Hot gas giant exoplanets can lose part of their atmosphere due to strong stellar irradiation, affecting their physical and chemical evolution. Studies of atmospheric escape from exoplanets have ...mostly relied on space-based observations of the hydrogen Lyman-α line in the far ultraviolet which is strongly affected by interstellar absorption. Using ground-based high-resolution spectroscopy we detect excess absorption in the helium triplet at 1083 nm during the transit of the Saturn-mass exoplanet WASP-69b, at a signal-to-noise ratio of 18. We measure line blue shifts of several km s
and post transit absorption, which we interpret as the escape of part of the atmosphere trailing behind the planet in comet-like form.
Physical activity (PA) may be therapeutic for people with severe mental illness (SMI) who generally have low PA and experience numerous life style-related medical complications. We conducted a ...meta-review of PA interventions and their impact on health outcomes for people with SMI, including schizophrenia-spectrum disorders, major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder. We searched major electronic databases until January 2018 for systematic reviews with/without meta-analysis that investigated PA for any SMI. We rated the quality of studies with the AMSTAR tool, grading the quality of evidence, and identifying gaps, future research needs and clinical practice recommendations. For MDD, consistent evidence indicated that PA can improve depressive symptoms versus control conditions, with effects comparable to those of antidepressants and psychotherapy. PA can also improve cardiorespiratory fitness and quality of life in people with MDD, although the impact on physical health outcomes was limited. There were no differences in adverse events versus control conditions. For MDD, larger effect sizes were seen when PA was delivered at moderate-vigorous intensity and supervised by an exercise specialist. For schizophrenia-spectrum disorders, evidence indicates that aerobic PA can reduce psychiatric symptoms, improves cognition and various subdomains, cardiorespiratory fitness, whilst evidence for the impact on anthropometric measures was inconsistent. There was a paucity of studies investigating PA in bipolar disorder, precluding any definitive recommendations. No cost effectiveness analyses in any SMI condition were identified. We make multiple recommendations to fill existing research gaps and increase the use of PA in routine clinical care aimed at improving psychiatric and medical outcomes.
Although photometric space‐based missions such as CoRoT or Kepler have yielded rotation measurements of many thousands of late‐type stars during the last decade, the rotational properties of the bulk ...of the G star population remain undetected by these missions. From the Sun (when viewed as a star), we know that rotation measurements in the ultraviolet are the most promising, or more general, measurements in wavelength regions very sensitive to plage areas on the stars. Therefore, the “classical” S‐index, that is, the strength of the Ca II H&K line core emission, is still the most viable activity and rotation indicator, and with robotic spectroscopy telescopes, such monitoring measurements can be carried out efficiently and economically. We define a complete volume‐limited sample of solar stars in the immediate solar environment and present period measurements in Ca II H&K, both from archival Mount Wilson data and new data obtained with our robotic TIGRE facility.
High-resolution transmission spectroscopy is a method for understanding the chemical and physical properties of upper exoplanetary atmospheres. Due to large absorption cross-sections, resonance lines ...of atomic sodium D-lines (at 5889.95 and 5895.92 Å) produce large transmission signals. Our aim is to unveil the physical properties of WASP-17b through an accurate measurement of the sodium absorption in the transmission spectrum. We analyze 37 high-resolution spectra observed during a single transit of WASP-17b with the MIKE instrument on the 6.5 m Magellan Telescopes. We exclude stellar flaring activity during the observations by analyzing the temporal variations of Hα and Ca II infrared triplet (IRT) lines. We then obtain the excess absorption light curves in wavelength bands of 0.75, 1, 1.5, and 3 Å around the center of each sodium line (i.e., the light curve approach). We model the effects of differential limb-darkening, and the changing planetary radial velocity on the light curves. We also analyze the sodium absorption directly in the transmission spectrum, which is obtained by dividing in-transit by out-of-transit spectra (i.e., the division approach). We then compare our measurements with a radiative transfer atmospheric model. Our analysis results in a tentative detection of exoplanetary sodium: we measure the width and amplitude of the exoplanetary sodium feature to be σNa = (0.128 ± 0.078) Å and ANa = (1.7 ± 0.9)% in the excess light curve approach and σNa = (0.850 ± 0.034) Å and ANa = (1.3 ± 0.6)% in the division approach. By comparing our measurements with a simple atmospheric model, we retrieve an atmospheric temperature of 15501550 −200+700$^{+170}_{-200}$−200+170 K and radius (at 0.1 bar) of 1.81 ± 0.02 RJup for WASP-17b.
