The influence of anthropogenic pollution, particularly with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on soil toxicity and spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) is extremely important nowadays. ...We studied 20 soil samples from a technogenically polluted site, municipal solid wastes (MSW) landfills, and rural settlements in the southwestern part of the Rostov Region of Russia. A close correlation was established between the results of biosensor testing for integral toxicity, the content of genes for the biodegradation of hydrocarbons, and the concentration of PAHs in soils. The relation between the quantitative content of ARGs and the qualitative and quantitative composition of PAHs has not been registered. Soils subjected to different types of the anthropogenic pressure differed in PAHs composition. The technogenic soils are the most polluted ones. These soils are enriched with 5 ring PAHs and carry the maximum variety of assayed ARGs, despite the fact that they do not receive household or medical waste.
•At biotesting soils contaminated with industrial PAHs are more toxic than landfills.•Technogenically polluted soils are enriched with 5 ringPAHs compared to landfills.•Technogenically polluted soils contain more diverse ARGs.
The level of catalase and superoxide dismutase induction, as well as generation of superoxide anion radical in cells and accumulation of hydrogen peroxide in the culture medium were researched in ...three strains of oil-degrading bacteria
Achromobacter xylosoxidans
at cultivation in rich nutrient medium and in the media with hydrocarbons as the only source of carbon. The effects of pentane, decane, hexadecane, cyclohexane, benzene, naphthalene and diesel fuel were evaluated. It was determined that in the microbial cell on media with hydrocarbons, the generation of superoxide anion radical increases, accumulation of hydrogen peroxide and induction of superoxide dismutase synthesis occur, and catalase activity is reduced. Oxidative stress in the cells of
A. xylosoxidans
was caused by biotransformation of all the studied hydrocarbons. The most pronounced effect was observed at incubation of bacteria with cyclohexane, pentane, diesel fuel, benzene and naphthalene.
Antibiotics are widely used in animal husbandry at present. Due to their excessive and incorrect use, they have led to the rapid spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), as well as ...antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) in microbial communities of the environment. The review examines works on the use of antibiotics in animal husbandry, the transmission of ARGs and ARB from animals to humans, their spread in the environment with wastewater from livestock enterprises and water and air flows. The role of manure as a reservoir of ARGs and the effect of the processing and storage of manure on the abundance and diversity of ARB and ARGs have been also analyzed. We have also touched on issues related to the presence of ARGs and ARB in animal and plant products and their introduction into the human microbiome with food.
The qualitative and quantitative composition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) pollutants at 13 points of the impact zone of the Novocherkassk thermal electric power plant (NchPP) has been ...determined. This territory has been polluted with emissions from brown coal combustion for several decades. A total of 200 isolates from PAH-degrading bacteria were selected from the soils and surface sediments, heavily contaminated with PAHs. Taxonomic identification of isolates was carried out by sequencing of the 16S rRNA genes and by MALDI-TOF analysis of protein spectra. Soil cultivable PAH-degrading microorganisms were represented by six species of four genera of actinobacteria (
Arthrobacter
,
Rhodococcus
,
Oerskovia
and
Isoptericola
). Surface sediments cultivable PAH degraders were represented by six species of the genus
Pseudomonas
.
R. erythropolis
was the most numerous of soil isolated strains. The studied soils heavily contaminated with PAHs display low biodiversity of cultivable PAH-degrading bacteria and do not have a connection between the quantity of PAHs in the soil samples and taxonomic variety of PAH degraders. Cultivable PAH degraders were represented in the soils exclusively by Gram-positive bacteria, and in the surface sediments only by Gram-negative bacteria.
Prokaryotic cytochromes P450 (Review) Khmelevtsova, L. E.; Sazykin, I. S.; Sazykina, M. A. ...
Applied biochemistry and microbiology,
07/2017, Letnik:
53, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
The research on the structure and role of bacterial cytochromes P450 are summarized in this review. We consider the organizational features of these enzymes, cytochrome-catalyzed reactions, the ...distribution of cytochromes among prokaryotes, and their functions in bacterial cells. We cite the data on cytochrome genes and the regulation of their expression in prokaryotes and classify cytochromes by components involved in the electronic transition. We consider the role of bacterial cytochromes in the biodegradation of carbohydrates and xenobiotics by microorganisms and the possible involvement of reactive oxygen species, which are generated in the catalytic cycle of these enzymes, at the initial stages of carbohydrate biodegradation.
C,C-Coupling of indole-3-carbaldehyde arylhydrazones with quinazoline in trifluoroacetic acid has occurred at position 5 or 7′ of the hydrazone molecule and has afforded the σ-adducts. The ...C,C-coupling has been accompanied by a change in the
E
-configuration of the C=N bond of the starting hydrazones to the
Z
-configuration in the formed quinazoline trifluoroacetyl hydrazides.
One of the most common causes of radiculopathy requiring neurosurgical treatment is a herniated disc. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is still the main diagnostic approach for this lesion. However, ...MRI does not allow assessing the functional state of the root. Neurophysiological examination assesses the function of peripheral nervous system. These methods are used for differential diagnosis of causes of neurological symptoms and determine the level of the nerve root injury.
To assess the role of electromyography including paraspinal muscle mapping in diagnosis of radiculopathies following spine diseases.
We have analyzed literature data in the Scopus, Pubmed, and RSCI databases and selected 93 references for primary reviewing. Final analysis enrolled the manuscripts with a detailed description of neurophysiological examinations and data on sensitivity/specificity of these methods.
Needle electromyography (EMG) is the most informative neurophysiological method for diagnosis of radicular damage. Sensitivity of EMG is up to 90% for lumbosacral radiculopathy. Electromyography of the paraspinal muscles can be used in case of of cervical, thoracic and lumbar radiculopathy in addition to EMG of limb muscles. Therefore sensitivity increases to 100%. Diagnostic value of nerve conduction study (NCS) is low, and performing NCS without EMG is not useful.
In neurosurgical practice electrodiagnostic (EDX) should be performed for differential diagnosis of radiculopathy and peripheral nervous system lesions, to determine the level of radicular compression, and when physical examination does not correspond with neuroimaging or MRI is not possible to perform.
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