Theta returns Kahana, Michael J; Seelig, David; Madsen, Joseph R
Current Opinion in Neurobiology,
12/2001, Letnik:
11, Številka:
6
Book Review, Journal Article
Recenzirano
Recent physiological studies have implicated theta — a high-amplitude 4–8 Hz oscillation that is prominent in rat hippocampus during locomotion, orienting and other voluntary behaviors — in synaptic ...plasticity, information coding and the function of working memory. Intracranial recordings from human cortex have revealed evidence of high-amplitude theta oscillations throughout the brain, including the neocortex. Although its specific role is largely unknown, the observation of human theta has begun to reveal an intriguing connection between brain oscillations and cognitive processes.
Previous research has shown that military women often experience potentially severe health outcomes following deployment. Data from the Millennium Cohort Study, a 21-year longitudinal study examining ...the health effects of military service, were used to examine this issue. In longitudinal analyses (2001-2008) carried out among US military women (n = 17,481), the authors examined positive screens for depression, anxiety, panic, and posttraumatic stress disorder in relation to deployment in support of the operations in Iraq and Afghanistan, while adjusting for relevant baseline and time-varying covariates. Women who were deployed and reported combat-related exposures had greater odds than nondeployed women of reporting symptoms of a mental health condition (odds ratio = 1.91, 95% confidence interval: 1.65, 2.20), after adjustment for demographic, military, and behavioral covariates. In addition, higher stress, problem drinking, and a history of mental illness were significantly associated with increased risk of later mental health conditions. In contrast, women in the Reserves or National Guard and those with higher education were at decreased risk of mental health conditions (all P 's < 0.01). As the roles and responsibilities of women in the military expand and deployments continue, designing better prevention and recovery strategies specifically for women are critical for overall force health protection and readiness.
TME quality in rectal cancer surgery Herzog, T; Belyaev, O; Chromik, A M ...
European journal of medical research,
07/2010, Letnik:
15, Številka:
7
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The concept of total mesorectal excision has revolutionised rectal cancer surgery. TME reduces the rate of local recurrence and tumour associated mortality. However, in clinical trials only 50% of ...the removed rectal tumours have an optimal TME quality.
During a period of 36 months we performed 103 rectal resections. The majority of patients (76%; 78/103) received an anterior resection. The remaining patients underwent either abdominoperineal resection (16%; 17/103), Hartmann;s procedure (6%; 6/103) or colectomy (2%; 2/103).
In 90% (93/103) TME quality control could be performed. 99% (92/93) of resected tumours had optimal TME quality. In 1% (1/93) the mesorectum was nearly complete. None of the removed tumours had an incomplete mesorectum. In 98% (91/93) the circumferential resection margin was negative. Major surgical complications occurred in 17% (18/103). 5% (4/78) of patients with anterior resection had anastomotic leakage. 17% (17/103) developed wound infections. Mortality after elective surgery was 4% (4/95).
Optimal TME quality results can be achieved in all stages of rectal cancer with a rate of morbidity and mortality comparable to the results from the literature. Future studies should evaluate outcome and local recurrence in accordance to the degree of TME quality.
To date, over 20 peptides or proteins have been identified that can form amyloid fibrils in the body and are thought to cause disease. The mechanism by which amyloid peptides cause the cytotoxicity ...observed and disease is not understood. However, one of the major hypotheses is that amyloid peptides cause membrane perturbation. Hence, we have studied the interaction between lipid bilayers and the 37 amino acid residue polypeptide amylin, which is the primary constituent of the pancreatic amyloid associated with type 2 diabetes. Using a dye release assay we confirmed that the amyloidogenic human amylin peptide causes membrane disruption; however, time-lapse atomic force microscopy revealed that this did not occur by the formation of defined pores. On the contrary, the peptide induced the formation of small defects spreading over the lipid surface. We also found that rat amylin, which has 84% identity with human amylin but cannot form amyloid fibrils, could also induce similar lesions to supported lipid bilayers. The effect, however, for rat amylin but not human amylin, was inhibited under high ionic conditions. These data provide an alternative theory to pore formation, and how amyloid peptides may cause membrane disruption and possibly cytotoxicity.
