%). CONCLUSION: Le profil de sensibilité des bactéries identifiées dans les principales péritonites communautaires aux antibiotiques montre une augmentation inquiétante du nombre de souches résistantes, notamment à l'association amoxicilline/acide clavulanique.
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