Abstract only
Objective
To evaluate brown adipose tissue (BAT) structure and function in female offspring of dams fed low salt diet during the perinatal period.
Methods
Female Wistar rats were fed ...low (LS: 0.15%) or normal (NS: 1.3% NaCl) salt diet since 8 weeks of age. At 12 weeks of age they were mated. After weaning, all offspring, were fed standard chow. Body temperature (T) was measured during 24 hours in adult female offspring (oLS or oNS) exposed to a cold (C) or room temperature (RT) environment. Gene expression (GE) of uncoupling protein‐1 (UCP1). PPARγ (PP), PGC1α (PG) and FOX C2 (FO) and mitochondria surface area (MIT) by electron microscopy were analyzed in BAT. Serum coenzyme Q10 was measured by HPLC.
Results
(p<0.05, n=5/group):
Compared to RT, during day time, T was lower in both offspring groups exposed to C. During night time, T was lower only in oNS exposed to C. Compared to oNS, GE of UCP1, PP and FO were lower (20%, 19%, and 57%, respectively) in oLS exposed to RT but not to C. GE of UCP1 and PG were higher (24% and 43%, respectively) in oLS exposed to C than in oLS exposed to RT. MIT was higher (76%) in oNS exposed to C than oNS exposed to RT. Compared to RT, Q10 was higher (110%) in oNS and lower (53%) in oLS exposed to C.
Conclusions
Low salt intake during the perinatal period is associated with alterations in the response to cold exposure and of gene expression of factors related to energy metabolism in the offspring.
Supported by FAPESP.
Angiostrongylus costaricensis intermediate hosts are terrestrial mollusks mostly belonging to the Veronicellidae family. In the present investigation we focused on the mechanisms of larval expulsion ...from Sarasinula marginata infected with A. costaricensis. Twenty-five mollusks were individually infected with 5000 L1 and sacrificed at 30 min and 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 h post-infection and at days 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 11, 12, 14, 15, 16, 20, 21, 22, 25, 26, 28, and 30 post-infection; the mollusks were then fixed and stained. Diverse organs involved throughout the course of the migratory routes of larvae from oral penetration on were specified and the mechanisms of larval access to the fibromuscular layer through the kidney, rectum, and vascular system were defined. The elimination of L3, derived from oral and/or cutaneous infections, appears to depend on granulomas located close to the excretory ducts of mucous cells.
To investigate the chronopharmacological effects of growth hormone on executive function and the oxidative stress response in rats.
Fifty male Wistar rats (36-40 weeks old) had ad libitum access to ...water and food and were separated into four groups: diurnal control, nocturnal control, diurnal GH-treated, and nocturnal GH-treated animals. Levels of Cu, Zn superoxide dismutase (Cu, Zn-SOD), and superoxide release by spleen macrophages were evaluated. For memory testing, adaptation and walking in an open field platform was used. GH-treated animals demonstrated better performance in exploratory and spatial open-field tests.
The latency time in both GH-treated groups was significantly lower compared with the latency time of the control groups. The diurnal GH treatment did not stimulate superoxide release but increased the CuZn-SOD enzyme levels. The nocturnal GH treatment did not influence the superoxide release and CuZn-SOD concentration. GH treatment also resulted in heart atrophy and lung hypertrophy.
Growth hormone treatment improved the performance of executive functions at the cost of oxidative stress triggering, and this effect was dependent on the circadian period of hormone administration. However, GH treatment caused damaging effects such as lung hypertrophy and heart atrophy.
