Studies show that high health literacy (HL) can support the promotion and maintenance of healthy behavior such as physical activity (PA). However, most studies rely on subjective data. The aim of the ...present study is to investigate the relationship between HL and PA, not only with subjectively but also with objectively measured PA data. The present study is a pooled analysis of baseline data from the research association TRISEARCH (2015-2018), which focused on the HL of working adults. HL was measured by Lenartz' questionnaire, and PA by the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ; n = 1056). A subsample (n = 124) also received accelerometers (Actigraph GT3X+) to provide more objective PA data. Partial correlations and regression models were used to investigate the relationship between HL and questionnaire- and accelerometer-derived PA. Very low and medium partial correlations could be found for HL subscales and daily PA by questionnaire (r = -0.06,
< 0.05) and accelerometer (r = 0.26,
< 0.01). No subscale of HL made a significant contribution to the amount of daily PA (all
> 0.05). Not all subscales of HL seem to have an influence on the occurrence of healthy behavior, such as PA. This should be considered when HL-based interventions are designed. Further investigation of the relationship between HL and PA is needed. Objective assessments of both HL and PA can provide additional information for this task.
From evolutionary psychological reasoning, we derived the hypothesis that chronic and contextually aroused feelings of vulnerability to disease motivate negative reactions to foreign peoples. The ...hypothesis was tested and supported across four correlational studies: chronic disease worries predicted implicit cognitions associating foreign outgroups with danger, and also predicted less positive attitudes toward foreign (but not familiar) immigrant groups. The hypothesis also received support in two experiments in which the salience of contagious disease was manipulated: participants under high disease-salience conditions expressed less positive attitudes toward foreign (but not familiar) immigrants and were more likely to endorse policies that would favor the immigration of familiar rather than foreign peoples. These results reveal a previously under-explored influence on xenophobic attitudes, and suggest interesting linkages between evolved disease-avoidance mechanisms and contemporary social cognition.
The methodology of intervention studies on physical activity (PA) promotion is of great importance regarding evidence development in complex interventions. The aim of this review was to provide an ...overview of the methodological quality of those studies which reported statistically significant effects of interventions promoting PA. PUBMED was searched for reviews on PA promotion to identify studies reporting effective interventions with participants of working age (16⁻67 years). Selected reviews were screened and data from primary studies with effective interventions were extracted to assess methodological quality. Forty-six reviews with 600 primary studies were identified, of which 33 met the inclusion criteria. Twenty-one studies were conducted as randomized controlled trials, 13 included an intervention control group, 25 measured PA by questionnaire, and 13 included objective measurements. Information on used statistics was often scarce, and long-term follow-up measurements were frequently missing. The overall methodological quality was moderate for randomized studies and low for non-randomized studies; information on methods and results was often lacking. To overcome these methodological issues, standardized guidelines for reporting study results should be considered, not only when publishing results but also when designing studies. This review provides a solid foundation for the development of practical advice for planning application-oriented studies in PA promotion.
The integration of health coaching in workplace interventions has increased over the past several years. However, the tasks and the qualifications of the coaches have not been clearly defined. The ...objective of this qualitative study was to assess workplace stakeholders’ expectations regarding a health coach. Systematic field notes of 11 meetings and 14 semi-structured interviews with stakeholders of a workplace intervention, including employees, company doctors, and representatives of health insurances, were analyzed according to the structured content analysis. Stakeholders reported that the main aspect of a health coach’s work should be the motivation of clients (workers) to achieve their internally developed goals. Regarding the coach’s competencies, personal, methodological, and social skills were desired. They also expected that the health coach use a range of different approaches to develop contacts and, in terms of content, focus on physical activity. These findings provide a step toward establishing criteria for professional health coaching and an evidence-based curriculum for coach training.
The Tables summarize experimental results from muonic atom transition energies, nuclear charge parameters from elastic electron scattering, and
K x-ray isotope shifts in so far as they provide ...information on nuclear ground-state charge radii. Numerous experimental results for optical isotope shifts have been published elsewhere; for eight elements the relevant information is condensed ("projected") here to one optical line per element. A model-independent analysis which combines data from all three experimental methods is applied to these elements and is presented as an illustration of the improved accuracy for the rms radii and Barrett radii which result from this analysis.
Decompressive craniectomy (DC) is beneficial in people with malignant middle cerebral artery infarction. Whether DC improves outcome in spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) is unknown.
To ...determine whether DC without haematoma evacuation plus best medical treatment (BMT) in people with ICH decreases the risk of death or dependence at 6 months compared to BMT alone.
