The incidence of cancer in children living with HIV (CLWH) is high and lymphomas are the most common type of cancer in this population. The combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) changed the natural ...history of HIV infection. To determine the incidence and profile of these CLWH malignancies in Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil, we conducted a retrospective and observational study of vertically infected CLWH, ranging from 0−20 incomplete years, from 1995 to 2018, at five reference centers. The study period was divided into three eras in accordance with the widespread use of cART in Brazil. 1306 patients were included. Of the 25 lymphomas found, 19 were AIDS-defining malignancies (ADM); 6 were non-AIDS-defining malignancies (NADM). The incidence rate (IR) of lymphoma developing was 1.70 per 1000 children-year (95% CI 1.09−2.50). ADM development IR decreased from 2.09−1.75−0.19 per 1000 children-year (p < 0.001) through cART eras. Cumulative Nelson−Aalen hazards of developing ADM over a 20-year period were 3.73% in the Early-cART era, 3.07% in the Mid-cART era, and 0.32% in the Late-cART era (p = 0.013). This study demonstrates the IR of lymphoma in CLWH in RJ, Brazil, as well as the benefit of cART in reducing ADM and death occurrence in the Post-cART era.
BACKGROUNDGrowth in aging of the population has led to increasing numbers of elderly people presenting cognitive impairment and evolution to dementia. There is still no consensus within primary care ...on the best strategy for screening for cognitive impairment among elderly people. Standardization of a simple but reasonably accurate instrument for a brief cognitive test, in primary care environments, would enable healthcare professionals to identify individuals who require a more in-depth assessment of cognition. OBJECTIVESTo investigate the instruments used by healthcare professionals in studies conducted worldwide and ascertain the most suitable instruments for screening for cognitive impairment among individuals aged 60 years or over, in the Brazilian population. DESIGN AND SETTINGScoping review developed at Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, Brazil. METHODA systematic search of the literature was conducted for primary studies using instruments to screen for cognitive impairment among individuals aged 60 years or over, in the MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central and LILACS databases. RESULTSA total of 983 articles were identified by two independent reviewers, from which 49 were selected for full-text reading, based on the criteria defined for this review. From this, 16 articles adhering to the theme of screening for cognitive impairment among the elderly were selected for in-depth analysis. CONCLUSIONThe Mini-Mental State Examination was the instrument most cited in these studies. The Pfeffer Functional Activities Questionnaire and the Verbal Fluency Test (semantic category) present characteristics favoring further studies, for testing as screening instruments for cognitive impairment among elderly people in Brazil.
To assess different ways of caring for preterm infants' development and for their families in neonatal units, with emphasis on the studies by André Bullinger.
A review of the literature in the ...databases PubMed, SciELO, and the Cairn.info portal, which publishes reviews in human sciences in French. Also, the books and articles of André Bullinger, available only in French, were reviewed.
This review includes the Kangaroo Method, which is based on skin to skin contact and the encouragement of breastfeeding; the Newborn Individualized Developmental Care and Assessment Program (NIDCAP), based on the Synaptic Developmental Theory and aiming to positively change the neonatal environment, having the preterm newborn as the actor of their own development and the mother as a regulator; and the Bullinger Approach, which uses a sensory-motor perspective to approach child development, including preterm infants' development.
The Kangaroo Method has changed child developmental care in countries with limited financial resources. NIDCAP was shown to be efficient, although only a few long-term studies have been conducted on the subject. The Bullinger Approach is well diffused in European neonatal units, with promising results for the prevention of neurodevelopmental disabilities, especially those related to orality.
Monitoring water quality in mobile dialysis (MD) services, assessing critical points and characterizing the risks inherent in the process, is essential to avoid risks to the patient's health. This ...study evaluated the microbiological quality of water in the MD of 36 hospitals with intensive treatment in the city of Rio de Janeiro.
204 water samples were collected from the points of entry to the network (NET), post-osmosis (PO) and dialysis solution (DS). The samples were evaluated for heterotrophic bacteria count, pathogen search, presence of endotoxins and aluminum content.
