Adverse drug reactions (ADR) challenge successful anti-tuberculosis treatment (ATT). The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of ATT-associated ADR and related factors on ATT outcomes.
A ...prospective cohort study of persons with tuberculosis (TB) at a referral center in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 2010 to 2016. Baseline information: race, sex, schooling, economic status, tobacco, drugs and alcohol abuse, HIV-infection status and comorbidities were captured during TB screening and diagnosis. Laboratory exams were performed to confirm TB diagnosis and monitor ADRs, favorable (cure and treatment completion) and unfavorable (death, loss to follow up and failure) outcomes were prospectively captured. The Kaplan-Meier curve was used to estimate the probability of ADR-free time. A logistic regression analysis (backward elimination) was performed to identify independent associations with unfavorable outcomes.
550 patients were enrolled, 35.1% were people living with HIV (PLHIV) and ADR occurred in 78.6% of all participants. Smoking (OR: 2.32; 95% CI:1.34-3.99) and illicit-drug use (OR:2.02; 95% CI:1.15-3.55) were independent risk factors for unfavorable outcomes. In PLHIV, alcohol abuse and previous ART use were associated with unfavorable outcomes. In contrast, ADR increased the odds of favorable outcomes in the overall population. PLHIV more frequently experienced grade 3/4-ADR (18.36%), especially "liver and biliary system disorders". Lower CD4 counts (<100 cells/uL) were associated with hepatotoxicity (p = 0.03). ART-naïve participants presented a higher incidence of ADR in comparison with ART-experienced patients.
Substance use was associated with unfavorable outcomes, highlighting the need for better strategies to reduce this habit. In contrast, ADRs were associated with favorable outcomes. Attention to the occurrence of ADR in PLHIV is essential, especially regarding hepatotoxicity in those with high immunosuppression.
Abstract
The Transatlantic Slave Trade transported more than 9 million Africans to the Americas between the early 16th and the mid-19th centuries. We performed a genome-wide analysis using 6,267 ...individuals from 25 populations to infer how different African groups contributed to North-, South-American, and Caribbean populations, in the context of geographic and geopolitical factors, and compared genetic data with demographic history records of the Transatlantic Slave Trade. We observed that West-Central Africa and Western Africa-associated ancestry clusters are more prevalent in northern latitudes of the Americas, whereas the South/East Africa-associated ancestry cluster is more prevalent in southern latitudes of the Americas. This pattern results from geographic and geopolitical factors leading to population differentiation. However, there is a substantial decrease in the between-population differentiation of the African gene pool within the Americas, when compared with the regions of origin from Africa, underscoring the importance of historical factors favoring admixture between individuals with different African origins in the New World. This between-population homogenization in the Americas is consistent with the excess of West-Central Africa ancestry (the most prevalent in the Americas) in the United States and Southeast-Brazil, with respect to historical-demography expectations. We also inferred that in most of the Americas, intercontinental admixture intensification occurred between 1750 and 1850, which correlates strongly with the peak of arrivals from Africa. This study contributes with a population genetics perspective to the ongoing social, cultural, and political debate regarding ancestry, admixture, and the mestizaje process in the Americas.
Objective
To evaluate the maternal–fetal outcomes of CAB-induced pregnancies in patients with prolactinoma in a large cohort.
Methods
The prevalence of tumor growth, miscarriage, preterm, low birth ...weight, congenital malformations and impairment in neuropsychological development in children among women treated with CAB were assessed in a Brazilian multicentre retrospective observational study,
Results
We included 194 women with a mean age of 31 (17–45) years, 43.6% presenting microadenomas and 56.4% macroadenomas, at prolactinoma diagnosis. In 233 pregnancies, CAB was withdrawn in 89%, after pregnancy confirmation. Symptoms related to tumor growth occurred in 25 cases, more frequently in macroadenomas. The overall miscarriage rate was 11%, although higher in the subgroup of patients with CAB maintainance after pregnancy confirmation (38% vs. 7.5%). Amongst the live-birth deliveries, preterm occurred in 12%, low birth weight in 6% and congenital malformations in 4.3%. Neuropsychological development impairment was reported in 7% of cases.
Conclusions
Our findings confirm previous results of safety in maternal and fetal outcomes in CAB-induced pregnancies; nevertheless, CAB maintenance after pregnancy confirmation was associated with higher miscarriage rate; result that must be further confirmed.
The teste rápido molecular para tuberculose (TRM-TB) was introduced in 2014 in Brazil for tuberculosis screening. However, its role in adolescents in Brazil has not been studied.
A descriptive study ...of adolescents with suspected tuberculosis using National Laboratory software.
Of 852 (15.4%) suspected cases, 131 were positive by TRM-TB and 2% were resistant to rifampicin. Among TRM-TB-positive cases, 105 (91.4%) were culture-positive. Sixty-four of 96 samples were sensitive to rifampicin by TRM-TB; 11 were resistant to other drugs by drug sensitivity test (DST).
Among suspected cases, 16% were diagnosed by TRM-TB, of which 17% were drug-resistant by DST.
