Maschinen in Gang gebracht: Eine biokatalytische redoxneutrale Kaskade zur Herstellung terminaler primärer Amine aus primären Alkoholen und Ammoniak wurde in einer einstufigen Eintopfreaktion ...entwickelt (siehe Bild). Mit dem künstlichen biokatalytischen Netzwerk wurden langkettige 1,ω‐Alkandiole bei einem Umsatz von bis zu 99 % in Diamine umgewandelt.
Interferon-β-1a (IFN-β-1a) is an approved treatment for multiple sclerosis (MS). It improves the disease course by reducing the relapse rate as well as the persistent neurological deficits. Recent ...MRI and post-mortem studies revealed that neuronal and axonal damage are most relevant for chronic disability in MS patients. We have characterized previously time course and mechanisms of neuronal apoptosis in a rat model of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-induced optic neuritis. In this animal model, application of IFN-β-1a three times per week slightly decreases the loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), the neurons that form the axons within the optic nerve. In contrast to neurotrophic factors, this cytokine does not directly protect cultured RGCs from apoptosis. We conclude that IFN-β-1a is a suitable candidate to be combined with a directly neuroprotective agent in order to further decrease axonal and neuronal degeneration in MS patients.
Das Berberin‐Brücken‐Enzym (BBE) aus Kalifornischem Goldmohn setzt in einer enantioselektiven C‐C‐Kupplung Benzylisochinoline zu Berbinen um, wobei molekularer Sauerstoff als stöchiometrisches ...Oxidationsmittel dient. In ihrer Zuschrift auf S. 1100 ff. beschreiben W. Kroutil und Mitarbeiter die erste biokatalytische Syntheseanwendung von BBE im präparativen Maßstab. Neuartige enantiomerenreine Benzylisochinoline und Berbine wurden durch BBE‐katalysierte oxidative kinetische Racematspaltung hergestellt. Illustration: V. Resch.
Brücken bauen: Das Berberin‐Brücken‐Enzym (BBE) wurde für die erste präparative oxidative biokatalytische C‐C‐Kupplung unter Bildung einer intramolekularen Bindung eingesetzt (siehe Bild). Diese ...einzigartige Umsetzung benötigt nur O2 als stöchiometrisches Oxidationsmittel und ermöglicht die Synthese von neuartigen enantiomerenreinen (S)‐Berbinen 2 und (R)‐1‐Benzyl‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroisochinolinen 1 durch kinetische Racematspaltung.
Axonal destruction and neuronal loss occur early during multiple sclerosis (MS), an autoimmune in-flammatory central nervous system disease that frequently manifests with acute optic neuritis. ...Glatiramer acetate (GA) and interferon-β-1b (IFN-β-1b) are two immunomodulatory agents that have been shown to decrease the frequency of MS relapses. However, the question of whether these substances can slow neurodegeneration in MS patients is the subject of controversy. In a rat model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, we investigated the effects of GA and IFN-β-1b on the survival of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), the neurons that form the axons of the optic nerve. For each substance, therapy was started 14 days before immunization, on the day of immunization, or on the day of clinical disease onset. After myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis became clinically manifest, optic neuritis was monitored by recording visual evoked potentials. The function of RGCs was measured by electroretinograms. Although early GA or IFN-β-1b treatment showed benefit on disease activity, only treatment with GA exerted protective effects on RGCs, as revealed by measuring neurodegeneration and neuronal function. Furthermore, we demonstrate that this GA-induced neuroprotection does not exclusively depend on the reduction of inflammatory infiltrates within the optic nerve.
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