Smjernice međunarodnih stručnih društava ukazuju da je povišena koncentracija lipoproteina(a)
Lp(a) u krvi dugoročni neovisni čimbenik rizika za razvitak aterosklerotske kardiovaskularne bolesti ...(ASKVB), kao i za kalcifikacijsku stenozu aortnih zalistaka. Cilj je ovog članka koji je rezultat konsenzusa nacionalnih stručnjaka iz tog područja predstaviti najnovije spoznaje o dijagnostici i sadašnjim mogućnostima liječenja bolesnika s povišenom koncentracijom Lp(a) u krvi koje su u ovom trenutku skromne, ali i naznačiti buduće mogućnosti liječenja koje su na pomolu. Zaključak koji se može postaviti na temelju dosadašnjih spoznaja upućuje da postoji neposredna korist za bolesnike u mjerenju koncentracije Lp(a), čak i ako potpuno učinkovito farmakološko liječenje još nije dostupno. Mjerenje Lp(a) olakšava bržu i pouzdaniju identifikaciju bolesnika s visokim kardiovaskularnim rizikom i bolje upravljanje tim rizikom, odnosno upućuje na potrebu intenzivnijeg smanjivanja i liječenja ostalih čimbenika rizika za ASKVB ako je Lp(a) značajnije povećan. Izražavanje koncentracije Lp(a) preporučuje se u nmol/L izmjerene metodama kalibriranim kalibratorima čija je koncentracija izražena u nmol/L.
The research aimed to determine the blood metabolic profile and acid-base status of lactating Travnik ewes in an extensive production system. The research was carried out on 108 lactating Travnik ...ewes, with an average age of 3-4 years, in their 3rd lactation. The ewes were kept on pasture, and had water and animal salt ad libitum. Hematological indicators were determined in whole blood, biochemical parameters in serum, and acid-base status was determined in plasma. The determined average values of hematological parameters were mostly within reference values, except the lower MCHC content and higher MCV content, which indicates the instability of erythrocyte constants. Average mineral concentrations were within the reference values, except for Ca and Fe concentrations which were lower and were influenced by higher milk excretion. Most of the biochemical indicators, enzyme activity, and indicators of the acid-base balance of lactating Travnik ewes’ blood were within the reference values. A high concentration of urea above the reference values was found, and concentrations of total proteins, albumins, total cholesterol, HDL and LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides at the upper limit or above the reference values were determined. Slightly lower GPx activity and higher SOD activity above reference values were determined. These indicators point to energy deficit, as well as poor grazing quality, and a lack of selenium in pasture plant species. When determining the blood metabolic profile of lactating Travnik ewes, the obtained results of the research should be considered, and they should be included in the development of reference values for the Travnik sheep breed.
The aim of the present study was to determine the acid-base balance in the blood of the Lacaune sheep during different lactation stages. Thirty lactating Lacaune sheep were involved in the research, ...and were monitored in the early (day 60), medium (day 120), and late lactation stages (day 180). The following parameters were determined in the blood plasma: pH, partial pressure of carbon dioxide – pCO2, partial pressure of oxygen – pO2, total pressure of carbon dioxide – tCO2, oxygen saturation – sO2, actual base excess Cbase – B, standard base excess Cbase – Ecf and electrolytes (Na+, K+, Ca2+, Cl- and HCO3- – bicarbonate), while total proteins – TP and albumin ALB were determined in the serum. Also, strong ion difference - SID, z value, anion gap - AG, weak anions, and cations - ATOTtp and ATOTalb, strong ion gap - SIG, unmeasured anions – XA and globulin concentrations were calculated. A significant effect of the lactation stage on most of the acid-base parameters in the blood of the Lacaune sheep was determined, except for pCO2, Cl-, z values and the SID. A significant increase of pO2, sO2, ATOTtp, ATOTalb, AG, SIGalb, SIGtp, XA, Na+, total proteins and albumins, as well as the decreased concentrations of K+ and Ca2+, were determined in the blood of the Lacaune sheep during lactation. During the medium stage of lactation, significant changes were determined in most of the acid-base parameters in the blood of the Lacaune sheep when compared to the other stages. A lactation stage may significantly affect the acid-base balance parameters in the blood of the Lacaune sheep, although the calculations of SIG, base excess (BE), and unmeasured anion (XA) values should also be included for the obtainment of a more comprehensive picture of the acid-base balance.