Bacterial contamination at 3 collection points in 36 hospitals was 30% (32/108); 42% from DS, 31% from PO and 17% from NET, with the presence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia , Burkholderia cepacia and Ralstonia pickettii in the 3 points. Endotoxin concentrations above 0.25 EU/mL occurred in 77% of the samples (17/22) analyzed in the PO. In the aluminum content, values above 0.01 mg/L were presented in 47% (7/15) of PO samples and 27% (4/15) of NET samples. There is no specific legislation for water used in the MD; therefore, the limits of the RDC of the National Health Surveillance Agency (Anvisa) 11/2014 were used; which regulates conventional hemodialysis services.
The results highlight the importance of evaluating water quality in MD services to ensure patient safety and support the sanitary monitoring of this process as a healthcare promoter.
The professional autonomy of nursing in pandemic times Costa, Rafaela Lira Mendes; Santos, Regina Maria dos; Costa, Laís de Miranda Crispim
Revista gaúcha de enfermagem,
2021, Letnik:
42, Številka:
spe
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
ABSTRACT Objective To reflect on the exercise of Nursing’s professional autonomy in times of pandemic. Method Theoretical reflection in the light of the Sociology of Professions proposed by Eliot ...Freidson. Using the author's main concepts, it was sought to understand the professional practice of Nursing in times when its protagonism in the care process becomes even more challenging. Results Although there are obstacles in the daily work, it is believed that an autonomous practice contributes satisfactorily to the performance of nurses, since by revealing all the potential and leadership they have, they allow their professional autonomy to be legitimized. Final Considerations The reflection clarified the importance of nurses to put their professional autonomy into practice, in order to achieve greater recognition and social appreciation of their work in times of pandemic.
RESUMEN Objetivo Reflexionar sobre el ejercicio de la autonomía profesional de la Enfermería en tiempos de pandemia. Método Reflexión teórica a la luz de la Sociología de las Profesiones propuesta por Eliot Freidson. Utilizando los conceptos principales de la autora, buscamos comprender la práctica profesional de la Enfermería en momentos en que su protagonismo en el proceso asistencial se vuelve aún más desafiante. Resultados Si bien existen obstáculos en el trabajo diario, se cree que una práctica autónoma contribuye satisfactoriamente al desempeño de las enfermeiras y los enfermeros, ya que al revelar todo el potencial y liderazgo que tienen, permiten legitimar su autonomía profesional. Consideraciones Finales La reflexión aclaró la importancia de que el enfermero ponga en práctica su autonomía profesional, con el fin de lograr un mayor reconocimiento y valoración social de su trabajo en tiempos de pandemia.
RESUMO Objetivo Refletir sobre o exercício da autonomia profissional da Enfermagem em tempos de pandemia. Método Reflexão teórica à luz da Sociologia das Profissões proposta por Eliot Freidson. Utilizando-se os principais conceitos do autor, buscou-se uma compreensão sobre o exercício profissional da Enfermagem em tempos onde seu protagonismo frente ao processo de cuidar torna-se ainda mais desafiador. Resultados Apesar de existirem obstáculos no cotidiano de trabalho, acredita-se que uma prática autônoma contribui de forma satisfatória para o desempenho de enfermeiras(os), pois, ao revelarem todo o potencial e liderança que possuem, permitem que sua autonomia profissional seja legitimada. Considerações Finais A reflexão esclareceu a importância de enfermeiras(os) colocarem em prática sua autonomia profissional, com o intuito de alcançarem um maior reconhecimento e valorização social do seu trabalho em tempos de pandemia.
The main objective of this article is to present and analyze the research instrument called "health and work notebooks", focusing on the production of knowledge concerning professors' work at a ...public university. The notebooks serve as a qualitative and participant research technique that is appropriate for the in-depth study of relations between health and work, viewing workplaces as privileged spaces for exercising effective action in the defense of health and the work experience as the principal material for analysis. The notebooks' special quality as a research technique lies in worker's role as protagonist in the research, as the diary's author and co-participant in the study. Eight professors participated, all from the same institute in a federal university (IFES) in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. As for analysis of the empirical materials from the notebooks and consistent with the workers, the thematic analysis technique was adopted, producing four main discussion categories: time on the job and professors' multiple work activities; precarization of working conditions at universities; faculty health at limits; and the notebooks viewed from the authors' perspective. As for the results, the theme that stood out was work overload and time pressure to meet targets. Finally, the health and work notebooks proved to be a potential research tool for generating knowledge from a collective perspective.
