Since the beginning of the practice of surgery, the reduction of postoperative complications and early recovery have been two of the fundamental pillars that have driven the improvement of surgical ...techniques and perioperative management. Despite great advances in these fields, the rationalization of antibiotic prophylaxis, and other important innovations, postoperative recovery (especially in elderly patients, oncological pathology or digestive or head and neck surgery) is tortuous. This can be explained by several reasons, among which, malnutrition has a major role. Perioperative nutritional support, included within the ERAS (Enhanced Recovery After Surgery) protocol, has proven to be a main element and a critical step to achieve better surgical results. Starting with the preoperative nutritional assessment and treatment in elective surgery, we can improve nutritional status using oral supplements and immunomodulatory formulas. If we add early nutritional support in the postoperative scenario, we are able to significantly reduce infectious complications, need for intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital stay, costs, and mortality. Throughout this review, we will review the latest developments and the available literature.
Resumen Introducción: la nutrición parenteral domiciliaria (NPD) es una técnica que permite incrementar la supervivencia de los pacientes con fallo intestinal. Objetivos: estudiar la evolución de la ...NPD en los últimos 8 años en nuestro centro. Métodos: estudio retrospectivo de pacientes adultos con NPD entre 2011 y 2019. Las variables se expresan como frecuencias y media ± DE (rango). Se realizaron pruebas paramétricas, no paramétricas y análisis de la supervivencia (p < 0,05). Resultados: el uso de NPD mostró un sustancial incremento (hasta un 154 %). Un total de 76 pacientes recibieron NPD, el 76,32 % tenían patología oncológica y, en consecuencia, la principal indicación fue la obstrucción intestinal (56,58 %). La duración media fue de 11,12 ± 23,38 meses (0,17-139,17). El 44,74 % experimentaron una o varias complicaciones, siendo las principales la bacteriemia relacionada con el catéter (BRC) (27,63 %) y las metabólicas (40,79 %), fundamentalmente de tipo hepático. La tasa de BRC fue de 2,25/1000 días de NPD. La principal causa de muerte fue la enfermedad de base. La supervivencia global en caso de patología benigna a los 1, 3 y 5 años fue del 65,5 %, 53,6 % y 40,2 %, respectivamente. En caso de patología maligna, la supervivencia global a los 3 meses fue del 55,1 %, a los 6 meses del 28,7 %, y al año del 19,1 %. Conclusiones: la enfermedad oncológica fue la principal patología que motivó la indicación en nuestro centro. Es la patología de base la que determina el pronóstico, lo que debe tenerse en cuenta en la selección de pacientes. La tasa de BRC obtenida es susceptible de mejora, por lo que es fundamental reforzar la educación sanitaria y la técnica correcta.
We aimed to describe and compare the complications associated with different percutaneous radiologic gastrostomy (PRG) techniques.
A retrospective and prospective observational study was conducted. ...Patients who underwent a PRG between 1995-2020 were included.
A pigtail catheter was used until 2003, a balloon catheter without pexy was used between 2003-2009 and a balloon catheter with gastropexy was used between 2015-2021. For the comparison of proportions, X
tests or Fisher's test were used when necessary. Univariate analysis was performed to study the risk factors for PRG-associated complications.
= 330 (pigtail = 114, balloon-type without pexy = 28, balloon-type with pexy = 188). The most frequent indication was head and neck cancer. The number of patients with complications was 44 (38.5%), 11 (39.2%) and 54 (28,7%), respectively. There were seven (25%) cases of peritonitis in the balloon-type without-pexy group and 1 (0.5%) in the balloon-type with-pexy group, the latter being the only patient who died in the total number of patients (0.3%). Two (1%) patients of the balloon-type with-pexy group presented with gastrocolic fistula. The rest of the complications were minor.