Age-related cognitive decline (ACD) is the gradual process of decreasing of cognitive function over age. Most genetic risk factors for ACD have been identified in European populations and there are ...no reports in admixed Latin American individuals. We performed admixture mapping, genome-wide association analysis (GWAS), and fine-mapping to examine genetic factors associated with 15-year cognitive trajectory in 1,407 Brazilian older adults, comprising 14,956 Mini-Mental State Examination measures. Participants were enrolled as part of the Bambuí-Epigen Cohort Study of Aging. Our admixture mapping analysis identified a genomic region (3p24.2) in which increased Native American ancestry was significantly associated with faster ACD. Fine-mapping of this region identified a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs142380904 (β = -0.044, SE = 0.01, p = 7.5 × 10
) associated with ACD. In addition, our GWAS identified 24 associated SNPs, most in genes previously reported to influence cognitive function. The top six associated SNPs accounted for 18.5% of the ACD variance in our data. Furthermore, our longitudinal study replicated previous GWAS hits for cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease. Our 15-year longitudinal study identified both ancestry-specific and cosmopolitan genetic variants associated with ACD in Brazilians, highlighting the need for more trans-ancestry genomic studies, especially in underrepresented ethnic groups.
Mielografia em ouriço-cacheiro (Sphiggurus villosus) Sant Anna, N.T.; Silva, B.S.; Soresini, G.C. ...
Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia/Arquivo brasileiro de medicina veterinária e zootecnia,
02/2012, Letnik:
64, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Relata-se o procedimento de mielografia em um ouriço-cacheiro Sphiggurus villosus, adulto, procedente de vida livre. Após o exame e com o animal sob anestesia geral, evidenciou-se um desvio dorsal do ...contraste na altura da sétima vértebra torácica (T7), causado por compressão em região ventral dessa vértebra, sugestivo de edema ocasionado pela hemorragia intramedular secundária ao trauma sofrido pelo animal em vida livre. Assim sendo, a mielografia em ouriço-cacheiro mostrou ser bastante válida e eficiente ao apresentar como vantagens a maior precisão para delimitar e localizar a lesão presente na coluna vertebral.
Socioeconomic disadvantage (SED) has been consistently associated with early life mental health problems. SED has been shown to impact multiple biological systems, including the regulation of ...neurotrophic proteins, immune-inflammatory and oxidative stress markers, which, conversely, have been reported to be relevant to physiological and pathological neurodevelopment This study investigated the relationship between SED, different domains of psychopathology, serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL6), thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBARS) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). We hypothesized that a composite of socioeconomic risk would be associated with psychopathology and altered levels of peripheral biomarkers. In addition, we hypothesized that SED would moderate the associations between mental health problems, IL6, TBARS and BDNF.
Using a cross-sectional design, we measured the serum levels of IL6, TBARS and BDNF in 495 children aged 6 to 12. We also investigated socio-demographic characteristics and mental health problems using the Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL) DSM-oriented scales. SED was evaluated using a cumulative risk model. Generalized linear models were used to assess associations between SED, biomarkers levels and psychopathology. SED was significantly associated with serum levels of IL6 (RR = 1.026, 95% CI 1.004; 1.049, p = 0.020) and TBARS (RR = 1.077, 95% CI 1.028; 1.127, p = 0.002). The association between SED and BDNF was not statistically significant (RR = 1.031, 95% CI 0.997; 1.066, p = 0.077). SED was also significantly associated with all CBCL DSM-oriented scales (all p < 0.05), whereas serum biomarkers (i.e. IL6, TBARS, BDNF) were associated with specific subscales. Moreover, the associations between serum biomarkers and domains of psychopathology were moderated by SED, with stronger correlations between mental health problems, IL6, TBARS, and BDNF being observed in children with high SED.
In children, SED is highly associated with mental health problems. Our findings suggest that this association may be moderated via effects on multiple interacting neurobiological systems.
The São Francisco River has historical and economic relevance to the development of Northeast Brazil. However, the dams and reservoirs located along the basin and anthropogenic activities have been ...affecting its estuary. Herein, 26 surface sediment samples were analyzed to access the origin and distribution of aliphatic hydrocarbons. Concentrations of these hydrocarbons ranged from 0.95 μg g−1 to 2.87 μg g−1 in the summer and from 0.22 μg g−1 to 1.49 μg g−1 in the winter. Diagnostic ratios and indexes indicate higher plants, bacteria, and petroleum as hydrocarbon sources. A positive correlation was also observed between ∑n-alkanes and total organic matter (0.25) and fine fraction (0.47) as well as a significant difference (p < 0.05) between long-chain n-alkanes in the two sampling periods. Although the concentrations found in this study were lower than those in the other impacted coastal zones, our results have indicated the possible presence of petroleum contamination mainly associated with the discharge of oil derivatives from boat activities.
•Aliphatic hydrocarbons were investigated in surface sediments from São Francisco river estuary.•The total concentrations of C10 to C34 n-alkanes ranged from 0.22 μg g−1 to 2.87 μg g−1 dw.•Higher plants were considered the main source of aliphatic hydrocarbons related to biogenic inputs.•Petrogenic sources of aliphatic hydrocarbons found in this study were predominantly degraded oil and boat traffic.
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