Cilj rada bio je utvrditi acidobaznu ravnotežu u krvi lakon ovaca tijekom različitih stadija laktacije. Za istraživanje je odabrano 30 lakon ovaca u laktaciji, koje su praćene u ranome (60. dan), srednjem (120. dan) i kasnom stadiju laktacije (180. dan). U krvnoj plazmi utvrđeni su pH, parcijalni tlak ugljičnoga dioksida (pCO2), parcijalni tlak kisika (pO2), ukupni tlak ugljičnoga dioksida (tCO2), saturacija kisikom (sO2), stvarni i standardni višak baza (Ea i Ecf) i elektroliti (Na+, K+, Ca2+, Cl- i HCO3 - – bikarbonati), a u serumu ukupni proteini (TP) i albumini (ALB). Također su izračunane sljedeće vrijednosti: razlika jakih iona (SID), z-vrijednost, anionski procjep (AG), slabi anioni i kationi (ATOTtp and ATOTalb), jaki ionski procjep (SIG), nemjereni anioni (XA) i koncentracije globulina. Utvrđen je značajan utjecaj stadija laktacije na većinu pokazatelja acidobazne ravnoteže u krvi lakon ovaca, osim sadržaja pCO2, Cl- , z-vrijednosti i SID-a. Utvrđeno je značajno povećanje sadržaja pO2, sO2, ATOTtp, ATOTalb, AG, SIGalb, SIGtp, XA, Na+, ukupnih proteina i albumina te smanjenje koncentracija K+ i Ca2+ u krvi lakon ovaca kako je laktacija odmicala kraju. Tijekom srednjega stadija laktacije utvrđene su značajne promjene većine pokazatelja acidobazne ravnoteže krvi lakon ovce u odnosu na druge stadije. Stadij laktacije može značajno utjecati na pokazatelje acidobazne ravnoteže krvi lakon ovaca te bi za potpuniju sliku pri izradi acidobazne ravnoteže trebalo uključiti i izračun SIG-a, viška baza (BE) i nemjerenih aniona (XA).
Objective: Previous studies established that between generations changes in feeding protocol can have significant impact on reproductive physiology. The aim of the study was to determinate effects of ...mothers' nutrition and nutrition of the offspring on the characteristics of vaginal smear and serum lipid content.
Methods: Ten female rats were randomly divided in two groups; first group fed with food containing high content of saturated fatty acids (HFD) and the second with standard laboratory chow (CD). After coupling and lactation period their offspring were further randomly divided into two subgroups fed HFD or CD forming four study groups: (a) CD-CD, (b) CD-HFD, (c) HFD-CD and (d) HFD-HFD. The dams and offspring at the age of 37 and 18 weeks, respectively, were subjected to biochemical analysis of the blood and cytological analysis of the vaginal smears. Additionally body weight was recorded and body mass index (BMI) was calculated.
Results: The HFD-HFD group presented with highest levels of triglycerides and the CD-HFD with the highest levels of cholesterol. Therefore, triglyceride and cholesterol levels were significantly different among the groups (p = 0.001 and p = 0.002, respectively). Vaginal cytological smears analysis showed features of irregular phase interchanges or extended estrous phase in offspring of high-fat fed dams.
Conclusion: Maternal HFD consumption predisposes offspring to increased risk of developing metabolic abnormalities and estrous disorders.
Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a highly prevalent disorder among renal transplant recipients. Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) has been associated with several ED risk factors but only recently directly ...linked to ED. We conducted a study to investigate whether vitamin D serum levels were associated with the presence and severity of ED in 40 male patients that underwent deceased donor kidney transplantation (TX) from 2001 to 2013. Blood samples were collected on two seasonally distinct occasions and 25(OH)D concentration was assessed by radioimmunoassay. A 5-item version of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) was used for ED evaluation and group stratification. We found comparable rates of ED (75%) and VDD (42.5%-62.5%) as in previously published studies. Serum levels of 25(OH)D did not differ between patients with and those without ED on both measurements (p=0.656 and p=0.914, respectively), or when comparing different ED severity groups. Duration of renal replacement therapy before TX and graft duration until analysis were longer in patients with ED (p=0.022 and p=0.05, respectively), but with the results being nonsignificant on logistic regression. In conclusion, we found no association of 25(OH)D concentration with the presence and severity of ED in renal transplant recipients. So far, there are no similar published data.
