One pot reactions of phenylphosphonic acid or phenylarsonic acid with cyclohexylamine led to two new organic-inorganic hybrid salts C6H14NC6H5PO3H.C6H5PO3H2.H2O (1) and (C6H14N)(C6H5AsO3H) (2) which ...were investigated by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Salt 1 crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group P21/nwith a = 12.3963 (4), b = 6.1123 (2), c = 28.2081 (8) Å, β = 90.426 (1)°, V = 2137.27 (12)Å3 and Z = 4. Salt 2 crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group P21/c with a = 12.3991 (5), b = 6.5048 (2), c = 18.5466 (7) Å, β = 105.824 (2)°, V = 1439.16 (9) Å3 and Z = 4. In the co-crystal 1, the hydrogen phenylphosphonate anions are organized into dimers via O–H···O H-bonds, whereas the phenylphosphonic acid and the water molecules are connected, through Owater–H···O and O–H···O hydrogen bonding interactions, to form dimers. Inter-species O–H···O hydrogen bonds connect the alternating dimers into anionic infinite chains. The 1D infinite ribbons are linked into an anionic 2D layer-like structure, by means of water molecules through Owater–H···O and O–H···Owater. The cyclohexylammonium interacts via N–H···O hydrogen bonds, to consolidate the compactness of the 2D layer-like structure. In the crystal of salt 2, the hydrogen phenylarsonate anions are organized into dimers through O–H···O H-bonds. Hydrogen bonded dimers are connected by the cyclohexylammoniumcations, through N–H···O hydrogen bonds, leading to the formation of an infinite ribbon. The 1D hydrogen bonded ribbons are interlinked through N–H···O hydrogen bonding interactions giving rise to a 2D layer-like structure.
The asymmetric unit of the title organic-inorganic hybrid complex systematic name: ethane-1,2-diaminium hexa-chlorido-stannate(IV)-4-meth-oxy-benz-alde-hyde (1/2), (C2H10N2)SnCl6·2C8H8O2, contains ...one half of an ethyl-enedi-ammonium cation, one half of an SnCl62- anion and one p-anisaldehyde mol-ecule. Both the organic cation and the quasi-regular octa-hedral inorganic anion are located about inversion centres. The organic cations and SnCl62- anions lie in layers parallel to the ac plane with p-anisaldehyde mol-ecules occupying the space between the layers. A network of classical N-H⋯Cl and N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds exists between the ethyl-enedi-ammonium cations and the SnCl62- anions and p-anisaldehyde mol-ecules. These inter-actions, together with non-classical C-H⋯O inter-actions between the ethyl-enedi-ammonium cations and the p-anisaldehyde mol-ecules, serve to hold the structure together. The crystal studied was refined as a two-component twin.
Solar photovoltaic (PV) irrigation is increasingly used in agriculture, driven by its low operation cost and virtually zero emissions, providing electricity access in rural areas. However, the high ...investment cost requires an optimal design. The objective of this work was to develop a user-friendly tool to optimally size a PV generator that satisfies crop irrigation needs under local constrictions. The ODSIS (Optimal Design of Solar Irrigation System) tool, was organized in three calculation modules, preceded by two complements, which determine the daily crop irrigation needs and power demand of the pumping system. Then, the first module sizes the PV plant, considering a multiplication factor, and provides the PV production potential throughout each day of the season. The second and third modules evaluate the total investment cost and equivalent greenhouse gas emissions avoided by comparison with traditional energy sources. This tool was applied to a case study in Senegal for which a multiplication factor of 1.4 was obtained for the optimal PV plant size. Between 22% to 64% of the investment cost corresponded to the PV pumping system, depending on the irrigation technique. The use of PV energy in the case study would represent an annual economic saving for the farmer after 5 to 8 years of payback period, avoiding the emission of between 29.8 and 37.9 tCO2eq/year for the case study area.
On allowing PhPO^sub 3^H^sub 2^ to react with SnPh^sub 3^Cl in ethanolic media, OCOPOSnPh^sub 3^OEt^sub 2^ is obtained by cetonization, desarylation and esterification, has been studied by infrared ...technic. A discrete structure has been suggested on the basis of infrared data, the anion behaving as a bidentate ligand, the environment around the tin centres being tertrahedral.
