The article highlights the urgency of studying processes of deformation, displacement and collapse of undermined strata at rockburst-hazardous deposits of the Khibiny Massif with regard to ...geomechanical and geodynamic risks. The authors analyze failure specifics in undermined strata under the action of tectonic stresses, which consists in impeding of fracturing due to subhorizontal compression. It is found that as the thickness of ore bodies decreases and their dip angle grows at great depths, the pitch of failure increases. The problems to be solved to continue extraction of apatite–nepheline ore at minimized induced risks and at the preserved economic efficiency are listed.
Single-crystal X-ray structure determinations are reported for four lanthanide complexes, Dy(bipy)2Cl2(OH2)2Cl.H2O (bipy = 2,2′-bipyridine), 1; La2(phen)2(O2CCH3)4(NO3)2 (phen = 1,10-phenanthroline), ...2; Lu(terpy)(O2CCH3)3.NaNO3 (terpy = 2,2′;6′,2″-terpyridine) 3; and Lu(phen)(O2CH)3(OH2).H2O, 4. Dispersion interactions within the stacked arrays of coordinated aza-aromatic units found in all four complexes appear to be a significant structural influence in the solid state. For complex 1, there are additional interactions beyond dispersion, which suggests that it may be the means whereby the Δ and Λ forms contribute to the overall chiral nature of the crystal. These weak intermolecular interactions were investigated in detail using the Hirshfeld surface analysis.
Heat waves are one of the most dangerous meteorological phenomena, the manifestations of which have become more frequent in all regions of the globe in recent decades. Due to excessively high ...temperatures persisting for a long time, heat waves cause heat stress in living organisms and plants, and negatively affect various sectors of the national economy. Although the mechanism of heat wave formation is well known, the question of determining and predicting the intensity and duration of these processes in advance, as well as the areas of their propagation, remains open, including due to the lack of unified concept of a heat wave. This study analyzed the spatiotemporal distribution of extremely warm days and heat waves for the period 1996-2021 in 16 regions of Ukraine, where the production of the main agricultural crops (winter wheat, spring barley, corn) is concentrated. The analysis was performed using the surface skin temperature Ts, which contains information about the temperature of both the canopy and ground surface.
It was found that during the study period, the number of extremely warm days increased in all regions of the country and in all seasons of the year, with the most significant increase occurring in the last decade in winter and autumn. The warmest year was 2020, when the number of extremely warm days in some regions reached 100-106 per year. The frequency of heat waves at the end of the study period almost doubled compared to the beginning, reaching an average of 8-10 cases per year. The average seasonal frequency of heat waves was 4-5 cases in summer and 2-4 cases in other seasons. The longest heat waves lasting 17-19 days were recorded in all agro-climatic zones in August 2010. In other seasons, the maximum duration of heat waves did not exceed 10-14 days.
Statistical assessment of the relationship between the seasonal number of extremely warm days and the grain yield crops showed that an increase in these days in the spring leads to decrease in the yield crops of winter wheat and spring barley; in summer this negative impact is observed for corn.
The development of new express methods for the analysis of the efficacy of anti-cancer therapy on the cellular level is highly desirable for the analysis of chemotherapeutic agent performance. In ...this paper we suggest the use of parameters of cell morphology determined by holographic microscopy and tomography for the effective label free quantitative analysis of cell viability under antitumor chemotherapy and thus of cytostatic agent efficacy. As shown, measured phase shifts and cell morphology change dramatically as a result of chemotherapy and depend strongly on the cell type and agent applied. Experimentally, a comparative analysis of the antitumor efficacy of the two cytostatics, cisplatin and dioxadet, that are commonly used for chemotherapy of disseminated ovarian carcinoma has been performed. The experiments were carried out on the Wistar rat model. An essential difference in the morphology of cells, both normal (erythrocytes) and cancerous, present in ascitic fluid taken from the non-treated group of rats and the groups treated with either dioxadet or cisplatin, has been observed. The results obtained can be interpreted as an indication of the antitumor performance of both cytostatics at the cellular level and as a demonstration of the higher efficacy of therapy with dioxadet as compared to that with cisplatin. Differences in cell morphology are suggested to be applied as quantitative markers of cell viability and cytostatic agent efficacy. The conclusions made are supported by a comparison with the results of recent experiments based on survival rates of laboratory animals treated with these agents..
The article deals with the development of locus meanings in the somatic terms of the Buryat language. Anatomical terminology refers to the basic, most ancient part of the vocabulary in all languages. ...Despite this, the names of body parts have not received an exhaustive semantic description. It is noted that in general Buryat lexicology and lexicography are less studied than the grammatical structure. This necessitates a comprehensive linguistic study of this lexical group of words. Based on the analysis of field materials collected in 2014-2019 in Ust-Ordynskiy Buryat District of the Irkutsk region, and information from published works, it is concluded that as a result of the development of polysemy, the names of body parts acquire the meaning of certain parts of the territory, which allows them to move into proper names. The considered examples show that this process is based on a metaphor. A comparison lying within a metaphor reveals the similarity between two objects, thereby indicating some important feature of the second. Metaphor generates or implies a certain view of the subject, and does not express it openly. Thus, the metaphor generates additional, secondary meanings of somatic terms. Sometimes completely unexpected “associative” meanings are ethnically determined. The transfer of the meaning of words based on associations also contributes to the formation of locus meanings in somatic vocabulary.
