Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the validity of three species of frozen fish imported to Iraq. A comparison was made between the state of the fish (whole or fillets) for the same ...species, and then a comparison was made between the different species of fish, which are Seabream
Sparus aurata, seabass, Dicentrarchus labrax
and tuna, Tunnus
alalunga
by conducting some chemical tests of frozen fish samples, as the percentage of moisture, protein, fat and ash were estimated. The results showed significant differences (P < 0.05) in the moisture content of whole seabream and fillets amounted to 72.10 and 75.16%, respectively, and in seabass it amounted to 73.05 and 74.48%, while in whole tuna fish and fillets it was 75.63 and 76.16%, respectively. No significant differences were recorded in the percentage of protein for the state of fish among the three species (whole and fillets), as it reached 18.19 and 15.60% in seabream in both whole and fillet states, respectively, in seabass 17.59 and 17.10%, respectively, and in tuna fish 18.40 and 18.47% respectively. As for the percentage of fat in the whole fish and fillets of the three species, no significant differences were recorded for whole seabream and fillets, amounting to 8.23 and 7.36%, respectively, while significant differences were recorded in seabass fish between the state of whole fish and fillets, amounting to 7.72 and 6.57%, respectively, in tuna fish, 4.42 and 2.91%, respectively. The results did not record significant differences in the ash percentage of whole seabream and fillets, which amounted to 1.23 and 1.15%, respectively, 1.03 and 1.26% for seabass, respectively, while it was 1.13 and 1.62% for whole tuna and fillets, respectively. The results of the study concluded that the meat of seabream, seabass and tuna imported to Iraq is considered suitable for human consumption after undergoing standards and comparison with the specifications approved locally and internationally.
ABSTRACT
Phagocytosis of various targets, such as apoptotic cells or opsonized pathogens, by macrophages is coordinated by a complex signaling network initiated by distinct phagocytic receptors. ...Despite the different initial signaling pathways, each pathway ends up regulating the actin cytoskeletal network, phagosome formation and closure, and phagosome maturation leading to degradation of the engulfed particle. Herein, we describe a new phagocytic function for the nucleoside diphosphate kinase 1 (NDK‐1), the nematode counterpart of the first identified metastasis inhibitor NM23‐H1 (nonmetastatic clone number 23) nonmetastatic clone number 23 or nonmetastatic isoform 1 (NME1). We reveal by coimmunoprecipitation, Duolink proximity ligation assay, and mass spectrometry that NDK‐1/NME1 works in a complex with DYN‐1/Dynamin (Caenorhabditis elegans/human homolog proteins), which is essential for engulf ment and phagosome maturation. Time‐lapse microscopy shows that NDK‐1 is expressed on phagosomal surfaces during cell corpse clearance in the same time window as DYN‐1. Silencing of NM23‐M1 in mouse bone marrow—derived macrophages resulted in decreased phagocytosis of apoptotic thymocytes. In human macrophages, NM23‐H1 and Dynamin are corecruited at sites of phagosome formation in F‐actin—rich cups. In addition, NM23‐H1 was required for efficient phagocytosis. Together, our data demonstrate that NDK‐1/NME1 is an evolutionarily conserved element of successful phagocytosis.—Farkas, Z., Petric, M., Liu, X., Herit, F., Rajnavölgyi, É., Szondy, Z., Budai, Z., Orbán, T. I., Sándor, S., Mehta, A., Bajtay, Z., Kovács, T., Jung, S. Y., Afaq Shakir, M., Qin, J., Zhou, Z., Niedergang, F., Boissan, M., Takács‐Vellai, K. The nucleoside diphosphate kinase NDK‐1/NME1 promotes phagocytosis in concert with DYN‐1/dynamin. FASEB J. 33, 11606–11614 (2019). www.fasebj.org
Rapid nucleic acid assays have been approved by FDA for managing the COVID-19 pandemic, however its analytical efficiency has not been thoroughly validated. This study evaluates the detection and ...identification of COVID-19 virus using Abbott ID-Now to rapidly identify cases and intervention practices in comparison to nucleic acid detection. Nasopharyngeal Swabs collected from 611 participants were tested for Abbott ID-NOW and LabGun COVID-19 ExoFast RT-PCR Kit as per manufacturer’s protocol. The results from the ID NOW™ COVID-19 assay were evaluated by comparing results with the standard RT-PCR, which served as a standard reference. The infection burden of SARS-CoV-2 in the population of UAE was 11.62%. Compared to detection using real time-based platforms, the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of the ID-Now were 84.51%, 99.81%, 98.36% and 98.00% respectively for COVID-19. A stratified analysis was also carried out using cycle threshold (Ct) values categorizing as Ct>33 as with low viral loads while those with Ct<33 as high. This demonstrated statistically significant (P<0.0001) decrease in sensitivity in samples (97.87% in low Ct value samples versus 58.33% in high Ct value samples). Even though the sensitivity for Abbott ID NOW™ in this study was lower, the specificity, positive predictive values and negative predictive values were significant in low viral load samples. It is easy to use and interpret, giving early information to support clinical decision-making ID-NOW could be possibly used as a point-of-care test after evaluation in epidemic and endemic settings.
