Europa Modifies Jupiter's Plasma Sheet Szalay, J. R.; Saur, J.; McComas, D. J. ...
Geophysical research letters,
28 March 2024, Letnik:
51, Številka:
6
Journal Article
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Jupiter's plasma sheet has been understood to be primarily composed of Io‐genic sulfur and oxygen, along with protons at lower mass density. These ions move radially away from Jupiter, filling its ...magnetosphere. The material in the plasma sheet interacts with Europa, which is also a source of magnetospheric pickup ions, primarily hydrogen and oxygen. Juno's thermal plasma instrument JADE, the Jovian Auroral Distributions Experiment, has provided comprehensive in situ observations of the composition of Jupiter's plasma sheet ions with its Time‐of‐Flight mass‐spectrometry capabilities. Here, we present observations of the magnetospheric composition in the Europa‐Ganymede region of Jupiter's magnetosphere. We find material from Europa is intermittently present at comparable densities to Io‐genic plasma. The intermittency of Europa‐genic signatures suggests Europa's neutral oxygen toroidal cloud is more localized to Europa's vicinity than its hydrogen cloud. These observations reveal a more complex and compositionally diverse magnetosphere than previously thought.
Plain Language Summary
Jupiter's charged particle environment is overwhelmingly driven by material lost from Io. This material interacts with the icy moon Europa, which can also inject charged particles into the environment. We find that Europa appreciably contributes to and modifies its local charged particle environment, revealing a more complex and compositionally diverse magnetosphere than previously thought.
Key Points
Three distinct heavy ion populations observed in Jupiter's plasma sheet: Io‐genic plasma, Europa‐genic plasma, and Io‐genic energetic particles
The mixture of Io‐genic and Europa‐genic plasma varies greatly throughout the Europa‐Ganymede region
We find evidence Europa's oxygen neutral toroidal clouds are more localized than its hydrogen cloud
Thorough evaluation of a rectovaginal fistula is essential to optimize surgical repair. The underlying cause should be addressed and treated, which can affect the timing and the approach to repair. ...It is imperative to be well prepared because the highest chance of successful closure occurs during the initial repair attempt. Our objective was to demonstrate how multidisciplinary colorectal surgery and urogynecology teams use specific methods during the examination under anesthesia to evaluate a complex rectovaginal fistula and to optimize the surgical approach to repair.
Anesthesia may be provided with monitored anesthesia care and a posterior perineal block. This pain control allows for a wide range of techniques to evaluate the fistula using anoscopy, fistula probe, hydrogen peroxide, and sigmoidoscopy. In addition, the teams show how curettage and subsequent seton placement can encourage closure by secondary intention and decrease the risk of abscess formation, respectively.
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We report the first in situ observations of electron measurements at a Europa footprint tail (FPT) crossing in the auroral region. During its 12th science perijove pass, Juno crossed magnetic field ...lines connected to Europa's FPT. We find that electrons in the range ~0.4 to ~25 keV, with a characteristic energy of 3.6 ± 0.5 keV, precipitate into Jupiter's atmosphere to create the footprint aurora. The energy flux peaks at ~36 mW/m2, while the peak ultraviolet (UV) brightness is estimated at 37 kR. We estimate the peak electron density and temperature to be 17.3 cm−3 and 1.8 ± 0.1 keV, respectively. Using magnetic flux shell mapping, we estimate that the radial width of the interaction at Europa's orbit spans roughly 3.6 ± 1.0 Europa radii. In contrast to typical Io FPT crossings, the instrument background caused by penetrating energetic radiation (> ~5–10 MeV electrons) increased during the Europa FPT crossing.
Plain Language Summary
Jupiter's moons interact with Jupiter's space environment, or magnetosphere, and create auroral spots and tails in Jupiter's ionosphere. Io's aurora footprint on Jupiter is the strongest and most persistent of all moons, but Ganymede, Callisto, and Europa's auroral footprints are also routinely observed by remote platforms. NASA's Juno mission and its instrument suite occasionally fly through regions that are connected to the moon‐magnetosphere interactions. During these crossings, Juno samples the electrons and ions that create the aurora. This paper is the first report of electron measurements taken during a Juno crossing of Europa's tail. These measurements confirm previous results based on remote observations. Most importantly, they provide a sample of the conditions in the regions associated with Europa's footprint aurora in Jupiter's magnetosphere.
Key Points
This is the first report of in situ electron measurements of a Europa footprint tail crossing
Precipitating electron energies range from ~0.4 to ~25 keV with a characteristic energy of 3.6 keV, consistent with a low color ratio of the auroral emissions
The instrument background caused by > ~5–10 MeV penetrating electrons increased during the crossing, opposite to what is observed at Io
Der vorliegende Sammelband beinhaltet schwerpunktmäßig Beiträge zur Retrodigitalisierung von Entscheidungsträgern und Fachleuten zu neuesten technische Anwendungen (Crowdsourcing-Tools oder einer ...umfassenden Digitalisierungssoftware). Es werden aber auch Themen wie z.B. die äußerst komplexe Zusammenführung heterogener digitaler Sammlungen in ein einziges Portal, die Digitalisierung unterschiedlichster Mediengattungen (Zeitungen, Theaterzettel, Videos, Handschriften, Leichenpredigten, Personalschriften), ein bundeslandweites Open-Access-Infrastrukturprojekt und die Digitalisierung innerhalb einer sehr fachspezifischen One Person Library behandelt.