In this study, we present a case of falsely elevated oestradiol (E
) concentration, determined by two immunoassays, in a breast cancer patient receiving exemestane therapy. The positive bias of ...immunochemical measurements was revealed using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry which showed undetectable E
concentration. The discrepancy is expected to be a consequence of the structural resemblance of E
and exemestane sharing the same steroidal backbone. Inaccurate laboratory findings in therapy monitoring, as in this case, may lead to unnecessary changes of therapy.
The research aimed to determine the blood metabolic profile and acid-base status of lactating Travnik ewes in an extensive production system. The research was carried out on 108 lactating Travnik ...ewes, with an average age of 3-4 years, in their 3rd lactation. The ewes were kept on pasture, and had water and animal salt ad libitum. Hematological indicators were determined in whole blood, biochemical parameters in serum, and acid-base status was determined in plasma. The determined average values of hematological parameters were mostly within reference values, except the lower MCHC content and higher MCV content, which indicates the instability of erythrocyte constants. Average mineral concentrations were within the reference values, except for Ca and Fe concentrations which were lower and were infuenced by higher milk excretion. Most of the biochemical indicators, enzyme activity, and indicators of the acid-base balance of lactating Travnik ewes' blood were within the reference values. A high concentration of urea above the reference values was found, and concentrations of total proteins, albumins, total cholesterol, HDL and LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides at the upper limit or above the reference values were determined. Slightly lower GPx activity and higher SOD activity above reference values were determined. These indicators point to energy deficit, as well as poor grazing quality, and a lack of selenium in pasture plant species. When determining the blood metabolic profile of lactating Travnik ewes, the obtained results of the research should be considered, and they should be included in the development of reference values for the Travnik sheep breed. Key words: Travnik ewes; hematological indicators; biochemical indicators; acid-base indicators; extensive production system Cilj istrazivanja bio je utvrditi metabolicki profil krvi i acido-bazni status ovaca travnicke pramenke u ekstenzivnom proizvodnom sustavu. Istrazivanje je provedeno na 108 ovaca travnicke pramenke prosjecne dobi 3 - 4 godine, u trecoj laktaciji. Ovce su boravile na pasnjaku, a vodu i stocnu sol imale su ad libitum. Hematoloski pokazatelji odredeni su u punoj krvi, biokemijski pokazatelji u serumu, a acido-bazni status u plazmi. Utvrdene prosjecne vrijednosti hematoloskih pokazatelja bile su u najvecoj mjeri u fizioloskim granicama, osim manje prosjecne vrijednosti MCHC-a te vece vrijednosti MCV-a, sto upucuje na nestabilnost eritrocitnih konstanti. Prosjecne koncentracije minerala bile su u granicama referentnih vrijednosti, osim koncentracija kalcija i zeljeza koje su bile manje, a pod utjecajem su veceg izlucivanja mlijekom. Vecina biokemijskih pokazatelja, aktivnosti enzima i pokazatelja acido-bazne ravnoteze krvi ovaca travnicke pramenke bila je u granicama referentnih vrijednosti. Treba naglasiti utvrdenu vecu koncentraciju uree te na gornjoj granici ili vece od referentnih vrijednosti koncentracije albumina, ukupnih proteina, ukupnog kolesterola, HDL i LDL-kolesterola i triglicerida, kao i manju aktivnost GPx te nesto vecu SOD-a. To upucuje na energetski deficit te kvalitetu pase i nedostatak selena. Pri utvrdivanju metabolickog profila travnicke pramenke u obzir treba uzeti rezultate dobivenih istrazivanja te ih uvazavati pri izradi referentnih vrijednosti za ovu pasminu. Kljucne rijeci: travnicka pramenka; hematoloski pokazatelji; biokemijski pokazatelji; acido-bazni pokazatelji; ekstenzivni proizvodni sustav
