Aims
To confirm the stress‐relieving effects of heat‐inactivated, enteric‐colonizing Lactobacillus gasseri CP2305 (paraprobiotic CP2305) in medical students taking a cadaver dissection course.
...Methods and Results
Healthy students (21 males and 11 females) took paraprobiotic CP2305 daily for 5 weeks during a cadaver dissection course. The General Health Questionnaire and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index were employed to assess stress‐related somatic symptoms and sleep quality respectively. The aggravation of stress‐associated somatic symptoms was observed in female students (P = 0·029). Sleep quality was improved in the paraprobiotic CP2305 group (P = 0·038), particularly in men (P = 0·004). Among men, paraprobiotic CP2305 shortened sleep latency (P = 0·035) and increased sleep duration (P = 0·048). Diarrhoea‐like symptoms were also effectively controlled with CP2305 (P = 0·005) in men. Thus, we observed sex‐related differences in the effects of paraprobiotic CP2305. In addition, CP2305 affected the growth of faecal Bacteroides vulgatus and Dorea longicatena, which are involved in intestinal inflammation.
Conclusions
CP2305 is a potential paraprobiotic that regulates stress responses, and its beneficial effects may depend on specific cell component(s).
Significance and Impact of the Study
This study characterizes the effects of a stress‐relieving para‐psychobiotic in humans.
Aims
To clarify the effects of Lactobacillus gasseri CP2305 (CP2305) on quality of life and clinical symptoms and its functional mechanisms in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).
Methods ...and Results
After the patients were administered CP2305 daily for 4 weeks, the IBS‐severity index score was significantly improved compared with that of the placebo group, and this improvement was accompanied by a reduction in health‐related worry and changes in intestinal microbiota. The gene expression profiling of the peripheral blood leucocytes showed that CP2305 treatment significantly up‐regulated genes related to eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (EIF2) signalling. Eighty‐two genes were down‐regulated in IBS patients compared with healthy controls. The expression of 23 of these genes exhibited a CP2305‐dependent increase associated with an improvement in IBS severity. The majority of the restored genes were related to EIF2 signalling.
Conclusions
CP2305 administration is a potential candidate therapeutic option for patients with IBS.
Significance and Impact of the Study
Although probiotics have been proposed to benefit IBS patients, objective clinical evidence and elucidation of the functional mechanism remain insufficient. Our study demonstrated that CP2305 administration beneficially influences IBS patients in both subjective and objective evaluations, and gene expression profiling provided insights into the functional mechanism.
Studies in animals have suggested that lactic acid bacteria alleviate allergic diseases, however, little information is available on their clinical effect on allergy in humans. Thus, we examined the ...efficacy of orally administered Lactobacillus acidophilus strain L-92 (L-92) on perennial allergic rhinitis. In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, 49 patients with perennial allergic rhinitis were randomized to receive either 100mL of heat-treated fermented milk containing L-92 (n=25) or acidified milk without lactic acid bacteria (placebo; n=24) for 8 wk. The severity of symptoms was evaluated based on the changes in the scores of clinical symptoms. Oral administration of milk fermented with L-92 resulted in a statistically significant improvement of nasal symptom-medication scores. Ocular symptom-medication scores of patients in the L-92 intervention group tended to improve compared with those in the placebo group. In addition, clear decreases of the scores of swelling and color of the nasal mucosa were observed in the L-92 intervention group at 6 and 8 wk after the start of ingestion of fermented milk. There were no significant differences in serum antihouse dust mite immunoglobulin E levels nor in T helper type 1/T helper type 2 ratio between the 2 groups. These results suggest that oral administration of L-92 can alleviate the symptoms of perennial allergic rhinitis, however, statistically significant changes were not shown in blood parameters.
An enantioselective total synthesis of epothilones A (1) and B (2) using multifunctional asymmetric catalysis such as a cyanosilylation of an aldehyde, an aldol reaction of an unmodified ketone with ...an aldehyde, and a protonation in the conjugate addition of a thiol to an α,β-unsaturated thioester has been achieved. We divided 1 and 2 into fragment A, fragment B, and fragment C. A catalytic asymmetric synthesis of fragments A and B was accomplished using a catalytic asymmetric cyanosilylation as a key step. An enantiocontrolled synthesis of fragment C was achieved in two ways. One is the use of a direct catalytic asymmetric aldol reaction of an unmodified ketone with an aldehyde as a key step, and the other utilizes a catalytic asymmetric protonation in the conjugate addition of a thiol to an α,β-unsaturated thioester as a key step. Suzuki cross-coupling of fragment A with fragment C followed by Yamaguchi lactonization as key steps led to an enantiocontrolled synthesis of epothilone A (1). On the other hand, Suzuki cross-coupling of fragment B with fragment C followed by Yamaguchi lactonization accomplished an enantiocontrolled synthesis of epothilone B (2).