The most frequent complications associated with the administration of enteral nutrition through PRG were minor and the implementation of the balloon-type technique with pexy has led to a decrease in them.
to evaluate the efficacy of glutamine in the prevention of the incidence of oral mucositis secondary to cancer therapies in patients with head and neck cancer (HNC). Secondary objectives were to know ...the incidence of odynophagia, interruptions of treatment and the requirements of analgesia and nasogastric tube.
prospective cohort study of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of HNC treated with radiotherapy ± concomitant chemotherapy. We compared 131 patients receiving glutamine orally at a dose of 10 g/8 hours with 131 patients who did not receive it.
patients not taking glutamine had a hazard ratio 1.78 times higher of mucositis (95% CI 1.01-3.16, p = 0.047). Regarding odynophagia, patients not taking glutamine had a hazard ratio 2.87 times higher (95% CI 1.62-5.18, p = 0.0003). The 19.8% of patients who did not take glutamine discontinued treatment versus6.9% of patients who took (p = 0.002). Regarding support requirements, 87.8% of patients without glutamine required analgesia versus 77.9% of patients with glutamine (p = 0.03) and nasogastric tube was indicated in 9.9% and 3.1% respectively (p = 0.02).
oral glutamine in patients receiving cancer treatments for HNC prevents the incidence of oral mucositis and odynophagia, and decreases treatment interruptions and the use of analgesia and nasogastric tube.
Resumen Introducción y objetivos: en el tratamiento dietético de los pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) existen muchas áreas de incertidumbre. El grupo de trabajo GARIN tiene como objetivo ...definir su posición en este campo. Material y métodos: revisión bibliográfica previa y reunión presencial en la que se discutieron y contestaron preguntas específicas sobre el tema. Resultados: la actuación terapéutica debe ser individualizada y atendiendo al grado de enfermedad renal que presente el paciente y a sus comorbilidades. En cuanto a la terapia médica nutricional, nuestro grupo propone tres niveles diferentes de actuación, en los que las recomendaciones de ingesta proteica, fibra, ácidos grasos o potasio son distintas. Además, sugerimos utilizar el concepto ratio fósforo/proteína en el ajuste de la dieta del paciente con ERC. Damos recomendaciones en cuanto al tratamiento en diabetes y en suplementación artificial. Conclusiones: estas recomendaciones aportan respuestas concretas sobre cuestiones comunes en la asistencia a pacientes con ERC.
: To compare complications associated with percutaneous gastrostomies performed using PUSH and PULL techniques, whether endoscopic (PEG) or radiological (PRG), in a tertiary-level hospital.
: This ...was a prospective observational study. Adult patients who underwent percutaneous PULL or PUSH gastrostomy using PEG or PRG techniques at the Virgen del Rocio University Hospital and subsequently followed up in the Nutrition Unit between 2009-2020 were included. X2 tests or Fisher's test were used for the comparison of proportions when necessary. Univariate analysis was conducted to study risk factors for PRG-associated complications.
:
= 423 (PULL = 181; PUSH = 242). The PULL technique was associated with a higher percentage of total complications (37.6% vs. 23.8%;
= 0.005), exudate (18.2% vs. 11.2%;
= 0.039), and irritation (3.3% vs. 0%;
= 0.006). In the total sample, there were 5 (1.1%) cases of peritonitis, 3 (0.7%) gastrocolic fistulas, and 1 (0.2%) death due to complications associated with gastrostomy. Gender, age, and different indications were not risk factors for a higher number of complications. The most common indications were neurological diseases (35.9%), head and neck cancer (29%), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (17.2%).
: The PULL technique was associated with more total complications than the PUSH technique, but both were shown to be safe techniques, as the majority of complications were minor.
Objectives
To describe the complications associated with the different gastrostomy techniques endoscopic (PEG), radiologic (PRG), and surgical (SG) performed in the last 26 years in a terciary ...hospital.
Methods
Retrospective observational study. Patients who underwent gastrostomy at the Virgen del Rocío University Hospital between 1995 and 2021 were included. For PEG, the PULL technique was performed until 2018 and subsequently the PUSH technique predominantly. For PRG, a pigtail catheter was used until 2003, a balloon catheter between 2003 and 2009, and a balloon catheter with gastropexy between 2015 and 2021. For SG, the conventional technique (CSG) was performed until 2009 and since then the laparoscopic assisted percutaneous gastrostomy (PLAG) technique. Descriptive analysis was performed obtaining the median and quartiles of the quantitative variables P50 (P25-P75) and the frequency for the qualitative variables
n
(%).The comparison of complications between patients who underwent different techniques was performed with Fisher’s test.
