Resumo O objetivo do presente estudo foi problematizar aspectos do trabalho docente do ensino superior em relação a gênero, políticas de avaliação e saúde. Para tal, realizou-se uma pesquisa social ...de caráter qualitativo sob a vertente dos estudos participativos e do enfoque do feminismo materialista. A análise do material foi efetuada por meio da análise de conteúdo, na modalidade temática, e identificados quatro temas principais: conflitos entre trabalho docente e trabalho doméstico; trabalho docente, maternidade e culpa; políticas de avaliação do trabalho docente e relações de gênero; divisão sexual do trabalho e docência. Percebeu-se o quanto as demandas da esfera produtiva têm extrapolado o tempo da jornada de trabalho para a esfera reprodutiva e a vida privada das professoras, comprometendo a luta e a defesa pela saúde que podem levar a processos de sofrimento e adoecimento. O tema da divisão sexual do trabalho em universidades públicas desponta como importante questão que evidencia sobrecarga de trabalho e mal estar psíquico, especialmente em um momento em que o trabalho docente se torna crescentemente competitivo. Concluiu-se pela imperativa necessidade de investimentos em políticas públicas que garantam igualdade de gênero no trabalho do ensino superior.
Lymphomas related to HIV are generally aggressive and have a poor prognosis, despite the use of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) and effective chemotherapy treatment. To determine survival and ...prognostic factors in children and adolescents living with HIV (CLWH) in Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil, who developed lymphomas, we performed a retrospective and observational study of vertically infected CLWH aged from 0 to 20 incomplete years during1995 to 2018 at five reference centers for cancer and HIV/AIDS treatment. Of the 25 lymphomas, 19 were AIDS-defining malignancies (ADM) and 6 were non-AIDS-defining malignancies (NADM). The 5-year overall survival (OS) and 5-year event-free survival (EFS) probabilities were both 32.00% (95% CI = 13.72-50.23%), and the 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) probability was 53.30% (95% CI = 28.02-78.58%). In the multivariate Cox regression analysis, performance status 4 (PS 4) was considered a poor prognostic factor for OS (HR 4.85, 95% CI = 1.81-12.97,
= 0.002) and EFS (HR 4.95, 95% CI = 1.84-13.34,
= 0.002). For the DFS, higher CD4+ T-cell counts were considered a better prognostic factor (HR 0.86, 95% CI = 0.76-0.97,
= 0.017) in the multivariate Cox regression analysis. This study demonstrates, for the first time, survival and prognostic factors for CLWH who developed lymphomas in RJ, Brazil.
The species of the
genus are hematophagous, and some of them are vectors of important human and animal diseases. This group of insects is distributed worldwide, varying according to local species. ...Knowledge of the geographic distribution of specific species is crucial for the development and implementation of control strategies. The aim of this work was to investigate the occurrence of
in the state of Alagoas in northeast Brazil. Midges were captured with CDC light traps, and their identification and morphological analyses were performed by the Ceratopogonidae Collection of the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ/CCER) in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Morphological analyses were performed using the key to
from the guttatus group and comparison with other deposited specimens. DNA sequencing, genetic analysis and comparison with sequences in the Genbank database, confirmed the identification of the flies as
. This was the first formal report of
being found in Alagoas.
The toxic effects of miltefosine on the epithelial cells of the gastrointestinal tract and its hemolytic action on erythrocytes have limited its use as an antileishmanial agent. As part of our search ...for new strategies to overcome the side effects of miltefosine during the treatment of leishmaniasis, we have developed stable miltefosine-loaded lipid nanoparticles in an attempt to reduce the toxic effects of the drug. We have evaluated lipid nanoparticles containing varying amounts of miltefosine and cholesterol, prepared by sonication, in terms of their physicochemical properties, preliminary stability, hemolytic potential toward erythrocytes, and cytotoxicity to macrophages and to promastigote and amastigote forms of Leishmania (L.) chagasi. Miltefosine loading into lipid nanoparticles was 100% for low drug concentrations (7.0 to 20.0mg/mL). Particle size decreased from 143nm (control) to between 43 and 69nm. From fluorescence studies, it was observed that the presence of miltefosine and cholesterol (below 103μM) promoted ordering effects in the phospholipid region of the nanoparticles. The formulation containing 15mg/mL miltefosine was stable for at least six months at 4°C and in simulated gastrointestinal fluids, and did not promote epithelial gastrointestinal irritability in Balb/C mice. When loaded into lipid nanoparticles, the hemolytic potential of miltefosine and its cytotoxicity to macrophages diminished, while its antiparasitic activity remained unaltered. The results suggested that miltefosine-loaded lipid nanoparticles may be promising for the treatment of leishmaniasis and might be suitable for oral and parenteral use.