The classification of myeloid neoplasms and acute leukemias was last updated in 2016 within a collaboration between the World Health Organization (WHO), the Society for Hematopathology, and the ...European Association for Haematopathology. This collaboration was primarily based on input from a clinical advisory committees (CACs) composed of pathologists, hematologists, oncologists, geneticists, and bioinformaticians from around the world. The recent advances in our understanding of the biology of hematologic malignancies, the experience with the use of the 2016 WHO classification in clinical practice, and the results of clinical trials have indicated the need for further revising and updating the classification. As a continuation of this CAC-based process, the authors, a group with expertise in the clinical, pathologic, and genetic aspects of these disorders, developed the International Consensus Classification (ICC) of myeloid neoplasms and acute leukemias. Using a multiparameter approach, the main objective of the consensus process was the definition of real disease entities, including the introduction of new entities and refined criteria for existing diagnostic categories, based on accumulated data. The ICC is aimed at facilitating diagnosis and prognostication of these neoplasms, improving treatment of affected patients, and allowing the design of innovative clinical trials.
TIGRE (Telescopio Internacional de Guanajuato Robótico Espectroscópico) has been operating in fully robotic mode in the La Luz Observatory (Guanajuato, Mexico) since the end of 2013. With its sole ...instrument, HEROS, an échelle spectrograph with a spectral resolution R ∼20,000, TIGRE has collected more than 48,000 spectra of 1,151 different sources with a total exposure time of more than 11,000 h in these 8 years. Here we briefly describe the system and the upgrades performed during the last years. We present the statistics of the weather conditions at the La Luz Observatory, emphasizing the characteristics that affect the astronomical observations. We evaluate the performance and efficiency of TIGRE, both optical and operational, and describe the improvements of the system implemented to optimize the telescope’s performance and meet the requirements of the astronomer in terms of timing constraints for the observations and the quality of the spectra. We describe the actions taken to slow down the optical efficiency loss due to the aging of the optical surfaces as well as the upgrades of the scheduler and the observing procedures to minimize the time lost due to interrupted observations or observations that do not reach the required quality. Finally, we highlight a few of the main scientific results obtained with TIGRE data.
Diffusion barriers enable plant survival under fluctuating environmental conditions. They control internal water potential and protect against biotic or abiotic stress factors. How these protective ...molecules are deposited to the extracellular environment is poorly understood. We here examined the role of the Arabidopsis ABC half-size transporter AtABCG1 in the formation of the extracellular root suberin layer. Quantitative analysis of extracellular long-chain fatty acids and aliphatic alcohols in the atabcg1 mutants demonstrated altered root suberin composition, specifically a reduction in longer chain dicarboxylic acids, fatty alcohols and acids. Accordingly, the ATP-hydrolyzing activity of heterologous expressed and purified AtABCG1 was strongly stimulated by fatty alcohols (C
-C
) and fatty acids (C
-C
) in a chain length dependent manner. These results are a first indication for the function of AtABCG1 in the transport of longer chain aliphatic monomers from the cytoplasm to the apoplastic space during root suberin formation.
Microorganisms, such as bacteria, which might be present as contamination inside an industrial food or pharmaceutical clean room process need to be identified on short time scales in order to ...minimize possible health hazards as well as production downtimes causing financial deficits. Here we describe the first results of single-particle micro-Raman measurements in combination with a classification method, the so-called support vector machine technique, allowing for a fast, reliable, and nondestructive online identification method for single bacteria.
Abstract
Aims
To investigate the predictive ability of direct plasma renin and aldosterone concentrations as well as their ratio aldosterone-to-renin (ARR) for incident hypertension in the general ...population.
Methods and results
Concentration of renin and aldosterone were measured by a chemiluminescence immunoassay using the fully automated LIAISON® platform (DiaSorin) among 5362 participants of the population-based Gutenberg Health Study, who were normotensive and had no clinically overt cardiovascular disease at baseline. During a follow-up period of 5 years, 18.6% (n = 996) developed a new-onset hypertension. Comparing extreme quartiles of biomarker distribution, the relative risk (RR) for incident arterial hypertension was found to be 1.58 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.25–2.00; P = 0.00015; Q1 vs. Q4ref for renin; 1.29 (95% CI 1.05–1.59, P = 0.018; Q4 vs. Q1ref) for aldosterone and 1.70 (95% CI 1.33–2.12; P < 0.0001; Q4 vs. Q1ref) for ARR after multivariable adjustment in men. In females, only high ARR was independently predictive for incident hypertension over 5 years RR 1.29 (95% CI 1.04–1.62); P = 0.024. Even in the subgroup of individuals having biomarker concentrations within the reference range, high ARR was predictive for new-onset hypertension in men RR 1.44 (95% CI 1.13–1.83); P = 0.003. Finally, synergistic effects of co-prevalent obesity and ARR on incident hypertension were also demonstrated, resulting in markedly higher risk estimates as seen for biomarker alone RR of 2.70 (95% CI 2.05–3.6) for Q4 of ARR and having body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m2 vs. low ARR (Q1ref) and normal weight; P < 0.0001.
Conclusion
Among normotensives from the general population ARR possesses a stronger predictive value for incident hypertension than renin or aldosterone alone. The prediction of arterial hypertension by ARR was even stronger in obese subjects.
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