The CMS detector is a general-purpose apparatus that detects high-energy collisions produced at the LHC. Online data quality monitoring of the CMS electromagnetic calorimeter is a vital operational ...tool that allows detector experts to quickly identify, localize, and diagnose a broad range of detector issues that could affect the quality of physics data. A real-time autoencoder-based anomaly detection system using semi-supervised machine learning is presented enabling the detection of anomalies in the CMS electromagnetic calorimeter data. A novel method is introduced which maximizes the anomaly detection performance by exploiting the time-dependent evolution of anomalies as well as spatial variations in the detector response. The autoencoder-based system is able to efficiently detect anomalies, while maintaining a very low false discovery rate. The performance of the system is validated with anomalies found in 2018 and 2022 LHC collision data. In addition, the first results from deploying the autoencoder-based system in the CMS online data quality monitoring workflow during the beginning of Run 3 of the LHC are presented, showing its ability to detect issues missed by the existing system.
A novel method to reconstruct the energy of hadronic showers in the CMS High Granularity Calorimeter (HGCAL) is presented. The HGCAL is a sampling calorimeter with very fine transverse and ...longitudinal granularity. The active media are silicon sensors and scintillator tiles readout by SiPMs and the absorbers are a combination of lead and Cu/CuW in the electromagnetic section, and steel in the hadronic section. The shower reconstruction method is based on graph neural networks and it makes use of a dynamic reduction network architecture. It is shown that the algorithm is able to capture and mitigate the main effects that normally hinder the reconstruction of hadronic showers using classical reconstruction methods, by compensating for fluctuations in the multiplicity, energy, and spatial distributions of the shower's constituents. The performance of the algorithm is evaluated using test beam data collected in 2018 prototype of the CMS HGCAL accompanied by a section of the CALICE AHCAL prototype. The capability of the method to mitigate the impact of energy leakage from the calorimeter is also demonstrated.
Pedestrian bridges are an important component of an active transportation system. As part of digital and green transformation, active travel is recognized as an essential strategy for reducing ...vehicle fuel consumption and exhaust emissions, but also for improving public health. Pedestrian bridges and other active travel infrastructure must be designed to be accessible to all users. Bridges that do not meet the conditions for comfortable use can force detours that discourage walking and bicycling. Adapting bridges that are not universally accessible requires challenging and expensive construction work. When accessibility issues are considered in the planning and design of new bridges, cost-effective, and often cost-neutral solutions, can be found. Some countries ensure the accessible design of pedestrian bridges through national regulations, but it is important to educate and raise awareness among all bridge designers about the importance of accessible design to achieve sustainable structures. Therefore, this paper provides an overview, comparison and commentary on the most comprehensive current standards, guidelines and manuals for pedestrian bridges that contain information on accessible design. Special attention is given to the design of stairs and ramps as critical elements of bridge accessibility.
In the current European Code EN 1992-1-1 a truss model with variable inclination angle of concrete compressive struts with a quite wide range of inclination angle, from 21,8° to 45°, is intended for ...use for shear design of reinforced concrete beams. However, some researches and recommendations indicate special attention when choosing the lower bound of inclination angle of the concrete compressive struts, due to the reduced compressive strength of cracked concrete. This work reviews theoretical background and shear design methods of reinforced concrete beams. Relation of the shear resistance to crushing of the compressive struts as a function of their inclination angle has been investigated through a parametric study, where three different approaches have been used in order to limit stresses in the compressive struts. Based on the comparison of results from the analysis a recommendation for shear resistance calculation of reinforced concrete beams in dependence on concrete strength in compressive struts of the truss model is given.
U radu je prikazana analiza nosivosti zidanog polukružnog luka za opterećenjevertikalnom koncentriranom silom u četvrtini raspona. Proračun zidanih lučnihkonstrukcija svodi se na problem geometrije, ...dok je provjera čvrstoće od sporednogznačenja. Ukoliko je moguće pronaći potpornu liniju koja se nalazi unutar geometrijeluka u ravnoteži s vanjskim opterećenjem, tada je luk stabilan. Principom virtualnograda određena je granična vrijednost sile pri kojoj dolazi do gubitka stabilnosti.Rezultati su zatim uspoređeni s rezultatima dobivenim eksperimentalno na drvenommodelu luka, gdje je opterećenje postepeno povećavano sve do rušenja luka.
This paper presents the structural analysis of a masonry semicircular arch loadedwith a point force at quarter span. The analysis of masonry arch structures is basedon the arch geometry instead on its strength. The arch is stable if a thrust line inequilibrium with the external load can be found within the arch geometry. Using theprinciple of virtual work the limit force at which the arch collapses is determined.The results were finally compared with experimentally obtained results on a timberarch model, where the load was gradually increased until the arch collapsed.
Genetic immobilization of the yeast RNase Rny1p was performed by creating a hybrid protein containing the signal sequence of the S. cerevisiae cell wall protein Ccw12p followed by the catalytic part ...of the Rny1p (amino acids 19 to 293) and additionally 73 amino acids of the Ccw12p including the GPI-anchoring signal. The construct was expressed in S. cerevisiae VMY5678 and the hybrid protein was secreted through the plasma membrane and incorporated into the cell wall through GPI-anchoring in the same way as the Ccw12p. Thus, it could be released from the wall by β-1,3-glucanase. It retained RNase activity with the optimal pH of about 9 and the optimal temperature at 60°C. It was significantly more stable than the wild type enzyme and retained activity at 50°C for at least 6 hours; at 60°C it maintained full activity for at least 4 h, and at 70°C it lost activity in about 2 h. No DNase activity of the Rny1/Ccw12p was detected. Yeast cells expressing the hybrid protein were successfully used instead of RNase A in a standard procedure for yeast chromosomal DNA preparation with the advantage of quick and easy quantitative removal of the RNase activity from the reaction mixture.
U radu je prikazano tlačno ispitivanje kapitela stupa iz palače Moise u Cresu, starog oko 500 godina. Pri sanaciji palače, na kapitelu stupa primijećena su vidljiva oštećenja čiji uzrok nije poznat. ...Zbog oštećenja na kapitelu stupa bilo je neophodno provesti tlačno ispitivanje do predviđenog uporabnog opterećenja. Cilj rada je ukazati na neophodnost suradnje izvođača, projektanta, konzervatora i korištenja laboratorijskih ispitivanja kod dokaza nosivosti i uporabljivosti konstrukcijskih elemenata. Rezultati tlačnog ispitivanja pokazali su da kapitel stupa može podnijeti predviđeno uporabno opterećenje.
The paper describes compression test of a column capital, about 500 years old, from the Moise palace in Cres. In the repair of the palace on the column capital, visible damage of unknown origin has been noticed. Due to the damage on the column capital, it was necessary to conduct the compression test to the prescribed service load. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the need for cooperation between contractors, structural designers, conservators and use of laboratory testing for proof of bearing capacity and serviceability of structural elements. The results of compression test have shown that the column capital can withstand the expected service load.
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