Introduction: The associations between stressful military experiences and tobacco use and alcohol misuse among Service members are well documented. However, little is known about whether stressful ...military experiences are associated with tobacco use and alcohol misuse among military spouses. Methods: Using 9872 Service member–spouse dyads enrolled in the Millennium Cohort Family Study, we employed logistic regression to estimate the odds of self-reported cigarette smoking, risky drinking, and problem drinking among spouses by Service member deployment status, communication regarding deployment, and stress associated with military-related experiences, while adjusting for demographic, mental health, military experiences, and Service member military characteristics. Results: Current cigarette smoking, risky drinking, and problem drinking were reported by 17.2%, 36.3%, and 7.3% of military spouses, respectively. Current deployment was not found to be associated with spousal smoking or drinking behaviors. Communication about deployment experiences with spouses was associated with lower odds of smoking, but not with risky or problem drinking. Spouses bothered by communicated deployment experiences and those who reported feeling very stressed by a combat-related deployment or duty assignment had consistently higher odds of both risky and problem drinking. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that contextual characteristics about the deployment experience, as well as the perceived stress of those experiences, may be more impactful than the simple fact of Service member deployment itself. These results suggest that considering the impact of deployment experiences on military spouses reveals important dimensions of military community adaptation and risk.
•This paper examines risk factors for current smoking, risky drinking, and problem drinking among spouses of U.S. Service members, while accounting for spouse demographics, family size and socio-economic status, as well as military information regarding the Service member•17.2% of spouses reported current cigarette smoking, 36.3% reported risky drinking, and 7.3% reported problem drinking•Current deployment of the Service member was not associated with a higher odds of smoking or drinking among spouses•Spouses of Service members who communicated about their deployment experiences were half as likely to smoke than spouses who did not communicate•Spouses bothered by hearing about deployment experiences, and spouses reporting feeling very stressed by a combat-related deployment or duty assignment had consistently higher odds of both risky and problem
We sought to identify factors associated with contemplating versus not contemplating offering medical abortion with mifepristone among physicians not opposed to it.
We analyzed data from a Kaiser ...Family Foundation survey of a nationally representative sample of 790 American obstetrician/gynecologists and primary care physicians. Our study sample consisted of 419 physicians who were not personally opposed to medical abortion and could be classified as not actively considering (precontemplation) or actively considering (contemplation) offering mifepristone. We conducted multivariate logistic regression to predict being unlikely to offer mifepristone (i.e., in the precontemplation stage of change).
In 2001, 1 year after U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval, 5% of physicians surveyed were offering mifepristone. Among the 750 physicians not offering mifepristone, 57% were not opposed. Of those not opposed, 74% reported that they were unlikely to offer mifepristone in the next year (precontemplation) as compared to 23% who might offer it (contemplation). Independent predictors of being in the precontemplation stage were being a primary care versus OB/GYN physician (odds ratio OR 3.29,
p = .02), being in private versus hospital-based practice (OR 2.40,
p = .03), and lacking concerns about FDA regulations (OR 2.06,
p = .01) or violence and protests (OR 1.93,
p = .03) as barriers to offering mifepristone.
For precontemplation-stage physicians, the most efficient strategy for increasing the availability of medical abortion may be to design programs that emphasize clinical benefits and feasibility to stimulate interest in the procedure. For contemplation-stage physicians, the optimum approach may be one that helps to overcome barriers associated with FDA regulations and concerns about violence and protests.
In the first known longitudinal study of the topic, we examined whether experiencing sexual assault or sexual harassment while in the military was associated with increased risk for subsequent ...unhealthy alcohol use and smoking among U.S. service members in the Millennium Cohort Study (2001–2012). Adjusted complementary log–log models were fit to estimate the relative risk of (a) smoking relapse among former smokers (men: n = 4,610; women: n = 1,453); (b) initiation of unhealthy alcohol use (problem drinking and/or drinking over recommended limits) among those with no known history of unhealthy alcohol use (men: n = 8,459; women: n = 4,816); and (c) relapse among those previously reporting unhealthy alcohol use (men: n = 3,487; women: n = 1,318). Men who reported experiencing sexual assault while in the military had sixfold higher risk for smoking relapse: relative risk (RR) = 6.62; 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.34, 18.73, than men who did not. Women who reported experiencing sexual assault while in the military had almost twice the risk for alcohol relapse: RR = 1.73; 95% CI 1.06, 2.83. There were no other significant associations. These findings suggest that men and women may respond differently following sexual trauma, and support future concerted policy efforts by military leadership to prevent, detect, and intervene on sexual assault.
