Let
be a smooth bounded domain in
, and let
be a linear elliptic differential operator of order
with singular coefficients acting in
. Under some assumptions of singularity for the coefficients of
, ...we obtain Green’s function estimates that hold up to the boundary of the domain and study the absolute convergence of the corresponding Fourier series.
In patients with an ascending aorta aneurysm, restructuring of all its layers and, first of all, the intima and media was revealed. The thickness of the intima was 79.3±63.1 μm in patients with ...aortic diameter <55 mm (group Ao<55) and 162.7±177.4 μm (
p
<0.05) in patients with aortic diameter ⩾55 mm (Ao⩾55 group), the thickness of the aortic media was 1184.0±198.2 and 1144.3±288.4 μm, respectively. In patients of the Ao<55 group, aortic dilatation was accompanied by compensatory thickening of the inner and middle layers of the aorta. In the Ao⩾55 group, thinning of the aortic media, fragmentation of elastic fibers, and its cystic degeneration were revealed. c-kit
+
Stem cells were detected in the subendothelium of the thickened intima of the dilated ascending aorta. The appearance of c-kit
+
cells correlated with intimal remodeling and its colonization with CD34
+
and CD44
+
myofibroblast-like cells.
TRT (Tokamak with Reactor Technologies) is the next major step in Russia’s National Controlled Fusion Program. The TRT facility is designed to develop technologies for providing a long operating ...pulse that is possible using high-temperature superconductivity. To control the operation of the TRT facility and control the parameters of thermonuclear plasma, it is necessary to develop and create a whole complex of diagnostic systems. One of the planned diagnostic systems for TRT is the “Active spectroscopy” diagnostic abbreviated in literature as CXRS. The development of this diagnostic is possible using either the heating or the diagnostic neutral beams. Its tasks include measuring the most important plasma parameters such as ion temperature, plasma rotation velocity, and the concentration of light impurities along the entire radius of the plasma column. This work presents the development of the Active Spectroscopy diagnostic system for the TRT facility. The levels of the active and background signals, as well as the signal-to-noise ratio are estimated. The simulation results for the spectral profiles of plasma radiation are presented. Based on the simulation results, a measurement scheme is proposed that takes into account the need for simultaneous measurements for the different spatial points. A description of the proposed light collection system from the plasma is given, as well as a description of the proposed measuring equipment. The accuracy of measuring individual plasma parameters and the achievable spatial resolution are estimated.
—
An improved prototype of the large-aperture, high-resolution spectrometer−polychromator (the so-called high-etendue spectrometer, HES) has been designed for spectroscopy diagnostics of plasma, in ...particular, for the Charge-eXchange Recombination Spectroscopy (CXRS) diagnostics at the ITER facility. Ion temperature profiles, poloidal and toroidal plasma rotation velocities, and low-
Z
impurity densities can be measured using the CXRS technique. The HES is equipped with novel, high-efficiency compact sCMOS cameras with low noise level, wide dynamic range, high quantum efficiency, and almost 100% working cycle. The HES is based on three transmission holographic gratings, which allow its simultaneous operation in three spectral bands: 468 ± 5, 529 ± 5, and 656 ± 6 nm. The main performance characteristics of the cameras, transmission gratings, and the spectrometer as a unit have been measured. It has been established that the characteristics of the developed HES satisfy the requirements for the spectroscopic equipment intended for measurements of the ITER CXRS diagnostic system.
The effect of thermodynamic nonequilibrium of hydrogen isotope recycling, which consists in significant deviation of the velocity distribution function (VDF) of neutral hydrogen isotope atoms from ...the Maxwellian VDF, on the passive signal of the charge-exchange recombination spectroscopy (CXRS diagnostics) of edge plasma in tokamaks is analyzed using the ITER tokamak reactor as an example. The calculations of the VDF for atomic and molecular deuterium are carried out using the three-dimensional Monte Carlo code EIRENE as a part of the two-dimensional transport code SOLPS and the semi-analytical Ballistic Model BM1D2V, which is one-dimensional in coordinate and two-dimensional in projections of atomic velocity. The source of level population of the Be IV beryllium ion, the line radiation of which is used in the CXRS diagnostics, is calculated for the above two methods of calculating the VDF and the average atomic kinetic energy, as well as in the case of neglecting the thermodynamic nonequilibrium of recycling, when the temperature of atoms is equal to the temperature of the plasma ions. The calculations of the cross section for the charge-exchange reaction of beryllium ions Be V on deuterium atoms using the ARSENY code and other codes and the erosion kinetics of the beryllium first wall using the three-dimensional code ERO2.0 are used. The calculations of the level populations of the Be IV beryllium ion using the
nl
-KinRyd code, the luminosity of the ions, and the passive charge-exchange radiation intensity on the observation chord are carried out for the three indicated cases of the VDF of deuterium atoms. A significant dependence of the results of the conducted predictive modeling on the thermodynamic nonequilibrium of recycling is shown.
