The methanol extract of the leaves of Pandanus foetidus Roxb. (Pandanaceae) was assessed for neuropharmacological activities in mice using a number of experimental models. The extract ...dose-dependently inhibited acetic acid-induced writhing in mice when given at the doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight. At the same dose levels, it significantly prolonged the pentobarbitone-induced sleeping time in mice, and showed mild to moderate central nervous system depressant activity when assessed by the hole cross and the open field tests in mice model. On the basis of these findings, it can be assumed that the extract exerts its depressant effect on the central nervous system in mice by interfering with the cortical function.
The complete nucleotide sequence of the gene (leuB) coding for β-isopropylmalate dehydrogenase of Bacteroides fragilis was determined. An open reading frame of 1, 061 nucleotides was detected that ...could encode a polypeptide of 353 amino acid residues with a calculated molecular mass of 39, 179 Da. The deduced amino acid sequence of the β-isopropylmalate dehydrogenase from B. fragilis showed substantial sequence similarity with the β-isopropylmalate dehydrogenases from other bacteria.
A permissible credit period is usually allowed to a retailer to pay back the dues without paying any interest to the supplier. The retailer can pay the supplier either at the end of the credit period ...or later incurring interest charges on the unpaid balance for the overdue period. The retailer is expected to settle the account at a time before the end of the inventory cycle time because the payable interest rate is generally higher than the earned interest rate. A model for optimal cycle and payment times is developed here for a retailer in a deteriorating-item inventory situation where a supplier allows a specified credit period to the retailer for payment without penalty. Under these conditions, this supplier-and-retailer system is modelled as a cost minimization problem to determine the optimal payment time under various system parameters. An iterative search procedure is applied to solve the problem, and the overall findings indicate that the retailer always has an option to pay after the permissible credit period depending on unit purchase and selling price, the deterioration rate of the products and the interest rate.
Bean sprout is used as vegetables. The present study investigated the effect of temperature and light on seed germination and sprout yield, and proximate (crude protein, crude fat, crude fibre, ...nitrogen free extract and ash) composition of sprout in Lignosus (Dipogon lignosus (L.) Verdc.) and Mung (Vigna radiata Wilczek) beans. Three temperatures (ambient, 25o and 30oC) and two light regimes; continuous dark, (CD) and continuous dark alternated by ½ hour light daily, (DAL) were used for seed germination and bean sprout yield. Data were collected 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 hours after setting the presoaked seeds in the petri dishes. Of the temperature regimes, generally better seed germination and sprout fresh weight (yield) were observed at 25oC in Mung bean and 30oC in Lignosus bean. Germination and sprout yield were similar under CD and DAL. Both under CD and DAL, sprout yield was higher after 120 hours compared to 96 hrs after germination in both the beans. Proximate composition of dry seeds and their sprouts was also determined. Irrespective of species, crude protein content was significantly higher in sprout (average of 29.33%) than dry seed (average of 24.33%).Vitamin C was significantly higher in Lignosus bean sprout (20.93 mg 100g-1) compared to Mung bean sprout (9.52 mg 100g-1). This is the first world report on Lignosus bean sprout. It may be concluded that better sprout yield and good protein content were obtained at 25oC in Mung bean and 30oC in Lignosus bean after 120 hrs of germination irrespective of dark and light.J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 15(2): 248-254, December 2017
We report the three-dimensional fluorescence spectra of Titan tholins in water and acetonitrile, and separate some of the fluorescent components of tholins using two-dimensional thin layer ...chromatography. In acetonitrile, tholins exhibit a broad fluorescence with a maximum at 471 nm, and an excitation maximum at 410 nm. The fluorescence spectrum of a water extraction displays a more complicated spectrum with multiple peaks. TLC results indicate the presence of at least three distinct fluorescent species. In addition, we obtained the two-dimensional fluorescence spectrum of tholins in water ice at 77 K, close to the surface temperature of Titan. The fluorescence of tholins in a 77 K ice matrix is red-shifted in comparison to a water solution, and undergoes a further red-shift when the water solution is heated prior to freezing. These results suggest that a simple fluorescence probe could be used on the surface of Titan to identify sites where tholins have been mixed with water, and possibly reveal information about the extent of heating the tholin–water mixture has undergone. This would be useful for a future mission with the goal of examining the organic chemistry of Titan.
Bioassay-guided fractionation of the leaves of Macaranga barteri collected from Nigeria led to the isolation of three previously undescribed cytotoxic stilbenes, macabartebenes A–C (1–3), together ...with six known compounds including prenylated stilbenes: vedelianin (4), schweinfurthin G (5), and mappain (7), prenylated flavonols: 8-prenylkaempferol (6), and broussoflavonol F (8), and the geranylated flavonol, isomacarangin (9). The cytotoxicity of the compounds was evaluated against four human cancer cell lines, with vinblastine as the positive control and DMSO vehicle as the negative control. Vedelianin (IC50 = 0.32–0.54 μM) displayed the greatest antiproliferative activity across the panel of cancer cell lines amongst the compounds, while macabartebene A (IC50 = 0.60–0.79 μM) was the most potent of the previously unreported compounds. The compounds displayed varying selectivity towards the cancer cell lines compared to the normal human prostate cell line. The findings of this study revealed that M. barteri leaves contain several cytotoxic compounds.
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A new form of disease called ‘die‐back’ has been established in Dalbergia sissoo trees. This disease has reached epidemic proportions in Bangladesh as well as in other countries of South Asia and is ...characterized by browning of the leaves, signs of wilting, and trunk lesions with gum flow. The trees die within a few months. In order to investigate the causes of this die‐back disease, samples were taken for a first trial in the Rajshahi division at two sites around Sherpur. For the isolation of bacteria, surface‐sterilized plant material (leaves, twigs and trunk bark) from diseased trees was transferred to LB medium and incubated. After isolation of single colonies, various bacteria species could be identified by polymerase chain reaction analysis with two primers specific for highly conserved sequence regions in the bacterial 16S rDNA and by sequencing. First indications for the presence of bacteria with phytopathogenic potential were found.
The reactivity of a series of triphenylbutylborate and tetraphenylborate photoinitiators with various ammonium chromophores was studied. The relative initiator efficiency of the triphenylbutylborate ...salts as compared to the corresponding tetraphenylborate salts with a common chromophore was determined. When the reduction potential of the chromophore is near −1.3 V (vs SCE), tetraphenylborate salts become almost as efficient photoinitiators of free radical polymerization as the corresponding triphenylbutylborate salts. A method to measure relative initiator efficiency of salts with a common chromophore based on fluorescent probe technology is proposed.
In this paper, we consider a confidential communication through multi-cellular co-located multiple-input multiple-output (C-MIMO) and distributed MIMO (D-MIMO) networks in the presence of an ...eavesdropper. The base station (BS) of each cell sends a common stream of information to a group of receivers within the cell and an eavesdropper observes their communications. We are interested to protect these information from eavesdropping, so that no eavesdropper can decode any information. Moreover, we investigate the performance of maximal ratio combining (MRC), zero-forcing (ZF) and minimum mean-square error (MMSE) detectors in enhancing security in multi-cellular MIMO networks considering their presence at the receivers and eavesdropper. Our results show that although the D-MIMO system is more sensitive to interference than C-MIMO system but in the high interference region, the effect of interference on both the MIMO models are almost same. The increase in transmit antennas enhances security and the MRC and MMSE detectors perform better than the ZF detector when the number of transmit antennas is very small.
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