Soils play an important role in maintaining sustainability of the biosphere, and they provide food, clothing, and the basis for human life on the Earth. Irrational land use often results in soil ...degradation and, sometimes, to its complete destruction. However, an inventory of destroyed soils has not yet been conducted systematically in any country of the world. In Russia, the traditional soil maps do not show destroyed soils either. We have made an attempt to create the first map of Russia to show soils destroyed as a result of a directed anthropogenic impact. It maps the areas where the soil cover was destroyed due to construction of buildings, facilities, motor and rail roads, mining quarries, and embankments. The OpenStreetMap crowdsourcing database has been used as the main information source. In addition, the results of the visual interpretation obtained for disturbed soils from the GoogleEarth
TM
satellite data were applied. The disturbed soil data were aggregated into soil–geographic units of the Unified State Register of Soil Resources of Russia (scale 1 : 2 500 000) (USRSR). The map is presented in the GIS format (shapefile). It specifies the area and the proportion of disturbed soils, as well as the type of impact resulting in such a disturbance.
For patients with primary brain injury, septic shock is especially dangerous due to the possibility of secondary cerebral damage. The key factor of sepsis-associated brain injury is inflammatory ...mediators, pathogen and damage-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs, DAMPs) release. Theoretically, blood purification may be beneficial for patients with primary brain injury due to its possibility for fast removal of inflammatory mediators.
We report on six post-neurosurgery septic shock patients treated with combined blood purification (CBP), which included CRRT with high adsorption capacity membrane in combination with CytoSorb adsorber. Clinical improvement in the course of CBP was registered in all patients. Three patients had a stable clinical improvement; the other three patients had only a transient improvement due to underlying neurological and cardiac deficits aggravation. We observed septic shock reversal in four patients. The key observations of the case series are a significant decrease in MOF severity (measured by SOFA score) and in catecholamine need (not statistically significant). By the end of CBP we observed a significant decrease in blood lactate, PCT and IL-6 levels. Two patients demonstrated level of consciousness increase in the setting of CBP therapy measured by GCS and FOUR score.
This case series demonstrates that CBP therapy may have a role for septic shock patients with primary brain injury.
The article investigates the issues of pipeline transport and the methods of protecting pipelines from corrosion, as well as the manufacture of pipes with internal and external coatings and ...proceeding construction of pipelines. The main objective of this article is to obtain a reliable and durable pipeline with internal and external coatings, as well as to preserve pipeline capacity and ease its installation.
The research papers assessing the content of soil organic carbon with the help of Vis-NIR spectroscopy approaches are systematically analyzed and subject to meta-analysis. This meta-analysis included ...134 studies published in 1986–2022 with a total sample of 709 values of quantitative metrics. The papers have been searched for in databases of scientific periodicals (RSCI, Science Direct, Scopus, and Google Scholar) by the key word combination “Vis-NIR spectroscopy AND soil organic carbon”. The meta-analysis using the nonparametric one-sided Kruskal–Wallis variance analysis in conjunction with nonparametric pairwise method shows the presence of a statistically significant difference between the median values of the accepted quantitative metrics of the predictive power of the models, namely, coefficient of determination (
R
2
cv/val
), root mean square error (RMSE), and the ratio of performance to deviation (RPD). The best performance of the preprocessing method for spectral curves is demonstrated and the estimates of soil organic carbon content obtained by laboratory and field spectroscopies are compared.
The research was aimed at the analysis of relationship between the soil surface spectral reflectance and the moisture content in soil samples as the basis for moisture detection based on remote ...sensing data. By the example of nine samples from the arable horizons of podzolized chernozem, gray forest and soddy-podzolic soils analyzed in laboratory, the relationship was assessed between the spectral reflectance of soil surface in the visible spectral band detected with the HandHeld-2 spectroradiometer and the moisture content in samples. It was found that changes in the soil moisture content induce synchronous changes in the integral reflection in the visible spectral band only in a rather narrow interval of moisture, being specific for different soils. Variation in soil moisture content beyond these intervals does not change the spectral reflectance of soil surface. The results obtained prove that most of the satellite survey data in the optical range register the dry state of open soil surface, though the arable horizon proper may be rather moist. These regularities should be taken into account when developing satellite techniques for prompt monitoring of soil moisture by the remote sensing data obtained within the optical range of electromagnetic waves.
