We present a systematic study of the morphology and absorption properties of a typical donor–acceptor polymer (PCPDTBT) with semicrystalline behavior in solution and in thin films. In-situ ...spectroelectrochemical data give information about the evolution of the absorption spectra from neutral to charged species. The experimental data are supported by theoretical calculations in the framework of the density functional theory (DFT). Regarding thin film structures, we show that the choice of the solvent has significant influence on the morphology in thin films: whereas CS2 and CHCl3 give rather structureless (amorphous) morphologies, films from 1-CN exhibit a clear crystalline nanofiber morphology. Accompanying UV/vis/NIR spectra of films are highly dependent on the morphology and therefore on the choice of the processing solvent. The absorption of fiber morphologies is strongly red-shifted compared to the structureless films.
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling has a critical role in oncogenic Kras-driven pancreatic carcinogenesis. However, the downstream targets of this signaling network are largely ...unknown. We developed a novel model system utilizing murine primary pancreatic ductal epithelial cells (PDECs), genetically engineered to allow time-specific expression of oncogenic Kras(G12D) from the endogenous promoter. We show that primary PDECs are susceptible to Kras(G12D)-driven transformation and form pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas in vivo after Cdkn2a inactivation. In addition, we demonstrate that activation of Kras(G12D) induces an EGFR signaling loop to drive proliferation. Interestingly, pharmacological inhibition of EGFR fails to decrease Kras(G12D)-activated ERK or PI3K signaling. Instead our data provide novel evidence that EGFR signaling is needed to activate the oncogenic and pro-proliferative transcription factor c-MYC. EGFR and c-MYC have been shown to be essential for pancreatic carcinogenesis. Importantly, our data link both pathways and thereby explain the crucial role of EGFR for Kras(G12D)-driven carcinogenesis in the pancreas.
Recent studies implicate TRPV4 receptors in visceral pain signaling and intestinal inflammation. Our aim was to evaluate the role of TRPV4 in the control of gastrointestinal (GI) motility and to ...establish the underlying mechanisms. We used immunohistochemistry and PCR to study TRPV4 expression in the GI tract. The effect of TRPV4 activation on GI motility was characterized using in vitro and in vivo motility assays. Calcium and nitric oxide (NO) imaging were performed to study the intracellular signaling pathways. Finally, TRPV4 expression was examined in the colon of healthy human subjects. We demonstrated that TRPV4 can be found on myenteric neurons of the colon and is co-localized with NO synthase (NOS-1). In vitro, the TRPV4 agonist GSK1016790A reduced colonic contractility and increased inhibitory neurotransmission. In vivo, TRPV4 activation slowed GI motility and reduced stool production in mouse models mimicking pathophysiological conditions. We also showed that TRPV4 activation inhibited GI motility by reducing NO-dependent Ca
2+
release from enteric neurons. In conclusion, TRPV4 is involved in the regulation of GI motility in health and disease.
Key messages
• Recent studies implicate TRPV4 in pain signaling and intestinal inflammation.
• Our aim was to characterize the role of TRPV4 in the control of GI motility.
• We found that TRPV4 activation reduced colonic contractility.
• Our studies also showed altered TRPV4 mRNA expression in IBS-C patients.
• TRPV4 may be a novel pharmacological target in functional GI diseases.
Probability mapping of connectivity is a powerful tool to determine the fibre structure of white matter in the brain. Probability maps are related to the degree of connectivity to a chosen seed area. ...In many applications, however, it is necessary to isolate a fibre bundle that connects two areas. A frequently suggested solution is to select curves, which pass only through two or more areas. This is very inefficient, especially for long-distance pathways and small areas. In this paper, a novel probability-based method is presented that is capable of extracting neuronal pathways defined by two seed points. A Monte Carlo simulation based tracking method, similar to the Probabilistic Index of Connectivity (PICo) approach, was extended to preserve the directional information of the main fibre bundles passing a voxel. By combining two of these extended visiting maps arising from different seed points, two independent parameters are determined for each voxel: the first quantifies the uncertainty that a voxel is connected to both seed points; the second represents the directional information and estimates the proportion of fibres running in the direction of the other seed point (connecting fibre) or face a third area (merging fibre). Both parameters are used to calculate the probability that a voxel is part of the bundle connecting both seed points. The performance and limitations of this DTI-based method are demonstrated using simulations as well as
in vivo measurements.
The publication and distribution of scientific results is of major importance for the functioning of an information society and the tackling of the complex challenges the world faces today. It is not ...only scholars who rely on scientific publications to advance research but also the general public which demands scientific knowledge for its forthcoming. Major suppliers of scientific knowledge are the researchers themselves, science communicators and science journalists – each of which choose their very own approaches to selection, presentation and communication of science, often depending on the target group. Although different in their goals and approaches, digital media in particular has led to great overlaps which result in interwoven relationships equally affecting both external and internal forms of science communication. This edited book describes, quantifies and critically discusses the interplay between publisher- and journalism-driven science communication and its effect on the scholarly communication system, especially on the measures of impact evaluation. It is of major interest to researchers from science of science, bibliometrics, science communication, and journalism studies. ; The publication and distribution of scientific results is of major importance for the functioning of an information society and the tackling of the complex challenges the world faces today. It is not only scholars who rely on scientific publications to advance research but also the general public which demands scientific knowledge for its forthcoming. Major suppliers of scientific knowledge are the researchers themselves, science communicators and science journalists – each of which choose their very own approaches to selection, presentation and communication of science, often depending on the target group. Although different in their goals and approaches, digital media in particular has led to great overlaps which result in interwoven relationships equally affecting both external and internal forms of science communication. This edited book describes, quantifies and critically discusses the interplay between publisher- and journalism-driven science communication and its effect on the scholarly communication system, especially on the measures of impact evaluation. It is of major interest to researchers from science of science, bibliometrics, science communication, and journalism studies.
