The aim of the research was to analyze the relationship of color indicators of soil layers with the parameters obtained by ground-penetrating radar (GPR) profiling. Such parameters were the data of ...the spectral Fourier transform of the amplitude of the reflected pulse in the subsurface horizons of the soils of the Kamennaya Steppe area. GPR profiling was carried out by a Loza-V geophysical device. The diffraction points of reflected pulse amplitude corresponding to local soil horizons and groundwater surface were determined. The variability in the thickness of horizons and layers was calculated through the modules of amplitude maxima taking into account the conductivity of the horizon (dielectric permittivity and the rate of signal passage in a given medium). The procedure of verification of differentiation of sounding points was based on their comparison with real soil profiles and patterns. Statistical processing included the calculation of mean values, standard deviations, and frequencies of signal amplitude distribution; the use of the principal component method; and cluster analysis. Two polynomial models of connection of changes in parameters of the spectral Fourier transform of electromagnetic pulses in subsurface medium of chernozems with attributive parameters of formation of spectral pure colors of dominant wavelength (λ
i
) were constructed. The indicative parameters included the conditional coefficient of pure color (
K
λ
i
), which corresponds to the addition functions in the tri-color colorimetric system MKO XYZ 1931, and its saturation, which is completely determined by the properties of the reflection coefficient (R) in the spectral range of λ 580–720 nm (red band). The calculated parameters of soil chromaticity obtained on the basis of these models were the prerogative for constructing the RGB model of soil layers and its visualization in graphic editors.
The article considers the surface roughness of compression molds castings received by casting under pressure depending on the condition of the form-building surface. The technological process of ...casting under pressure is presented for the "Strike plate" product, concrete technological parameters values are specified. The pilot studies of the roughness of the castings throughout the entire period of operation of a compression mold are conducted. Based on the received values the recommendations about improvement of quality of a surface of castings by drawing sheetings are submitted by phisical vapour deposition method.
A temperature spectroscopic dielectric model of moist soils developed on the basis of measurements of six samples of thawed and frozen Arctic soils with different contents of organic matter, from 30 ...to 90%, is presented. This model allows predicting complex permittivity values of moist soil that are in a good agreement with dielectric measurements. It is applicable in a frequency range from 0.05 to 15 GHz, a temperature range from ‒30° to +25°C, and a moisture range from 0.009 to 1.001 g/g. It can be recommended for use in remote sensing algorithms of moisture and temperature of soil using space radiometric and radar data.
In the article various approaches to a research of the mechanism of destruction of form-building surfaces of compression molds for the casting under pressure (CUP) are considered. The main reasons ...for emergence of various defects of working surfaces of form-building details are defined. Method of calculation of the parameters allowing to define operability of concrete products are specified. The option of production of form-building surfaces with the raised operational characteristics drawing sheetings by method of phisical vapour deposition (PVD). is offered. Results of pilot studies on determination of optimum structure of a covering for a form-building surface are given.
Posterior cranial fossa (PCF) surgery is associated with the risk of increased intracranial pressure
ICP) under tentorium. The last one can lead to severe brainstem syndromes and postoperative ...complications. The currently recommended method for ICP control with a supratentorial parenchymal sensor or CSF pressure measurement through an external ventricular drainage is ineffective. Indeed, these methods do not show the true situation in the PCF.
To determine the feasibility of ICP sensor insertion into cerebellar parenchyma for PCF edema after neurosurgery.
We retrospectively analyzed literature data (15 references) and 3 patients after ICP sensor insertion into cerebellar parenchyma for ICP control in PCF.
ICP sensor insertion into cerebellar parenchyma is indicated for infratentorial postoperative edema.
The brief description of the Letter of Intent proposing primarily to perform measurements of asymmetries of the DY pair production in collisions of non-polarized, longitudinally and transversally ...polarized protons and deuterons which provide an access to all leading twist collinear and TMD PDFs of quarks and anti-quarks in nucleons.