Resumo O objetivo do presente estudo foi problematizar aspectos do trabalho docente do ensino superior em relação a gênero, políticas de avaliação e saúde. Para tal, realizou-se uma pesquisa social ...de caráter qualitativo sob a vertente dos estudos participativos e do enfoque do feminismo materialista. A análise do material foi efetuada por meio da análise de conteúdo, na modalidade temática, e identificados quatro temas principais: conflitos entre trabalho docente e trabalho doméstico; trabalho docente, maternidade e culpa; políticas de avaliação do trabalho docente e relações de gênero; divisão sexual do trabalho e docência. Percebeu-se o quanto as demandas da esfera produtiva têm extrapolado o tempo da jornada de trabalho para a esfera reprodutiva e a vida privada das professoras, comprometendo a luta e a defesa pela saúde que podem levar a processos de sofrimento e adoecimento. O tema da divisão sexual do trabalho em universidades públicas desponta como importante questão que evidencia sobrecarga de trabalho e mal estar psíquico, especialmente em um momento em que o trabalho docente se torna crescentemente competitivo. Concluiu-se pela imperativa necessidade de investimentos em políticas públicas que garantam igualdade de gênero no trabalho do ensino superior.
Abstract This study aimed to problematize aspects of the work of professors in relation to gender, assessment policies, and health. For this purpose, a qualitative social investigation was conducted within the aspect of participatory studies and the views of materialist feminism. An analysis of the material was carried out through content analysis, according to the topic, using four main themes: conflicts between professors’ work and domestic work; professors’ work, motherhood, and guilt; policies for the assessment of professors and gender relations; and the sexual division of labor and teaching. It was possible to perceive just how much the demands of the productive sphere have gone beyond the time of the workday and into the reproductive sphere and the private life of professors, compromising the struggle for health and leading to processes of suffering and illness. The theme of the sexual division of labor in public universities appears to be an important issue that highlights work overload and psychological illness, especially at a time when the teaching profession is becoming increasingly competitive. In conclusion, we believe that there is an imperative need for investments in public policies that can guarantee gender equality in higher education.
RESUMO Objetivo: identificar e analisar as evidências trazidas por estudos sobre a importância das organizações civis de enfermagem. Método: trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura em que ...foram realizadas buscas nos bancos de dados LILACS, PubMed/MEDLINE, SciELO, BDENF e Scopus. Resultados: foram selecionados 16 artigos publicados entre os anos de 2004 a 2013, sendo que 68,75% dos trabalhos são originados do Brasil e 31,25% são publicações estadunidenses. Conclusão: as entidades da Enfermagem são importantes e necessárias, pois têm colaborado decisivamente nas lutas da categoria em favor da classe e da sociedade em geral, e essas contribuições incidem sobre os vários eixos de atuação profissional.
Este artigo discute o trabalho de coordenação pedagógica na Educação Infantil, a partir da análise das concepções de uma coordenadora pedagógica de uma escola da infância sobre a organização do ...trabalho pedagógico a ser realizado nessa etapa da Educação Básica. O referencial teórico e o método da pesquisa fundamentam-se na teoria histórico-cultural. Como resultados destaca-se que as principais concepções que fundamentavam o trabalho da coordenadora pedagógica baseavam-se nos conhecimentos sobre desenvolvimento infantil, currículo, planejamento, organização do tempo, espaços, atividades e materiais e sobre o envolvimento da família. Conclui-se que tais concepções reverberam na organização do trabalho pedagógico das professoras e possibilitam a realização de práticas intencionalmente organizadas, que consideram as crianças em seus processos de ensino-aprendizagem e desenvolvimento.
PDF
