Low Gain Avalanche Detector (LGAD) technology has been used to design and construct prototypes of time-zero detector for experiments utilizing proton and pion beams with High Acceptance Di-Electron ...Spectrometer (HADES) at GSI Darmstadt, Germany. LGAD properties have been studied with proton beams at the COoler SYnchrotron facility in Jülich, Germany. We have demonstrated that systems based on a prototype LGAD operated at room temperature and equipped with leading-edge discriminators reach a time precision below 50 ps. The application in the HADES, experimental conditions, as well as the test results obtained with proton beams are presented.
In the paediatric cardiac catheterization laboratory the reduction of the radiation dose of diagnostic and interventional procedures is of high priority. Therefore, we performed an experimental study ...for optimizing the automatic exposure control (AEC) for cardiac angiography. With a Philips Integris BH 5000 system, six AEC programs were configured to acquire X-ray images of 8 cm to 18.5 cm thick PMMA phantoms at tube voltages between 50 kV and 90 kV, with 0.2 mm or 0.4 mm Cu filters and with or without an anti-scatter grid. At constant detector dose, entrance dose (ED) and image quality were evaluated as functions of the voltage. Changes in image quality were determined by the differential signal-to-noise ratio measured within regions of low (SNRb) and high (SNRd) attenuation. At equal voltages, ED saving was approximately 29% with the 0.4 mm Cu beam filtering as compared with 0.2 mm Cu, largely independent of object thickness. SNRb and SNRd were only dependent on the voltage. While SNRb was high at low voltages, SNRd showed a maximum at approximately 79 kV. Using a grid, ED increased with increasing object thickness by a factor of 1.9 to 3.5. At equal voltages, the grid led to significant image improvements, with SNRb and SNRd increasing by 27% and 11%, respectively. SNRb and SNRd are useful descriptors of the image quality in cardiac angiography. Highest image quality was found with tube voltages between 55 kV and 77 kV, independently of object thickness. To minimize dose, the thickness of the copper filter should be chosen to be as large as possible provided the tube's power limit allows keeping the voltage below the upper limit. In view of the substantial image improvement, the use of a grid is recommended for all patients, even for newborns.
Zusammenfassung
Frauen im Erwachsenenalter mit einem angeborenen Herzfehler (EMAH) werden in Zukunft aufgrund des medizinischen Fortschritts eine immer größere Patientinnengruppe bilden, die auch in ...gynäkologischen und geburtshilflichen Bereichen rechtzeitig und interdisziplinär beraten werden muss. Bezüglich einer Kontrazeption steht Frauen im reproduktionsfähigen Alter mit angeborenem Herzfehler grundsätzlich die gesamte Bandbreite der Kontrazeptiva zur Verfügung, die jedoch nur nach individueller Beratung eingesetzt werden dürfen. Vorher muss das kardiale Grundrisiko definiert werden. Das Hauptrisiko bei der Anwendung kombinierter hormoneller Kontrazeptiva besteht in einem erhöhten venösen Thromboembolierisiko, Gestagenmonopräparate dagegen sind deutlich risikoärmer. Situationen unter einer Antikoagulation oder bei Herzrhythmusstörungen müssen gesondert betrachtet werden. Auch die Compliance der Patientin muss bei der Beratung berücksichtigt werden. Die erforderliche Sicherheit der Methode ist abhängig vom kardialen Risiko beim Eintreten einer gewollten oder ungewollten Schwangerschaft.
Low Gain Avalanche Detector (LGAD) technology has been used to design and construct prototypes of time-zero detector for experiments utilizing proton and pion beams with High Acceptance Di-Electron ...Spectrometer (HADES) at GSI Darmstadt, Germany. LGAD properties have been studied with proton beams at the COoler SYnchrotron (COSY) facility in J\"ulich, Germany. We have demonstrated that systems based on a prototype LGAD operated at room temperature and equipped with leading-edge discriminators reach a time precision below 50 ps. The application in the HADES, experimental conditions, as well as the test results obtained with proton beams are presented.