KRAS is one of the most frequently mutated oncogenes in human cancer. Despite substantial efforts, no clinically applicable strategy has yet been developed to effectively treat KRAS-mutant tumors. ...Here, we perform a cell-line-based screen and identify strong synergistic interactions between cell-cycle checkpoint-abrogating Chk1- and MK2 inhibitors, specifically in KRAS- and BRAF-driven cells. Mechanistically, we show that KRAS-mutant cancer displays intrinsic genotoxic stress, leading to tonic Chk1- and MK2 activity. We demonstrate that simultaneous Chk1- and MK2 inhibition leads to mitotic catastrophe in KRAS-mutant cells. This actionable synergistic interaction is validated using xenograft models, as well as distinct Kras- or Braf-driven autochthonous murine cancer models. Lastly, we show that combined checkpoint inhibition induces apoptotic cell death in KRAS- or BRAF-mutant tumor cells directly isolated from patients. These results strongly recommend simultaneous Chk1- and MK2 inhibition as a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of KRAS- or BRAF-driven cancers.
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•The PreCISE software accurately captures synergistic drug interactions•Combined Chk1/MK2 inhibition synergistically induces apoptosis in KRAS-mutant cancer•KRAS-mutant tumor cells display a tonic activation of the DNA damage response•Autochthonous Kras-driven tumors display non-oncogene addiction to Chk1 and MK2
PreCISE, a new platform that reliably captures synergic drug interactions from large-scale cell-line-based screens, shows that simultaneous inhibition of the cell-cycle checkpoint kinases Chk1 and MK2 effectively eradicates KRAS-mutant cancer cells directly isolated from patients and in distinct Kras-driven murine tumor models.
Wolfram Neubauer hat wie kaum ein anderer im Bibliotheksmanagement Maßstäbe gesetzt und Erfolge gefeiert. Unter seiner Führung profilierte sich die ETH-Bibliothek seit 1996 als moderne und innovative ...Dienstleisterin für die Wissenschaft und verschaffte sich Anerkennung als eine der international führenden Informationseinrichtungen. Mit dieser Festschrift gratulieren Kolleginnen und Kollegen aus aller Welt Wolfram Neubauer zum 65. Geburtstag.
Qualität in der Inhaltserschließung Michael Franke-Maier, Anna Kasprzik, Andreas Ledl, Hans Schürmann / Michael Franke-Maier, Anna Kasprzik, Andreas Ledl, Hans Schürmann
2021, Letnik:
70
eBook
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This edited volume deals with issues relating to the quality of subject cataloging in the digital age, where heterogenous articles from different processes meet, and attempts to define important ...quality standards. Topics range from metadata and the cataloging policies of the German National Library, the GND, and the head offices of the German library association, to the presentation of a range of different projects, such as QURATOR and SoNAR.
The fifth generation of cellular communication systems is foreseen to enable a multitude of new applications and use cases with very different requirements. A new 5G multi-service air interface needs ...to enhance broadband performance as well as provide new levels of reliability, latency, and supported number of users. In this paper, we focus on the massive Machine Type Communications (mMTC) service within a multi-service air interface. Specifically, we present an overview of different physical and medium access techniques to address the problem of a massive number of access attempts in mMTC and discuss the protocol performance of these solutions in a common evaluation framework.
Employing inducible genetically engineered and orthotopic mouse models, we demonstrate a key role for transcriptional regulator Yap in maintenance of Kras-mutant pancreatic tumors. Integrated ...transcriptional and metabolomics analysis reveals that Yap transcribes Myc and cooperates with Myc to maintain global transcription of metabolic genes. Yap loss triggers acute metabolic stress, which causes tumor regression while inducing epigenetic reprogramming and Sox2 upregulation in a subset of pancreatic neoplastic cells. Sox2 restores Myc expression and metabolic homeostasis in Yap-deficient neoplastic ductal cells, which gradually re-differentiate into acinar-like cells, partially restoring pancreatic parenchyma in vivo. Both the short-term and long-term effects of Yap loss in inducing cell death and re-differentiation, respectively, are blunted in advanced, poorly differentiated p53-mutant pancreatic tumors. Collectively, these findings reveal a highly dynamic and interdependent metabolic, transcriptional, and epigenetic regulatory network governed by Yap, Myc, Sox2, and p53 that dictates pancreatic tumor metabolism, growth, survival, and differentiation.
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•Yap maintains the global metabolic transcriptional program in conjunction with Myc•Yap ablation triggers metabolic crisis and regresses early-stage pancreatic tumors•Yap ablation de-represses Sox2 and acinar lineage genes via DNA demethylation•Sox2 restores Myc and metabolic homeostasis in Yap-null pancreatic tumor cells
Murakami et al. demonstrate the stage-dependent requirement for Yap in PDAC maintenance. Yap knockout causes tumor regression and regeneration of pancreatic parenchyma in early-stage PDAC but only temporarily halts tumor growth in advanced p53 mutant PDAC tumors due to de-repression of Sox2, which substitutes for Yap in maintaining metabolic homeostasis.
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