Results
n
= 1,070 (PEG = 608, PRG = 344, SG = 118). The three most frequent indications were head and neck tumors, neurological diseases and gastroesophageal tumors. The percentage of patients who had any complication was 48.9% (PEG-PULL), 23.7% (PEG-PUSH), 38.5% (pigtail PRG), 39.2% (balloon PRG), 29.7% (balloon with gastropexy PRG), 87.3% (CSG), and 41.26% (PLAG). 2 (0.18%) patients died from gastrostomy-related complications. 18(1.68%) presented with peritonitis and 5 (0.4%) presented with gastrocolic fistula. The rest of the complications were minor.
Conclusion
Gastrostomy in any of its modalities is currently a safe procedure with a low rate of complications, most of which are minor.
Nutrición enteral en síndrome de intestino corto Ariadel Cobo, Diana; Pereira Cunill, José Luis; Socas Macías, María ...
Nutrición hospitalaria : organo oficial de la Sociedad Española de Nutrición Parenteral y Enteral,
12/2015, Letnik:
32, Številka:
6
Journal Article
Odprti dostop
Lo más característico del presente caso es el manejo nutricional del paciente, que ha logrado evitar la utilización de nutrición parenteral total de forma prolongada y sus posibles complicaciones, ...mediante la administración de una nutrición enteral a través de una sonda yeyunal en el extremo distal de una ileostomía en un paciente con intestino corto severo. Se trata de un hombre de 34 años de edad, con antecedentes de colecistectomía complicada con peritonitis postquirúrgica y dehiscencia, que a los dos años desarrolló un cuadro de obstrucción de intestino delgado, por lo que se realizó devolvulación de intestino delgado que se complicó con dos fugas intestinales en diferentes tiempos; tras la segunda fuga se realizó yeyunostomía lateral en doble cañón de escopeta a nivel de la dehiscencia; presentó altos débitos por el asa aferente de la yeyunostomía terminal; durante el ingreso se insertó una sonda de poliuretano para alimentación enteral por asa eferente de la yeyunostomía. Recibió nutrición enteral por sonda yeyunal colada en el asa eferente con disminución del débito de yeyunostomía proximal terminal y ganancia de peso con posterior reconstrucción del tránsito intestinal.
This study sought to determine the prevalence of malnutrition in patients with inflammatory bowel disease, to analyse the dietary beliefs and behaviours of these patients, to study their body ...composition, to evaluate their muscular strength and to identify the factors associated with malnutrition in these patients.
This was a prospective, multicentre study. Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis patients from 30 Spanish centres, from the outpatient clinics, were included. A questionnaire of 11 items was applied to obtain data from patients' dietary behaviour and beliefs. Patients who accepted were evaluated to assess their nutritional status using Subjective Global Assessment and body mass index. Body composition was evaluated through bioelectrical impedance.
A total of 1271 patients were included 51% women, median age 45 years, 60% Crohn's disease. Of these, 333 patients underwent the nutritional evaluation. A total of 77% of patients declared that they avoided some foods to prevent disease relapse. Eighty-six per cent of patients avoided some foods when they had disease activity because of fear of worsening the flare. Sixty-seven per cent of patients modified their dietary habits after disease diagnosis. The prevalence of malnutrition was 16% 95% confidence interval = 12-20%. In the multivariate analysis, history of abdominal surgery, active disease and avoidance of some foods during flares were associated with higher risk of malnutrition.
The prevalence of malnutrition in inflammatory bowel disease patients was high. We identified some predictive factors of malnutrition. Most of the patients had self-imposed food restrictions, based on their beliefs.
Introducción: La gastrostomía percutánea es el procedimiento de elección para proporcionar acceso enteral en pacientes que requieren soporte nutricional por esta vía a largo plazo, relegando a la ...gastrostomía quirúrgica. Material y métodos: Presentamos tres pacientes con indicación de gastrostomía percutánea para soporte nutricional. En dos casos se realizó la gastrostomía mediante endoscopia y en otro mediante radiología intervencionista. Resultados: Durante la realización de las gastrostomías no se detectaron incidencias clínicas, pero al intentar recambio de las sondas de gastrostomía, se evidenció la presencia de fístula gastrocólica que, ocasionaba imposibilidad del recambio en un caso, o cuadro de dolor abdominal y diarrea en los otros dos casos. Discusión: Pese a ser una técnica segura, la gastrostomía percutánea debe realizarse con una correcta selección de los pacientes para minimizar posibles complicaciones que puedan acontecer, como fístula gastrocólica, recomendando en casos dudosos la realización de prueba de imagen tipo TC (tomografía computerizada).
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