In the modern world, computer technologies 3D and VIM-modeling are being used more and more often, often you will not find architects drawing by hand. Digitalization of the construction industry is ...developing rapidly and in various directions. Modern construction organizations are actively introducing information technologies into their professional assets, which, in turn, will include the following business processes: starting from personnel selection, accounting, internal document management, planning, development and placement of advertising, search and customer support, procurement, production of goods, performance of work, provision of services, ending with control over the execution of contracts, and many others. Technologies of augmented reality, the Internet of things, 3D-printing, generative design, machine learning, technologies including three-dimensional representation of buildings and structures, premises and many other technologies that help make various decisions are of particular importance. The article outlines some considerations about digitalizing the functions of a contractor, technical customer in the construction of buildings. The future is fast approaching, and we are moving towards technological singularity. The issue of digitalization of the functions of a contractor, technical customer in the construction of buildings is relevant in modern conditions. Taking into account the importance of the changes that are taking place, it is necessary to start using BIM modeling for the contractor, technical customer, intended for use by the public and private customer, developer, technical customer, and contractor in order to plan and implement information modeling processes for construction projects.
We consider the optimal control problem of a small nonlinear econometric model under parameter uncertainty and passive learning (open-loop feedback). Traditionally, this type of problems has been ...approached by applying linear-quadratic optimization algorithms. However, the literature demonstrated that those methods are very sensitive to the choice of random seeds frequently producing very large objective function values (outliers). Furthermore, to apply those established methods, the original nonlinear problem must be linearized first, which runs the risk of solving already a different problem. Following Savin and Blueschke (Comput Econ 48(2):317–338, 2016) in explicitly addressing parameter uncertainty with a large Monte Carlo experiment of possible parameter realizations and optimizing it with the Differential Evolution algorithm, we extend this approach to the case of passive learning. Our approach provides more robust results demonstrating greater benefit from learning, while at the same time does not require to modify the original nonlinear problem at hand. This result opens new avenues for application of heuristic optimization methods to learning strategies in optimal control research.
The author of the paper proposed a model of joint plastic deformation of two metals in cold state. That model is based on a well-known "oxide" hypothesis. It was demonstrated experimentally that ...steel/ brass close contact occurs as early as at the degree of deformation 0.15–0.20, but this level of deformation is insufficient to form a compound. A close contact of metals is a necessary but insufficient condition for compounding metals in cold state. The sufficient condition for two metals compounding is the degree of deformation more than 0.50. At this deformation level juvenile metal surfaces begin entering into contact by forming adhesion bridges.
The azimuthal asymmetries in the cross sections of charged-hadron production in the muon SIDIS reactions off the longitudinally polarised deuterons are determined using the COMPASS data of 2006 and ...combined data of 2002-2006. The asymmetries are presented as functions of the hadron azimuthal angle φ in two ways: first, for hadrons integrated over the kinematic variables and, second, as a function of one of the kinematic variables x, z or phT while integrating over two other. In each case asymmetries were fitted by functions included the φ-independent terms and terms amplitude of which are modulated with ø as predicted by the theory: sin φ, sin 2φ, sin 3φ and cos φ. Results for amplitudes are presented and discussed.
Digital technologies are being actively introduced into Russian agriculture at different levels of information analysis (from the plot to the field, farm, region, and whole country). One of the most ...important values in crop production at the field level is the introduction of systems for accurate, real-time, and automated monitoring of the crop status, the success of which largely predetermines the effectiveness of precision farming systems. The purpose of this research is to develop a methodology for using Internet of Things (IoT) technologies for noncontact monitoring of crops and related meteorological and soil-hydrological parameters. The basis for monitoring is a wireless network that includes sensor nodes equipped with sensors for meteorological parameters and soil moisture and cameras equipped with a fish-eye lens. Sensor nodes equipped with sensors and cameras are placed in the field according to a specially designed scheme individualized for each field. The development of the scheme of sensor placement in the field is based on analysis of long-term archives of satellite data with high spatial resolution and refined soil maps of large scale. Information from sensors is wirelessly transmitted to the network coordinator (or base station) and then to the remote server in the database, where it is automatically analyzed and interpolated to the entire field. The results of the analysis are used to form recommendations for correcting the agrotechnology of crop cultivation. The elements of the methodology have been tested on a number of test fields and have shown a high efficiency. The implementation of the proposed approaches can serve as an alternative to using remote sensing data for crop monitoring in offline precision farming systems.
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