The complete crystal structure (including hydrogen) of dihydrate β-chitin, a homopolymer of N-acetylglucosamine hydrate, was determined using high-resolution X-ray and neutron fiber diffraction data ...collected from bathophilous tubeworm Lamellibrachia satsuma. Two water molecules per N-acetylglucosamine residue are clearly localized in the structure and these participate in most of the hydrogen bonds. The conformation of the labile acetamide groups and hydroxymethyl groups are similar to those found in anhydrous β-chitin, but more relaxed. Unexpectedly, the intrachain O3-H...O5 hydrogen bond typically observed for crystalline β,1-4 glycans is absent, providing important insights into its relative importance and its relationship to solvation.
Aims To confirm the stress-relieving effects of heat-inactivated, enteric-colonizing Lactobacillus gasseriCP2305 (paraprobiotic CP2305) in medical students taking a cadaver dissection course. Methods ...and Results Healthy students (21 males and 11 females) took paraprobiotic CP2305 daily for 5 weeks during a cadaver dissection course. The General Health Questionnaire and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index were employed to assess stress-related somatic symptoms and sleep quality respectively. The aggravation of stress-associated somatic symptoms was observed in female students (P = 0·029). Sleep quality was improved in the paraprobiotic CP2305 group (P = 0·038), particularly in men (P = 0·004). Among men, paraprobiotic CP2305 shortened sleep latency (P = 0·035) and increased sleep duration (P = 0·048). Diarrhoea-like symptoms were also effectively controlled with CP2305 (P = 0·005) in men. Thus, we observed sex-related differences in the effects of paraprobiotic CP2305. In addition, CP2305 affected the growth of faecal Bacteroides vulgatus and Dorea longicatena, which are involved in intestinal inflammation. Conclusions CP2305 is a potential paraprobiotic that regulates stress responses, and its beneficial effects may depend on specific cell component(s). Significance and Impact of the Study This study characterizes the effects of a stress-relieving para-psychobiotic in humans.
► The hydroxymethyl group O6 takes the gt conformation. ► The complexed ethylenediamine molecule has a trans conformation. ► The amine group was accepting hydrogen-bonding from O6 as in the case of ...cellulose.
The crystal structure of a complex of β-chitin with ethylenediamine (EDA) was determined by synchrotron X-ray fiber diffraction. Data were collected from a sample prepared from the bathophilous tubeworm Lamellibrachia satsuma. The unit cell contains one chain having one N-acetylglucosamine residue in the asymmetric unit with the hydroxymethyl group in gt conformation (a=4.682Å, b=14.351Å, c=10.275Å and γ=96.24° in space group P21). The complexed EDA molecule has a trans conformation with one amino group tightly bound to the primary alcohol hydroxyl group O6 atom of the N-acetylglucosamine residue in an arrangement similar to that found in the EDA–cellulose I complex. The other amino group has no detectible hydrogen bonding and higher thermal displacement. This common interaction between EDA and O6 would appear to be the dominant driving interaction for complex formation with both β-chitin and cellulose.
The hydrogen bonding arrangement in anhydrous β-chitin, a homopolymer of N-acetylglucosamine, was directly determined by neutron fiber diffraction. Data were collected from a sample prepared from the ...bathophilous tubeworm Lamellibrachia satsuma in which all labile hydrogen atoms had been replaced by deuterium. Initial positions of deuterium atoms on hydroxyl and acetamide groups were directly located in Fourier maps synthesized using phases calculated from the X-ray structure and amplitudes measured from the neutron data. The hydrogen bond arrangement in the refined structure is in general agreement with predictions based on the X-ray structure: O3 donates a hydrogen bond to the O5 ring oxygen atom of a neighboring residue in the same chain; N2 and O6 donate hydrogen bonds to the same carbonyl oxygen O7 of an adjacent chain. The intramolecular O3···O5 hydrogen bond has the most energetically favorable geometry with a hydrogen to acceptor distance of 1.77 Å and a hydrogen bond angle of 171°.
PDF