Chikungunya fever has become a relevant public health problem in countries where epidemics occur. Until 2013, only imported cases occurred in the Americas, but in October of that year, the first ...cases were reported in Saint Marin island in the Caribbean. The first autochthonous cases were confirmed in Brazil in September 2014; until epidemiological week 37 of 2016, 236,287 probable cases of infection with Chikungunya virus had been registered, 116,523 of which had serological confirmation. Environmental changes caused by humans, disorderly urban growth and an ever-increasing number of international travelers were described as the factors responsible for the emergence of large-scale epidemics. Clinically characterized by fever and joint pain in the acute stage, approximately half of patients progress to the chronic stage (beyond 3 months), which is accompanied by persistent and disabling pain. The aim of the present study was to formulate recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of Chikungunya fever in Brazil. A literature review was performed in the MEDLINE, SciELO and PubMed databases to ground the decisions for recommendations. The degree of concordance among experts was established through the Delphi method, involving 2 in-person meetings and several online voting rounds. In total, 25 recommendations were formulated and divided into 3 thematic groups: (1) clinical, laboratory and imaging diagnosis; (2) special situations; and (3) treatment. The first 2 themes are presented in part 1, and treatment is presented in part 2.
A febre chikungunya tem se tornado um importante problema de saúde pública nos países onde ocorrem as epidemias. Até 2013, as Américas haviam registrado apenas casos importados quando, em outubro desse mesmo ano, foram notificados os primeiros casos na Ilha de Saint Martin, no Caribe. No Brasil, os primeiros relatos autóctones foram confirmados em setembro de 2014 e até a semana epidemiológica 37 de 2016 já haviam sido registrados 236.287 casos prováveis de infecção pelo chikungunya vírus (CHIKV), 116.523 confirmados sorologicamente. As mudanças ambientais causadas pelo homem, o crescimento urbano desordenado e o número cada vez maior de viagens internacionais têm sido apontados como os fatores responsáveis pela reemergência de epidemias em grande escala. Caracterizada clinicamente por febre e dor articular na fase aguda, em cerca de metade dos casos existe evolução para a fase crônica (além de três meses), com dor persistente e incapacitante. O objetivo deste trabalho foi elaborar recomendações para diagnóstico e tratamento da febre chikungunya no Brasil. Para isso, foi feita revisão da literatura nas bases de dados Medline, SciELO e PubMed, para dar apoio às decisões tomadas para definir as recomendações. Para a definição do grau de concordância foi feita uma metodologia Delphi, em duas reuniões presenciais e várias rodadas de votação on line. Foram geradas 25 recomendações, divididas em três grupos temáticos: (1) diagnóstico clínico, laboratorial e por imagem; (2) situações especiais e (3) tratamento. Na primeira parte estão os dois primeiros temas e o tratamento na segunda.
Chikungunya fever has become an important public health problem in countries where epidemics occur because half of the cases progress to chronic, persistent and debilitating arthritis. Literature ...data on specific therapies at the various phases of arthropathy caused by chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection are limited, lacking quality randomized trials assessing the efficacies of different therapies. There are a few studies on the treatment of musculoskeletal manifestations of chikungunya fever, but these studies have important methodological limitations. The data currently available preclude conclusions favorable or contrary to specific therapies, or an adequate comparison between the different drugs used.
The objective of this study was to develop recommendations for the treatment of chikungunya fever in Brazil. A literature review was performed via evidence-based selection of articles in the databases Medline, SciELO, PubMed and Embase and conference proceedings abstracts, in addition to expert opinions to support decision-making in defining recommendations. The Delphi method was used to define the degrees of agreement in 2 face-to-face meetings and several online voting rounds. This study is part 2 of the Recommendations of the Brazilian Society of Rheumatology (Sociedade Brasileira de Reumatologia – SBR) for the Diagnosis and Treatment of chikungunya fever and specifically addresses treatment.
A febre chikungunya tem se tornado um importante problema de saúde pública nos países onde ocorrem as epidemias, visto que metade dos casos evolui com artrite crônica, persistente e incapacitante. Os dados na literatura sobre terapêuticas específicas nas diversas fases da artropatia ocasionada pela infecção pelo vírus chikungunya (CHIKV) são limitados, não existem estudos randomizados de qualidade que avaliem a eficácia das diferentes terapias. Há algumas poucas publicações sobre o tratamento das manifestações musculoesqueléticas da febre chikungunya, porém com importantes limitações metodológicas. Os dados atualmente disponíveis não permitem conclusões favoráveis ou contrárias a terapêuticas específicas, bem como uma adequada avaliação quanto à superioridade entre as diferentes medicações empregadas.