This new series presents and discusses new and innovative approaches used by professionals in library and information practice worldwide. The authors are chosen to provide critical analysis of issues ...and to present solutions to selected challenges in libraries and related fields, including information management and industry, and education of information professionals. The book series strives to present practical solutions that can be applied in institutions worldwide. It thereby contributes significantly to improvements in the field.
Libraries have quietly changed over the last 20 years. They have adapted early and consciously to the changes of digitalization, they have recognized the changed need of their users for collaborative ...work and derived new spatial concepts from this. Transparency and access to information, knowledge and encounters are the prerequisites for holistic social development. It is the challenge of the 21st century as the information age. This book presents the latest developments in library architecture as well as the way scientists and architects are meeting this challenge. With essays by Achim Bonte, Catherine Lau, Max Dudler, Georg Gewers, Henning Larsen Architects, MSAO Architects, Claudia Lux, Marco Muscogiuri, Schmidt Hammer Lassen Architects, Snohetta, Sauerbruch Hutton, gmp Architects followed by a conversion with Oliver Jahn and Dante Bonuccelli. KNOWLEDGE TALK's, curated and organized by the editor Architect Ines Miersch-Su, take place in occasion of the Book Publishing. KNOWLEDGE TALK#1 Renaissance - KNOWLEDGE FOR ALL with Prof. Dr. Claudia Lux and Prof. Dr. Eike Schmidt on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aKk_wRBGt1EThe new role of the Uffizi, Florence and the opening of knowledge to a wider society are subject of the first Knowledge Talk with Prof. Dr. Claudia Lux and Prof. Dr. Eike Schmidt live from the Uffizi on International Museum Day, May 18, 2021. The Knowledge Talk connects the topics from the new publication Libraries and Their Architecture in the 21st Century. KNOWLEDGE TALK#2 Creativity: RAUME FUR BUCHER fand am 5. Juli 2021 in der Zentralbibliothek Zurich statt: Max Dudler im Gesprach uber seine Bibliotheken. Lassen Sie sich diesen informativen Austausch nicht entgehen:https://www.zb.uzh.ch/de/events/max-dudler-im-gesprach-uber-seine-bibliotheken?date=316 KNOWLEDGE TALK #3 Change Exchange - ARCHITECTURE TO (GET IN) TOUCH was on Sunday, October 10, 2021, in DOKK1, Aarhus. Eight architects from Denmark and Germany introduce themselves. On the occasion of the German-Danish Year of Friendship 2020https://msaofuturefoundation.com/architecture-for-this-century/knowledge-talk-3-change-exchange KNOWLEDGE TALK #4 Engagement - OFFENTLICH BAUEN - DAS PERSPEKTIVEN-GESPRACH wird am 22. Marz 2022 um 18:00 Uhr im Felleshus der Nordischen Botschaften Berlin stattfinden! Alle Aktualitaten und das Programm finden Sie hier:https://msaofuturefoundation.com/architecture-for-this-century/ KNOWLEDGE TALK #5 Accessibility - DAS STADT-GESPRACH - ZUR STADTARCHITEKTUR DER ZUKUNFT: fand am 8. September 2022 um 19:00 Uhr im Lingnerschloss in Dresden statt! Im 5. und letzten Knowledge Talk der Reihe verbinden wir das Thema Zugang mit dem brennenden Fragen zur Nachhaltigkeit. Der Sachsische Staastminister Wolfram Gunther, die Generaldirektorin Katrin Stump der SLUB und Jette Hopp von Snohetta diskutierten zusammen zu den Themen Nachhaltigkeit und Open Access. Das Programm finden Sie hier: https://msaofuturefoundation.com/architecture-for-this-century/
Lernwelt Makerspace Viktoria Heinzel, Tobias Seidl, Richard Stang / Viktoria Heinzel, Tobias Seidl, Richard Stang
2020, 2020-07-06
eBook
Makerspaces entwickeln sich (stark inspiriert aus dem anglo-amerikanischen Kontext) zu einer neuen Art von Lehr- und Lernräumen. Neben der außerinstitutionellen Makerbewegung entwickeln unter anderem ...Hochschulen und Bibliotheken Konzepte zur Gestaltung von Makerspaces. In diesem Band werden diese Entwicklungen erstmalig grundlegend systematisiert und Konzepte vorgestellt, wie sich die Lernwelt "Makerspace" konturiert.
Diskussionen um Datennetze und Informationstechnik drehen sich haufig um kompetentes Handeln. In der Publikation werden Voraussetzungen eines autonomen informationellen Handelns gezeigt: ...Abstrahieren, Analogien bilden, Plausibilitaten beachten, Schlussfolgern und kreativ sein. Informationelle Kompetenz ist gelebte Informationelle Autonomie. Es lassen sich Konsequenzen fur ein zukunftiges Menschenbild in informationstechnischen Umgebungen ziehen.
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