Resumen
Spanish s by the Asociación Chilena de Estrés Traumático (ACET)
Los patrones de consumo de tabaco y el uso no saludable de alcohol seguido al Trauma Sexual entre Miembros de Servicio en los Estados Unidos
CONSUMO DE TABACO Y ALCOHOL DESPUÉS DEL TRAUMA SEXUAL
En el primer estudio longitudinal conocido del tema, examinamos si la experiencia sexual asalto o acoso sexual en el ejército se asoció con un mayor riesgo de consumo de alcohol y de tabaco entre los miembros en servicio de los Estados Unidos en el estudio de cohortes milenio (2001‐2012). Los modelos log‐log ajustados complementarios fueron utilizados para estimar el Riesgo relativo de (a) recaída de fumadores entre ex fumadores (hombres: n = 4.610, mujeres: n = 1.453); (B) el inicio del consumo de alcohol no saludable (problema con la bebida y / o bebida sobre los límites recomendados) entre los que no tenían antecedentes de consumo no saludable de alcohol (hombres: n = 8.459, mujeres: n = 4.816); y (c) recaída entre los que anteriormente reportaron consumo no saludable de alcohol (hombres: n = 3.487; Mujeres: n = 1.318). Hombres que reportaron haber sufrido una agresión sexual mientras estaban en el ejército tuvieron un riesgo 6 veces mayor de recaída en el consumo de tabaco (riesgo relativo RR = 6.62; IC del 95%: 2.34, 18.73) que el de los hombres que no lo tuvieron. Las mujeres que informaron haber sufrido una agresión sexual mientras estuvieron en el servicio militar tuvieron casi el doble del riesgo de recaída en el alcohol (RR = 1.73; IC del 95% 1.06, 2.83). No hubo otras asociaciones significativas. Estos hallazgos sugieren que hombres y mujeres pueden responder de manera diferente seguido a traumas sexuales y apoyan futuros esfuerzos concertados de política por parte del liderazgo militar para prevenir, detectar e intervenir en el asalto sexual.
抽象
Traditional and Simplified Chinese s by AsianSTSS
Patterns of Smoking and Unhealthy Alcohol Use Following Sexual Trauma Among U.S. Service Members
Traditional Chinese
標題: 美國軍人受性創傷後吸煙和不良地使用酒精的模式
撮要: 這是首個縱貫研究, 透過「千禧世代研究(Millennium Cohort Study)」 (2001–2012)的數據, 檢視美國軍人服役時曾遭受性侵犯, 是否跟他們日後不良地使用酒精和抽煙的風險提升相關。已調節的互補雙對數模型(complementary log‐log models)適合用以估計以下相對風險:(一) 戒煙者重新抽煙(男性: n = 4,610; 女性: n = 1,453);(二) 過往並無不良地使用酒精的人, 開始不良地使用酒精 (有酗酒問題和/或過量飲酒) (男性: n = 8,459; 女性: n = 4,816);(三) 過往曾不良地使用酒精的人再度不良地使用酒精(男性: n = 3,487; 女性: n = 1,318)。男性戒煙者中, 曾遭性侵犯的樣本比無此經歷的樣本其再度抽煙的風險高6倍(相對風險 RR = 6.62; 95% CI: 2.34, 18.73);曾不良地使用酒精的女性樣本中, 服役時曾遭性侵犯的樣本比無此經歷的樣本, 再度不良地使用酒精的風險高出近乎兩倍(RR = 1.73; 95% CI 1.06, 2.83)。除此以外, 我們找不到其他顯著關連。結果反映, 男性和女性受性創傷後的反應可能有異。研究亦支持軍隊於未來採取團結的管理政策, 加強預防、偵察和干預性侵犯事件。
Simplified Chinese
标题: 美国军人受性创伤后吸烟和不良地使用酒精的模式
撮要: 这是首个纵贯研究, 透过「千禧世代研究(Millennium Cohort Study)」 (2001–2012)的数据, 检视美国军人服役时曾遭受性侵犯, 是否跟他们日后不良地使用酒精和抽烟的风险提升相关。已调节的互补双对数模型(complementary log‐log models)适合用以估计以下相对风险:(一) 戒烟者重新抽烟(男性: n = 4,610; 女性: n = 1,453);(二) 过往并无不良地使用酒精的人, 开始不良地使用酒精 (有酗酒问题和/或过量饮酒) (男性: n = 8,459; 女性: n = 4,816);(三) 过往曾不良地使用酒精的人再度不良地使用酒精(男性: n = 3,487; 女性: n = 1,318)。男性戒烟者中, 曾遭性侵犯的样本比无此经历的样本其再度抽烟的风险高6倍(相对风险 RR = 6.62; 95% CI: 2.34, 18.73);曾不良地使用酒精的女性样本中, 服役时曾遭性侵犯的样本比无此经历的样本, 再度不良地使用酒精的风险高出近乎两倍(RR = 1.73; 95% CI 1.06, 2.83)。除此以外, 我们找不到其他显着关连。结果反映, 男性和女性受性创伤后的反应可能有异。研究亦支持军队于未来采取团结的管理政策, 加强预防、侦察和干预性侵犯事件。
Increased opioid prescribing for chronic pain that is not due to cancer has been accompanied by large increases in abuse and overdose of prescription opioids. This paper describes how Group Health, a ...Seattle-based nonprofit health care system, implemented a major initiative to make opioid prescribing safer. In the initiative's first nine months, clinicians developed documented care plans for almost 6,000 patients receiving long-term opioid therapy for chronic pain. Evaluation of the initiative's effects on care processes and trends in adverse events is under way.
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