We consider solutions of the cubically nonlinear Schrödinger equation. For a certain class of solutions of the form
with
, we prove that they are nonexistent in the general case
,
,
. In the three ...nongeneric cases (
), (
,
,
), and (
,
), we present a two-parameter set of solutions, for which we find the constraints specifying real bounded and unbounded solutions.
A technology for producing a nanocomposite based on the borsiloxane polymer and aluminum oxide nanoparticles (Al2O3 NPs) has been developed. Nanocomposites containing 0.001, 0.01, and 0.1 wt% Al2O3 ...NPs have been created. It has been shown that the nanocomposite with any content of Al2O3 NPs did not lose the main rheological properties of borsiloxane. The resulting nanomaterial is capable of generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radicals. The rate of ROS generation increases up to 3 times with an increase in the concentration of Al2O3 NPs. It has been shown that the nanocomposite leads to the formation of long-lived reactive protein species, and is also the reason for the appearance of such a key biomarker of oxidative stress as 8-oxoguanine in DNA. The intensity of the process increases with an increase in the concentration of Al2O3 NPs. Moreover, it was found that bacterial cells adhere to the surfaces of the nanocomposite (reduces the number of bacteria on the substrate by 39 times), and the nanocomposite can detach bacterial cells not only from the surfaces, but also from wetted substrates. The ability to capture bacterial cells is primarily associated with the properties of the polymer; they are weakly affected Al2O3 NPs. The nanocomposite is non-toxic to eukaryotic cells, the surface of the nanocomposite is suitable for eukaryotic cells for colonization. Due to unique physical properties, low cytotoxicity and antimicrobial action, this nanocomposite can be used in medicine and prosthetics.
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•A new composite based on borsilaxane and aluminum oxide NP has been obtained.•The mechanical and physicochemical properties of the composite have been studied.•Composite inhibits bacteria growth and does not affect growth of animal cells.•The antibacterial effect is probably based on the ability to damage biopolymers.•The composite can be used in the food or textile industry.
Let
be a smooth domain in
(not necessarily bounded), and let
be a linear elliptic differential operator of order
with singular coefficients acting in
. Under some assumptions of singularity for the ...coefficients of
, we consider the Friedrichs extension and study the convergence of spectral expansions in Sobolev spaces.
The dynamics of antagonistic potency of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) isolated from
Rhodobacter capsulatus
PG on the synthesis of proinflammatory (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-8, IL-6, IFN-γ) and antiinflammatory ...(IL-10, IL-1Ra) cytokines induced by highly stimulatory endotoxins from
Escherichia coli
or
Salmonella enterica
have been studied. Using human whole blood, we have shown that
R. capsulatus
PG LPS inhibited most pronouncedly the endotoxin-induced synthesis of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-8, and IL-6 during the first 6 h after endotoxin challenge. Similarly, the endotoxin-induced release of IFN-γ was abolished by
R. capsulatus
PG LPS as well (24 h). In contrast to the above-mentioned cytokines, the relatively weak antagonistic activity of
R. capsulatus
PG LPS against endotoxin-triggered production of IL-6 and IL-8 was revealed. Since
R. capsulatus
PG LPS displays more potent antagonistic activity against deleterious effects of
S. enterica
LPS than those of
E. coli
LPS in the cases of such cytokines as IL-1β (6 and 24 h), IL-6 and IL-8 (4 h), we conclude that the effectiveness of protective action of antagonist is mostly determined by the primary lipid A structure of the employed agonist.