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•Miltefosine entrapped into lipid nanoparticles drastically reduces hemolysis and cytotoxicity against macrophages.•Miltefosine-loaded lipid nanoparticles developed in this work were stable in simulated gastro and intestinal fluids.•Miltefosine concentration to reduce particle size maintaining structural stability of lipid nanoparticles is around 15mg/mL.•Fluorescence techniques show that miltefosine increases organization of lipid domains and decreases nanoparticles size.•Formulation shown here is promising to treat leishmaniasis and potentially applicable for oral and parenteral administration.
Rationale
Anti-psychotic drugs are antagonists of dopamine D2 receptors and repeated administration may lead to the development of dopamine receptor supersensitivity.
Objectives
The objective of this ...study is to investigate the effects of sub-chronic olanzapine treatments upon the induction of dopamine receptor supersensitivity.
Methods
Rats were administered ten daily low or high doses of the atypical anti-psychotic drug olanzapine (0.01 or 1.0 mg/kg). After 5 days of withdrawal, all groups received 2.0 mg/kg apomorphine on five successive days. Five days after the apomorphine sensitization protocol, in separate experiments, either a conditioning test or an apomorphine sensitization test was conducted.
Results
During the anti-psychotic treatment the high dose of olanzapine induced profound locomotion suppression, whereas the low dose had no effect upon locomotion. The apomorphine treatments given to the vehicle control group generated locomotor sensitization. This sensitization effect was attenuated by the same degree for both the low or high dose prior olanzapine treatments. Also, the low and high-dose olanzapine pre-treatments diminished subsequent apomorphine-conditioned and apomorphine-sensitized locomotor responses.
Conclusions
The equivalent attenuation of the apomorphine sensitization produced by both olanzapine doses indicates that this effect was unrelated to the direct effects of olanzapine upon locomotion. Furthermore, the persistence of the desensitization effects well after the termination of the olanzapine treatments is indicative of a residual desensitization of the dopamine system. These findings are of importance when considering the use of atypical anti-psychotic drugs in the treatment of psychoses and other disorders in which overactivity of the dopamine system is considered a contributory factor.
The objective of this study was to structure a proposal for an instrument to measure the mistreatment level of women during childbirth, through item response theory, based on the birth experience of ...postpartum women. A cross-sectional study was conducted, with the inclusion of 287 women who did not suffer complications during childbirth, randomly selected from two maternity hospitals in the capital of Rio Grande do Sul—Brazil, in 2016. Approximately 30 days after delivery, the women answered questions in a face-to-face interview about their birth experience (practices and interventions applied) and were inquired about their perception of having suffered disrespect, mistreatment or humiliation by health professionals. The set of practices was included in the item response theory model to design the instrument. Of the 36 items included in the model, 21 dealt with practices applied exclusively to women who went into labor, therefore two instruments were developed. The instrument including all women, containing 09 items, identified 23.7% prevalence of mistreatment to women during childbirth, while the instrument for women going into labor included 11 items and identified 22% prevalence. The items with the highest discrimination were: not having had a companion during labor (2.05; and 1.26), not feeling welcome (1.81; and 1.58), and not feeling safe (1.59; and 1.70), for all women and for those who went into labor, respectively. For those who went into labor, the items, did not have a companion during labor (1.22; PE 0.88) and did not feel comfortable asking questions and participating in decisions (1.20; PE 0.43) also showed greater discrimination. In contrast, when directly questioned, only 12.5% of women said they had experienced disrespect or mistreatment, suggesting that harmful practices are often not recognized as violent. Standardizing the measurement of mistreatment of women during childbirth can create more accurate estimates of its prevalence and contribute to the proposal of strategies to eliminate obstetric violence.