Abstract
In view of numerous texts from completely different genres the study shows to what extent and degree of differentiation the topic soccer is covered in German-language literature and allows ...general conclusions on a poetics of sport. Here solely German-language literary sources are considered.
The work is divided into a theoretical and a text-related part. In the former section the approaches to the topic - on one hand via German studies and on the other hand via interdisciplinary sport science - is made clear by means of basic considerations on the questions "what is literature?" and "what is sport". In addition, a revisable basis for the subsequent studies is provided.
The text-related part - in turn subdivided according to the three main genres lyric poetry, epic poetry and drama - shows how exactly soccer appears as literary subject. Formal differences induced by the form of presentation within a genre (sonnet vs. visual poetry) or across genres (detective story vs. modern drama) take effect as well as context-related variations of the subject (soccer as symbolic carrier of meaning vs. soccer as vehicle for transporting ethical values). A concluding chapter each on the realization of the sport models introduced in the theoretical part in literary practice follow the individual genre areas.
The various aspects that can be attributed to a poetics of sport conclude the study in a summarizing part. Not least here the comprehensiveness of the findings can be seen.
Abstract
Die Untersuchung zeigt mit Blick auf zahlreiche Texte ganz unterschiedlicher Gattungen, in welchem Umfang und wie differenziert das Thema Fußball in der deutschen Literatur behandelt wird und lässt damit allgemeine Rückschlüsse auf eine Poetik des Sports zu. Betrachtet werden hier ausschließlich deutschsprachige, literarische Quellen.
Die Arbeit gliedert sich in einen theoretischen und einen textbezogenen Teil. Im erstgenannten Abschnitt wird durch grundsätzliche Überlegungen zu den Fragen ,,Was ist Literatur? " und ,,Was ist Sport? " der einerseits germanistische, andererseits interdisziplinäre sportwissenschaftliche Zugang zum Thema verdeutlicht. Zudem ist hier eine überprüfbare Basis für die anschließenden Untersuchungen geschaffen.
Der textbezogene Teil - wiederum untergliedert nach den drei Hauptgattungen Lyrik, Epik und Drama - zeigt, wie Fußball genau als literarisches Motiv erscheint. Formale Unterschiede bedingt durch die Darstellungsform innerhalb einer Gattung (Sonett vs. Visuelle Poesie) oder grenzüberschreitend (Kriminalroman vs. Modernes Drama) kommenden dabei ebenso zum Tragen wie inhaltliche Variationen des Motivs (Fußball als symbolischer Bedeutungsträger vs. Fußball als Vehikel zur Vermittlung ethischer Werte). Je ein resümierendes Kapitel über die Umsetzung der im theoretischen Teil eingeführten Sportmodelle in der literarischen Praxis schließt sich an die einzelnen Gattungsbereiche an.
Die verschiedenen Aspekte, die sich einer Poetik des Sports zuschreiben lassen, schließen die Studie in einem zusammenfassenden Teil ab. Nicht zuletzt hier zeigt sich die Reichhaltigkeit der Untersuchungsergebnisse.
Conjoint behavioral consultation (CBC) can be considered a help-giving model,
wherein consultants work with parents and teachers in an effort to develop
constructive partnerships aimed at addressing ...needs of students for whom both
parties share responsibility. The development of strong relationships among
systems in a child's life is related to positive outcomes for
children, and congruence among systems is one relationship variable that has
received previous research attention. This study examined the degree to which
parent and teacher perceptions of the helpfulness of the CBC consultant are
congruent, and its relationship with various case outcomes. Correlational
analyses suggest that parents' and teachers' perspectives of
the helpfulness of the consultant are not necessarily related to each other, and
as differences increase, perceptions of outcomes decrease for both parties.
Research implications, limitations, and future directions are offered.
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