To determine the influence of body weight, fat mass, and fat distribution on resting endogenous glucose production in healthy lean and overweight individuals.
measurements were performed in the ...resting postabsorptive state in individuals receiving an unrestricted diet.
Institute of Physiology of Lausanne University.
resting post absorptive glucose production, glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis; resting energy expenditure and net substrate oxidation.
Endogenous glucose production was positively correlated with body weight, lean body mass, energy expenditure and carbohydrate oxidation. Gluconeogenesis was positively correlated with net lipid oxidation and energy expenditure, and negatively correlated with net carbohydrate oxidation. No correlation with body fat or fat distribution was observed.
Gluconeogenesis shows a large interindividual variability. Net lipid oxidation and not body fat appears to be a major determinant of gluconeogenesis.
Impaired glucose tolerance or diabetes mellitus are frequent complications after organ transplantation, and are usually attributed to glucocorticoid and immunosuppressive treatments. Liver ...transplantation results in total hepatic denervation which may also affect glucoregulation. We therefore evaluated postprandial glucose metabolism in a group of patients with liver cirrhosis before and after orthotopic liver transplantation. Seven patients with liver cirrhosis of various etiologies, 6 patients having received a kidney transplant, and 6 healthy subjects were studied. Their glucose metabolism was evaluated in the basal state and over 4 hours after ingestion of a glucose load with 6.6 (2) H glucose dilution analysis. The patients with liver cirrhosis were studied before, and again 4 weeks (range 2-6) and 38 weeks (range 20-76, n=6) after orthotopic liver transplantation. Basal glucose metabolism was similar in liver and kidney transplant recipients. Impaired glucose tolerance was present in both groups, but postprandial hyperglycemia was exaggerated and lasted longer in liver transplant patients. Postprandial insulinemia was lower in liver transplant recipients, while C-peptide concentrations were comparable to those of kidney transplant recipients, indicating increased insulin clearance. Glucose turnover was not altered in both groups of patients during the initial 3 hours after glucose ingestion, but was higher in liver transplant early after transplantation during the fourth hour. Postprandial hyperglycemia remained unchanged in liver transplant recipients 38 weeks after liver transplantation, despite substantial reduction of immunosuppressive and glucocorticoid doses. We conclude that liver transplant recipients have severe postprandial hyperglycemia which can be attributed to insulinopenia (secondary, at least in part, to increased insulin clearance) and a late increased glucose turnover. These changes may be secondary to hepatic denervation.
We present the results of prompt optical follow-up of the electromagnetic counterpart of the gravitational-wave event GW170817 by the Transient Optical Robotic Observatory of the South Collaboration ...(TOROS). We detected highly significant dimming in the light curves of the counterpart (Delta g=0.17+-0.03 mag, Delta r=0.14+-0.02 mag, Delta i=0.10 +- 0.03 mag) over the course of only 80 minutes of observations obtained ~35 hr after the trigger with the T80-South telescope. A second epoch of observations, obtained ~59 hr after the event with the EABA 1.5m telescope, confirms the fast fading nature of the transient. The observed colors of the counterpart suggest that this event was a "blue kilonova" relatively free of lanthanides.
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