O objetivo deste trabalho foi elaborar recomendações para o tratamento da febre chikungunya no Brasil. Foi feita uma revisão da literatura com seleção de artigos baseados em evidência, nas bases de dados Medline, SciELO, PubMed e Embase e de resumos de anais de congressos, além da opinião dos especialistas para dar apoio às decisões tomadas para definir as recomendações. Para a definição do grau de concordância foi feita uma metodologia Delphi, em duas reuniões presenciais e várias rodadas de votação on line. Este artigo refere-se à parte 2 das Recomendações da Sociedade Brasileira de Reumatologia para Diagnóstico e Tratamento da Febre Chikungunya, que trata especificamente do tratamento.
The geochemical characterization of marine evaporitic oils from the Fazenda Belém oil field, Potiguar Basin, Brazil showed good correlation between both acidic and neutral fractions, and led to the ...identification of several biomarkers including the homologous series of 3-alkyl- and 3-carboxyalkyl-5α(H) steranes and also the new series of 3-alkyl- and 3-carboxyalkyl-5β(H) steranes. These compounds were identified using GC/MS and their structures were confirmed by coinjection with synthetic standards. A minor series of 4-carboxyalkyl steranes was also detected. The analysis of the acidic biomarkers allowed a more accurate evaluation of maturation, biodegradation and migration of the studied oils.
This study reports on the performance of rats fed with diets based on Canavalia brasiliensis seed proteins. The raw seeds are not a good regime, causing the animals to lose weight, exhibiting low net ...protein utilization (NPU) values, high nitrogen excretion and macroscopic alterations of key internal organs. Heat treatment, but not dialysis of the seed meal, had a beneficial effect on the nutritional parameters. Feeding rats with a diet containing pure lectin showed a lower digestibility and NPU, a much higher dry matter and nitrogen excretion, impaired growth rate and small-intestine enlargement in comparison with rats pair-fed on egg-white protein. In addition, lectin was detected fully active against rabbit erythrocytes in the feces of rats fed lectin-containing diets. It was suggested that the seed lectin acts as an antinutritive dietary component.
Neste estudo propomos refletir sobre a Enfermagem como objeto da História. Ancoramos nossa proposta nos estudos que vêm sendo realizados sobre a História da Enfermagem Brasileira e na abertura que a ...História Nova confere aos estudos históricos. Para tanto, buscamos compreender a História da Enfermagem Brasileira e as circunstâncias sociais que determinaram o desenvolvimento da profissão nessa ou naquela direção. Apresentamos algumas propostas metodológicas comumente utilizadas em estudos históricos, propondo a história oral e a análise de documentos como métodos de coleta de dados. A releitura dos acontecimentos sociais, a partir dos dados coletados, é capaz de favorecer o entendimento da importância dos estudos sobre a História da Enfermagem no reconhecimento da sua identidade profissional, como contribuição para o fortalecimento da categoria. Esperamos estimular a produção de novos trabalhos sobre o tema e, principalmente, alertar para a necessidade de preservarmos nossa memória.
O presente estudo tem como objeto as temáticas dos projetos de pesquisa em Enfermagem encaminhados a uma agência governamental de fomento à pesquisa - o CNPq - no período de novembro de 1998 a ...novembro de 2000. Tem como objetivos identificar as temáticas predominantes nesses projetos e discutir as aderências das temáticas identificadas com as linhas de pesquisa em estudo pela categoria, com apoio da CAPES e as prioridades estabelecidas pelo CNPq para indução à pesquisa. Para atingir esses objetivos realizou-se um estudo exploratório descritivo cuja fonte primária foram as "planilhas de avaliação de projetos" e as secundárias foram a Resenha Estatística da CNPq, outros estudos e relatórios. Os resultados mostram a concentração de bolsas concedidas na Região Sudeste onde concentram também a maioria dos pesquisadores e os programas de pós-graduação. Revelam a diversidade de temas e as aproximações detectadas entre as temáticas e os parâmetros adotados para o estudo.
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