On allowing PhPO sub( 3)H sub( 2) to react with SnPh sub( 3)Cl in ethanolic media, OCOPOSnPh sub( 3)OEt sub( 2) is obtained by cetonization, desarylation and esterification, has been studied by ...infrared technic. A discrete structure has been suggested on the basis of infrared data, the anion behaving as a bidentate ligand, the environment around the tin centres being tertrahedral.
Two triorganotin(IV) phosphonate compounds were isolated and structurally investigated by infrared and Mössbauer spectroscopies and X-ray crystallography. The reactionoftrimethyltin(IV) chloride ...(SnMe3Cl) and hexamethylenetetraammonium hydrogen methylphosphonateCH3PO3HN4(CH2)6H led to the formation of C10H34O4P2Sn3 (1) which crystallizes in the Monoclinic space group Pn with Z = 2, a = 8.4955 (2) ?, b = 11.318 (3) ?, c = 11.902 (2) ?, β = 90.9340 (10)? and V = 1144.2 (4) ?3. An uncommon decomposition of methylphosphonate occurred during the reaction process giving rise to the formation of dimers of SnMe3PH2SnMe3+. The structure of 1 consists of an anionic chain of CH3PO3(SnMe3PH2SnMe3)? linked to SnMe3(H2O)+ moieties through Sn?O bonds involving the remaining oxygen atoms of the methylphosphonates. In the chain, each SnMe3 residue is coordinated by one methylphosphonate and one phosphor atom, in a trans-trigonal bipyramidal PSnC3O geometry. The environment at tin atoms in both SnMe3 moieties is an octahedron. The methylphosphonate anion is otherwise in a general position and behaves as a tri-coordinating ligand. The reactionoftriphenyltin(IV) hydroxide (SnPh3OH) and phosphorous acid (HPO(OH)2) led to the formation of C36H31O3PSn2 (2) which crystallizes in the Monoclinic space group P2/n with Z = 4, a = 11.7966 (4) ?, b = 10.1953 (4) ?, c = 27.6715 (10) ?, β = 94.600 (2)? and V = 3317.3 (2) ?3. The structure of 2 is comprised of an anionic chain of HPO3(SnPh3)? linked to SnPh3 moieties through Sn?O bonds involving the remaining oxygen atoms of the hydrogenphosphonates. In the chain the SnPh3 residues are each one coordinated by two hydrogenphosphonates in a trans-trigonal bipyramidal OSnC3O arrangement. The geometry at tin atoms within the monocoordinated SnPh3 moieties connected to the chain is a distorted tetrahedron. The hydrogenphosphonate anion is in a general arrangement and behaves as a tri-O-coordinating ligand.
In allowing Me4NOH as a methanolic solution or Et4NOH as an ethanolic solution to react with BO3H3 in ethanol, R4NOH·2B2(OH)4 (R = Me, Et) are obtained and characterized by infrared. The subboric ...acid B2(OH)4 has been obtained in situ. An infinite chain structure has been suggested on the basis of infrared data. When OH...O hydrogen bonds are considered, the supramolecular architectures are obtained.
Three organotin (IV) derivatives PhPO3HSnBu2Cl, SnBu2Ph2PO2Cl×3/2H2O, Sn(PhPO3)Cl2×2H2O obtained on allowing PhPO3H2 or propylammonium PhPO3H to react with SnBu2Cl2, SnCl2×2H2O and two adducts ...(C6H5CH2)2NH23O2C(CH2)2PO3×3SnPh3Cl, CyNH3(HO2POCH2-N(CH2CO2H)22×3SnCl4.2H2O×NH4Cl obtained on allowing (C6H5CH2)NH2)3O2C(CH2)2PO3 or CyNH3(HO2POCH2-N(CH2 CO2H)22 and SnPh3Cl or SnCl2×2H2O to react in ethanolic media have been characterized by elemental analyses, infrared and Mossbauer techniques. The suggested structures, while considering the anionic counterpart, are discrete, dimeric, double and triple metallic components or of infinite chain types, the anion behaving as a monochelating, a bichelating or a bidentate ligand. In OH containing structures, when extra hydrogen bonds are considered, supramolecular architectures may be obtained.
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