BMI and Seatbelt Use Schlundt, David G; Briggs, Nathaniel C; Miller, Stephania T ...
Obesity research,
11/2007, Letnik:
15, Številka:
11
Journal Article
OBJECTIVE: Seatbelt use among obese persons may be reduced because seatbelts are uncomfortable. We investigated the association between obesity and seatbelt use with data from the 2002 Behavioral ...Risk Factor Surveillance System Survey. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: Multivariable logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for seatbelt use among overweight (BMI, 25.0 to 29.9), obese (BMI, 30.0 to 39.9), and extremely obese (BMI >= 40.0) persons, relative to a non-overweight/non-obese reference group (BMI <= 24.9), adjusted for age, race, gender, education, and state seatbelt law. RESULTS: Adjusted odds ratios for seatbelt use were 0.89 (95% CI, 0.85 to 0.93) for overweight, 0.69 (0.66 to 0.73) for obese, and 0.45 (95% CI, 0.40 to 0.50) for extremely obese persons. Interaction effects were evident for all covariates, with stronger associations between increasing BMI and decreasing seatbelt use for women, increasing age, higher education, and residence in states with a secondary seatbelt law. There was a linear decrease in seatbelt use with increasing BMI for all subgroups except persons 18 to 24 years old. DISCUSSION: Lack of seatbelt can be added to the list of risk factors associated with obesity. Effective preventive interventions are needed to promote seatbelt use among overweight and obese persons.
Computer analysis was used to assess eating behavior and adherence to a nutritional intervention program in a sample of non-insulin-dependent diabetes patients
Twenty adolescents with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus were interviewed to obtain samples of problem situations that create obstacles to dietary adherence. The resulting 57 situations were ...analyzed using a reliable coding system to determine the presence or absence of 28 stimulus features. A hierarchical cluster analysis was used to identify 10 relatively homogeneous categories of obstacles to dietary adherence: being tempted to stop trying; negative emotional eating; facing forbidden foods; peer interpersonal conflict; competing priorities; eating at school; social events and holidays; food cravings; snacking when home, alone, or bored; and social pressure to eat. Diabetes educators should consider an individual's ability to cope with this array of obstacles to adherence when individualizing treatment. Dietary intervention then can be personalized to address specific situational obstacles
Patient education is an increasingly important part of modern health care. Health professionals' ability to effectively teach their patients is therefore an important concern for medical educators. ...This report describes a program designed to improve health professionals' teaching skills. Effective Patient Teaching is a 30-hour course which targets 20 specific teaching skills. Course time is approximately equally divided between lectures/demonstrations by faculty, and practice teaching by participants, followed by individual feedback. Comparison of first and last practice teaching sessions to operational definitions of teaching skills showed signifiant improvement in most teaching skills. This study suggests that rapid improvement in health professionals' patient teaching skills can be achieved in a program that includes modeling of effective skills, supervised practice, and appropriate feedback.
Diabetes Training for Dietitians LORENZ, RODNEY A; GREGORY, REBECCA PRATT; DAVIS, DIANNE L ...
Journal of the American Dietetic Association,
02/2000, Letnik:
100, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Lack of training interferes with health-care professionals' ability to teach effectively. Nursing staff development educators are seeking strategies to overcome teaching-skill deficits. A 30-hour ...program was designed to improve teaching skills. Evaluation was based on operationally defined teaching skills. Sixty-six course participants' teaching skills improved from the beginning to the end of the course. Further research is needed to determine whether effects persist in practice, whether patients benefit, and whether "training of trainers" is feasible.
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