Study goal was to examine which of glomerular rate equations is most suitable for prediction of creatinine clearance (CrCl). Using a retrospective review of data from 500 hospital patients we ...calculated glomerular filtration rate according to Cockcroft-Gault equation (C-G), Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study equation (MDRD) and Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation (CKD-EPI). We determined if results of these equations were compatible with CrCl, and does stage of kidney disease, body-mass index (BMI), diabetes or old age have an impact on their ability to predict creatinine clearance. All of the equations showed high correlations with CrCl, regardless of diabetes, overweight or old age. There was no significant difference (p<0.05) between diagnostic accuracy when comparing ROC plots for MDRD and CKD-EPIat CrCl cut offs of 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 and 90 ml/min/1.73 m2 when analyzing data for all patients, older patients (>65 years) and diabetics. The percentage of overweight patients (BMI > or = 25) in patients with normal CrCl and decreased GFR was 64.81% for C-G, 92.04% for MDRD and 91.36% for CKD-EPI. Large number of overweight patients with normal CrCl and decreased GFR would indicate that CrCl overestimates GFR in overweight patients. The simple correction in CrCl for obese subjects is purposed. Passing-Bablok regression showed agreement between CrCl and MDRD and CrCl and CKD-EPI only in cases of severely decreased GFR (G4 and G5 stage of chronic kidney disease). Only in these stages of chronic kidney disease can CrCl and MDRD or CrCl and CKD-EPI be used simultaneously.
Aim To investigate a potential of the clinical use of the soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFLT-1) to placental growth factor (PlGF) ratio from the perspective of a small hospital centre. Methods ...Maternal serum samples were analysed at 241/7-28 0/7, and 281/7-320/7 weeks of gestation. The level of sFLT-1 and PIGF was determined by immunoassay platform and used to calculate the sFLT-1/PIGF ratio in 35 pregnant women, and divided into subgroups according to preeclampsia occurrence at the time of delivery: preterm (≤37 weeks) or term (37-42 weeks’), and matched a control group. Results Patients in the preterm delivery group had a significantly higher incidence of intrauterine growth restriction, lower gestational age at the time of delivery, and lower infant birth weight compared to the other two groups. There was a negative correlation between the sFLT-1/PlGF ratio and GA and between the sFLT-1/PlGF ratio and birth weight at the time of delivery. The value of the sFLT-1/PlGF ratio was significantly higher in the preterm delivery PE group. All the PE group pregnancies ended with caesarean delivery compared to 25% in the control group. However, none of the patients from the PE group had any of the possible complications of preeclampsia nor did they require additional therapy such as blood transfusion or additional non-standard hypertensive therapy. Conclusion The sFLT-1/PlGF ratio could be used as an indicator for the development and estimation of the severity of PE to provide objective evidence for the management of preeclampsia patients, and as a predictive marker of preeclampsia at low cost.
Diagnostic value of available tumor markers, such as cancer antigen CA 15-3 and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in breast cancer is limited. There is an ongoing search for additional, potentially ...better diagnostic blood markers with improved clinical utility. The aim of this study is to evaluate performance of the approach based on routine blood tests accompanied by a statistical learning tool to the diagnosis of breast cancer.
Blood was collected from total of 104 subjects which were divided into two groups: breast cancer patients and a control group that consisted of asymptomatic volunteers and patients who had benign breast lesions at the time of blood collection. Random forest statistical learning method and the external method validation have been applied to evaluate diagnostic performance of 31 routine blood tests.
The applied statistical learning approach assigned the highest diagnostic importance to the anemia panel among all analyzed blood tests that also included CA 15-3. External validation has shown utility of selected statistical approach – we were able to select tests that provide a diagnostic accuracy comparable to some diagnostic tools described in literature and based on more demanding laboratory techniques, such as gene expression microarrays.
Inclusion of tests for anemia significantly improves diagnostic accuracy for the breast cancer in comparison to the diagnostic accuracy of the CA 15-3 alone. Application of the random forests also enables the reduction of number of laboratory tests needed for the establishment of diagnosis. Differences in relevant test values between the cancer and control group are small but application of multiparametric statistical learning ensured diagnostic accuracy of 72.0% associated by a sensitivity of 64.7% and specificity of 84.9%.
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