Discussing the factors associated with major depression and suicide risk among nursing professionals.
An integrative review in PubMed/MEDLINE, LILACS, SciELO and BDENF databases, between 2003 and ...2015.
20 published articles were selected, mostly from between 2012 and 2014, with significant production in Brazil. Nursing professionals are vulnerable to depression when young, married, performing night work and having several jobs, and when they have a high level of education, low family income, work overload, high stress, insufficient autonomy and a sense of professional insecurity and conflict in the family and workrelationship. Suicide risk was correlated with the presence of symptoms of depression, high levels of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and low personal accomplishment; characteristics of Burnout Syndrome.
Suicide risk among nursing professionals is associated with symptoms of depression and correlated with Burnout Syndrome, which can affect work performance.
Abstract
Background
Postpartum depression is a common condition in the pregnancy and postpartum cycle. The development of this condition is multifactorial and can be influenced by previous traumas. ...This study sought to verify whether there is an association between having been exposed to mistreatment during childbirth and presenting symptoms suggestive of postpartum depression.
Methods
This is a cross-sectional study, with the inclusion of 287 women without complications in childbirth, randomly selected from two maternity hospitals of Porto Alegre, southern Brazil, in 2016. Four weeks after delivery, the postpartum women answered a face-to-face interview about socioeconomic aspects, obstetric history, health history, and childbirth experience (practices and interventions applied) and completed the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). From the perception of women regarding the practices performed in the context of childbirth care, a composite variable was created, using item response theory, to measure the level of mistreatment during childbirth. The items that made up this variable were: absence of a companion during delivery, feeling insecure and not welcome, lack of privacy, lack of skin-to-skin contact after delivery, not having understood the information shared with them, and not having felt comfortable to ask questions and make decisions about their care. To define symptoms suggestive of postpartum depression, reflecting on increased probability of this condition, the EPDS score was set at ≥ 8. Poisson Regression with robust variance estimation was used for modeling.
Results
Women who experienced mistreatment during childbirth had a higher prevalence of symptoms suggestive of postpartum depression (PR 1.55 95% CI 1.07–2.25), as well as those with a history of mental health problems (PR 1.69 95% CI 1.16–2.47), while higher socioeconomic status (A and B) had an inverse association (PR 0.53 95% CI 0.33–0.83).
Conclusions
Symptoms suggestive of postpartum depression seem to be more prevalent in women who have suffered mistreatment during childbirth, of low socioeconomic status, and with a history of mental health problems. Thus, qualifying care for women during pregnancy, childbirth and postpartum and reducing social inequalities are challenges to be faced in order to eliminate mistreatment during childbirth and reduce the occurrence of postpartum depression.
Project HOPE: American nurses in Brazil (1973) Costa, Laís de Miranda Crispim; Santos, Tânia Cristina Franco; Ferreira, Luiz Otávio ...
Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem,
07/2018, Letnik:
71, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
to describe the reality of nurses of Project HOPE and discuss the repercussion of their performance in relation to the reconfiguration of nursing in Alagoas State.
social-historical study, whose ...primary sources were documents filed in the Laboratory of Documentation and Research in History of Nursing, granted by this project; oral testimonies resulting from the transcription of interviews of US nurses and the VeNeta Masson's'logbook, coordinator nurse of the ship. The discussion of the data was based on Pierre Bourdieu's theory. The project was submitted to the Ethics Committee and approved by it.
The actions of the American nurses exposed the shortage of this type of professional in the area, as well as the precarious health conditions in the region.
the symbolic capital of these nurses has contributed to the reconfiguration of the nursing field in Alagoas State.
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