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Selenium is an important element for human health. Many studies have identified selenium deficiency in soil and water as an important factor in causing Keshan Disease (KD) in Northeast China. ...Previous studies have mainly focused on soil selenium content, staple food selenium content, and human selenium level, but there are few systematic studies on soil selenium’s existing forms and their migration from soil to crops and the human body. This paper focused on inferring the barrier factors in the migration of selenium from soil to crop and the human body and transformation of its compounds. It provides a reference basis for the etiological analysis, prevention, control, and elimination of KD. The study used 121 183 samples of topsoil (0−20 cm), 30 295 soil parent samples of selenium and other geochemical indices in northeast China, and crop seeds and human hair samples from the KD endemic area. The surface soil selenium was dominantly selenium-sufficient in Northeast China. However, the soil selenium levels were generally low. The average topsoil selenium in Northeast China was 0.20 mg/kg, significantly lower than the world’s average soil selenium content (0.4 mg/kg) and slightly lower than the Chinese average soil selenium content (0.24 mg/kg). Soil selenium mainly existed in strongly bounding by organic bound, with humic acid, and residue forms. The amount of selenium available to plants was sufficient in the selenium-sufficient and KD-endemic areas. However, the average selenium content of human hair was deficient, on average, with 0.16 mg/kg in KD endemic area. We assume that lower soil selenium content may be the basic factor influencing the biogeochemical deficiency of selenium in Northeast China. The sequestration of selenium by clay chemical constituents, such as iron and aluminum oxides and soil organic matter, especially in acidic soils, is another direct contributing factor to the low selenium content in biogeochemical food chain, which increases the risk of KD in the population.
Spatial aspects of applied Soil Science
Bûlletenʹ Počvennogo instituta imeni V.V. Dokučaeva/Bûlletenʹ Počvennogo instituta im. V.V. Dokučaeva,
03/2020
Journal Article
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a specific form of lung inflammation characterized by diffuse alveolar damage, noncardiogenic pulmonary edema, as well as a pulmonary and systemic inflammation. The ...pathogenesis of ALI involves a cascade inflammatory response accompanied by an increase in the local and systemic levels of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. The development of molecular tools targeting key components of cytokine signaling appears to be a promising approach in ALI treatment. The development of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI, as well as the feasibility of suppressing it by an aptamer targeting the proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α, was studied in a mouse model. The TNF-α level was shown to increase significantly and remain steadily high during the development of ALI. LPS-induced morphological signs of inflammation in the respiratory system become most pronounced 24 h after induction. Intranasal administration of TNF-α-targeting aptamers conjugated with polyethylene glycol (PEG-aptTNF-α) to mice with ALI reduced the intensity of inflammatory changes in lung tissue. Assessment of the levels of potential TNF-α target genes (Usp18, Traf1, and Tnfaip3) showed that their expression levels in the lungs increase during ALI development, while declining after the application of PEG-aptTNF-α. Therefore, topical use of TNF-α- targeting aptamers may be an efficient tool for treating ALI and other inflammatory lung diseases.Acute lung injury (ALI) is a specific form of lung inflammation characterized by diffuse alveolar damage, noncardiogenic pulmonary edema, as well as a pulmonary and systemic inflammation. The pathogenesis of ALI involves a cascade inflammatory response accompanied by an increase in the local and systemic levels of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. The development of molecular tools targeting key components of cytokine signaling appears to be a promising approach in ALI treatment. The development of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI, as well as the feasibility of suppressing it by an aptamer targeting the proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α, was studied in a mouse model. The TNF-α level was shown to increase significantly and remain steadily high during the development of ALI. LPS-induced morphological signs of inflammation in the respiratory system become most pronounced 24 h after induction. Intranasal administration of TNF-α-targeting aptamers conjugated with polyethylene glycol (PEG-aptTNF-α) to mice with ALI reduced the intensity of inflammatory changes in lung tissue. Assessment of the levels of potential TNF-α target genes (Usp18, Traf1, and Tnfaip3) showed that their expression levels in the lungs increase during ALI development, while declining after the application of PEG-aptTNF-α. Therefore, topical use of TNF-α- targeting aptamers may be an efficient tool for treating ALI and other inflammatory lung diseases.
Quantitative characterization of coarsening is achieved through topological measurements such as the genus, the number of handles, and the number of independent bodies (liquid droplets). Topological ...analysis was performed on experimentally derived, three-dimensional reconstructions of dendritic microstructures. Measured topological quantities were reported on a per volume basis and scaled by the length scale of the system to remove effects of the changing length scale during coarsening. The scaled genus decreased with coarsening time due to the simplification of the topology of the microstructure, while the number of liquid droplets increased with coarsening time. These results were supplemented with calculations of the interfacial velocity determined using phase-field simulations that employ the experimental three-dimensional reconstructions as the initial condition. Through these calculations it is shown that liquid droplets form through capillary-driven instabilities of interconnected liquid channels, while liquid tubes are created through topological singularities occurring on large planar-like walls of liquid.
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