Commercially pure (CP) Ti was subjected to a complex severe plastic deformation (SPD) processing route consisting of equal channel angular pressing, swaging and drawing, resulting in the formation of ...a homogeneous ultra-fine-grained (UFG) microstructure showing a very high strength. The significant anisotropy of mechanical properties found in the processed rod is related to a very strong crystallographic texture developed during SPD processing. The features of plastic deformation of the UFG CP Ti are discussed with respect to its crystallographic texture.
•Different cell lines demonstrate different sensitivity to photodynamic treatment.•Radachlorin mostly accumulates in lysosomes in HeLa, A549 and 3T3 cell lines.•HeLa cells show higher PS accumulation ...and higher bleaching rate than A549 and 3T3.
In this paper we compare the response of cells of established lines of different origin: HeLa, A549 and 3T3 to photodynamic treatment with Radachlorin photosensitizer. The analysis was performed on different aspects of the treatment procedure including photosensitizer accumulation, localization and photobleaching in cells and post-treatment dynamics of changes in cellular morphology at different treatment doses. It was shown that in the three cell lines Radachlorin accumulated in lysosomes to much greater extent than in mitochondria. The cells’ response to treatment was analyzed by identification of their death pathways and evaluation of average phase shift dynamics using digital holographic microscopy. The analysis performed on the three cell lines allowed us to evaluate treatment doses specific for each pathway in each line. Among the three lines HeLa cells were found to be the most susceptible to treatment while 3T3 cells the most resistant. The comparison of these results with the data on Radachlorin accumulation, localization and photobleaching rates showed that the observed higher sensitivity of HeLa cells to photodynamic treatment correlated with higher photosensitizer uptake and more intensive photobleaching while lower sensitivity of 3T3 cells correlated with lower uptake and less intensive photobleaching.
High-resolution electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) was applied to examine grain refinement in commercial-purity titanium Grade 4 subjected to equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) via the ...Conform technique. This approach enables the production of long-length billets and thus has the potential for commercial application. Microstructure evolution was found to be a relatively-complex process which included several stages. At relatively-low accumulated strains, microstructure changes were markedly influenced by mechanical twinning. However, the concomitant grain refinement suppressed this mechanism, and subsequent microstructure development was dictated by the evolution of deformation-induced boundaries which developed preferentially near the original grain boundaries. The final material produced after an effective strain of ~ 8.4 was characterized by a mean grain size of 0.3µm, high-angle boundary fraction of 55 pct., a texture of moderate strength, and a yield strength of ~ 1050MPa. Based on the detailed microstructural analysis, the contributions of various strengthening mechanisms were quantified. The rapid material strengthening during the early stages of ECAP was explained in the terms of a major increase in dislocation density and the extensive formation of the deformation-induced boundaries. With further increments in accumulated strain, however, the dislocation as well as grain-boundary density reached a saturation, thus reducing the hardening efficiency of ECAP at high strains.
We report results of spectral- and time-resolved study of Radachlorin photosensitizer luminescence in water in the spectral range of 950–1350nm and for determination of the photosensitizer triplet ...state and the singlet oxygen lifetimes responsible for singlet oxygen generation and degradation. At any wavelength within the explored spectral range the luminescence decay contained two major contributions: a fast decay at the ns time scale and a slow evolution at the μs time scale. The fast decay was attributed to electric dipole fluorescence transitions in photosensitizer molecules and the slow evolution to intercombination phosphorescence transitions in singlet oxygen and photosensitizer molecules. Relatively high-amplitude ns peak observed at all wavelengths suggests that singlet oxygen monitoring with spectral isolation methods alone, without additional temporal resolution can be controversial. In the applied experimental conditions the total phosphorescence signal at any wavelength contained a contribution from the photosensitizer triplet state decay, while at 1274nm the singlet oxygen phosphorescence dominated. The results obtained can be used for optimization of the methods of singlet oxygen monitoring and imaging.
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•Time-resolved Radachlorin luminescence in water in the spectral range 950–1350nm•Lifetimes of singlet oxygen generation and degradation•Contribution to luminescence from the photosensitizer triplet states
Pneumolysin (Ply) is a target for the development of serotype-independent pneumococcal vaccines, an important condition for the efficacy of which is their ability to activate innate immunity with the ...subsequent formation of adaptive immunity. In this study, the ability of recombinant full-length Ply (rPly) of pneumococci to induce TLR expression and maturation of dendritic cells generated from mouse bone marrow was evaluated. It was shown that rPly
in vitro
increased the number of dendritic cells expressing Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) on the membrane. rPly caused maturation of dendritic cells generated from mouse bone marrow, which manifested in a decrease in the number of progenitor cells (CD34), an increase in the number of cells expressing the adhesion molecule CD38, costimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86, molecules of terminal differentiation of dendritic cells CD83, as well as molecules of antigenic presentation of the major histocompatibility complex class II.
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