SWITCH is an international, multicentre, randomised (1:1), two-arm, open-label, assessor-blinded trial. Key inclusion criteria are age ⩽75 years, stroke due to basal ganglia or thalamic ICH that may extend into cerebral lobes, ventricles or subarachnoid space, Glasgow coma scale of 8-13, NIHSS score of 10-30 and ICH volume of 30-100 mL. Randomisation must be performed <66 h after onset and DC <6 h after randomisation. Both groups will receive BMT. Participants randomised to the treatment group will receive DC of at least 12 cm in diameter according to institutional standards.
A sample of 300 participants randomised 1:1 to DC plus BMT versus BMT alone provides over 85% power at a two-sided alpha-level of 0.05 to detect a relative risk reduction of 33% using a chi-squared test.
The primary outcome is the composite of death or dependence, defined as modified Rankin scale score 5-6 at 6 months. Secondary outcomes include death, functional status, quality of life and complications at 180 days and 12 months.
SWITCH will inform physicians about the outcomes of DC plus BMT in people with spontaneous deep ICH, compared to BMT alone.
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02258919.
The first measurement of the yields of three kaonic nitrogen X-ray transitions, using the DEAR (DAΦNE Exotic Atom Research) setup at the DAΦNE collider of Frascati, is reported. The yields are ...41.5±8.7(stat.)±4.1(sys.)% for the n=7→6 transition, 55.0±3.9(stat.)±5.5(sys.)% for the n=6→5 transition and 57.4±15.2(stat.)±5.7(sys.)% for the n=5→4 transition at a density ρ=3.4ρNTP. By using the experimental yields in an atomic cascade calculation, a 1 to 3% K-shell electron population in the n=6 level was deduced.
Cosmogenic Be-10 in river-borne quartz sand records a time-integrated erosion rate representative of an entire drainage basin. When sequestered in a terrace of known age, paleo-erosion rates may be ...recovered from the nuclide content of the terrace material. Paleo-erosion rates between 30 and 80 mm/kyr are determined from terrace sediments 200 to 30,000 yr in age of the Allier and Dore Rivers, France, and the Meuse (Maas) River, the Netherlands. Erosion rates determined from cosmogenic nuclides on terraces from the Allier River are consistent with rates derived from the sedimentary fill of a lake in the Allier catchment. A strong decrease in cosmogenic nuclide-derived erosion rates from terraces of the Meuse River with Late Pleistocene to Holocene age is observed. The paleo-erosion signal from cosmogenic nuclides records projection of the elevated Late Pleistocene erosion rate into the time-integrated rates derived from Middle European rivers.
Effects of substitution of inulin for 42DE (dextrose equivalent) corn syrup in reduced fat ice cream were studied using sensory analysis. Three combinations of inulin and corn syrup were evaluated ...for iciness, chewiness, sweetness and vanilla flavor intensity. Replacing 50% or 100% of 42DE corn syrup with inulin increased chewiness. However, sweetness and vanilla flavor intensity perception of the ice cream were reduced. Storage stability data showed that partial or full replacement of 42DE corn syrup with inulin inhibited ice crystal formation over a 6-wk thermal abuse period.
The approach to limit therapy in very old intensive care unit patients (VIPs) significantly differs between regions. The focus of this multicenter analysis is to illuminate, whether the Clinical ...Frailty Scale (CFS) is a suitable tool for risk stratification in VIPs admitted to intensive care units (ICUs) in Germany. Furthermore, this investigation elucidates the impact of therapeutic limitation on the length of stay and mortality in this setting.
German cohorts' data from two multinational studies (VIP-1, VIP-2) were combined. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to evaluate associations with mortality.
415 acute VIPs were included. Frail VIPs (CFS > 4) were older (85 IQR 82–88 vs. 83 IQR 81–86 years p < .001) and suffered from an increased 30-day-mortality (43.4% versus 23.9%, p < .0001). CFS was an independent predictor of 30-day-mortality in a multivariate logistic regression model (aOR 1.23 95%CI 1.04–1.46 p = .02). Patients with any limitation of life-sustaining therapy had a significantly increased 30-day mortality (86% versus 16%, p < .001) and length of stay (144 IQR 72–293 versus 96 IQR 47.25–231.5 hours, p = .026).
In German ICUs, any limitation of life-sustaining therapy in VIPs is associated with a significantly increased ICU length of stay and mortality. CFS reliably predicts the outcome.
•We prospectively evaluated “real-world data” from more than 400 very old intensive care patients.•Both from medical and surgical intensive care units were observed.•In German critical care medicine, the Clinical Frailty Scale is a valuable and reliable tool for risk stratification.•Patients with any limitation of life-sustaining therapy had a significantly increased 30-day mortality and length of stay.•The “German approach” of limiting life-sustaining therapy significantly differs from other European countries.
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