Kyasanur Forest Disease (KFD) is a viral haemorrhagic fever, transmitted to humans and other hosts by a tick vector of genus
Haemaphysalis
. It affects 400–500 people annually in the Western Ghats ...region of India through spring to summer season. To understand the species composition, distribution, and abundance of
Haemaphysalis
ticks in endemic taluks (sub-districts) of India, a surveillance for ticks was conducted between October 2017 and January 2018. In total 105 sites were selected based on grid sampling from five taluks representing five KFD endemic states in south India. A sum of 8373 ticks were collected by using standard flagging method. The study showed a wide distribution of host seeking tick species among the selected taluks, wherein
Haemaphysalis spinigera
was predominant in 3/5 taluks,
Haemaphysalis bispinosa
in 1/5 taluks, and both the species in 1/5 taluks. Further, the
H. spinigera
abundance was categorised and compared with the incidence of human cases during the same season. The grids with very high and high
H. spinigera
abundance had 70% of the 205 human cases reported. This method of tick surveillance could be efficiently used as a standard model for KFD transmission risk assessment and prediction of impending outbreaks.
Pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis Shawki, Hilal B; Muhammed, Shakir M; Reda, Amal N ...
Saudi medical journal
28, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
A 38-year-old Iraqi female, presented with one-year history of exertional dyspnea and exercise intolerance, without systemic or constitutional symptoms. Clinical examination revealed bilateral basal ...crackles with signs suggestive of left side pleural effusion, chest x-ray showed left sided pleural effusion, and diffuse bilateral basal pulmonary shadowing. Her biochemical analysis, hematological tests, electrocardiogram and echocardiography were normal, aspiration of the fluid revealed a chylothorax, the radiological shadowing was proved by computed tomography scan of the chest to be diffuse cystic lesions involving mostly the lower lobes. Open lung biopsy showed dilated lymphatic vessels with surrounding inflammatory cells and smooth muscle fibers consistently with the diagnosis of pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis LAM.
Background: Malaria is associated with high morbidity and mortality especially in World’s tropical regions. In 2016, an estimated 216 million and 445,000 cases of malaria and deaths associated with ...malaria respectively were reported globally. Malaria is the first leading cause of outpatient visits, hospitalization and death in Burundi. We therefore examined the trend in malaria cases and deaths in Burundi. Methods: We extracted data from Burundi National Health Information System (BNHIS) and assessed trends in malaria cases and deaths from January 2015 to December 2017. A suspected case of malaria was defined as any person treated by anti-malarial drugs without testing while a confirmed case as any person with a positive microscopy or rapid diagnostic test for malaria parasite. We described malaria cases and deaths, and calculated malaria case incidence rate. Results: A total of22,225,699 malaria cases with 8,660 deaths (CFR 0.04%) was documented during the study period. Out of 22,225,699 cases, 45,291 cases (0.2%) were suspected malaria cases. The observed peak season of malaria infection in any of the studied year was in the raining season (March-June). All provinces of the country were affected. Kirundo and Cankuzo provinces the incidence of malaria cases increased from 10.1 cases per 1,000 persons in 2015 to 13.2 cases per 1,000 persons in 2017. The case fatality rate decreased from 0.06% in 2015 to 0.01% in 2017. Conclusions: An increasing trend in malaria prevalence was observed in Burundi but Kirundo and Cankuzo provinces were the most affected. However, the case fatality decreased within the studied period. Malaria intervention should be intensified/scaled up in the raining season and the most affected provinces.
Background: Chronic cough is often the key symptom not only of chronic pulmonary diseases but for other important extrapulmonary pathologies, in particular upper airway and gastrointestinal diseases. ...Objective: This study was designed to determine the etiology of chronic cough and the usefulness of the available diagnostic tests in reaching its causes. Methods: One hundred patients presenting with chronic cough at Baghdad Teaching Hospital Outpatient Clinic were enrolled in this study. The patients underwent a full clinical interview, physical examination with indicated diagnostic test(s) (such as chest x ray, bronchoscope, PFT, GIT study, sinus X ray or CT). Results: An etiology of chronic cough was determined in 93% of the patients. Post nasal drip is the leading cause of chronic cough reported in 31% of the patient, while asthma gastroesophageal reflux disease, and chronic bronchitis seen in (26, 20, and 6 % respectively). The diagnosis of chronic cough can be reached by comprehensive history, proper physical examination, and chest X ray findings in 66 % patients, further more sophisticated and invasive tests like: PFT, upper GIT study , expectorated sputum examination (AFB, Gram staining, cytology), fibrooptic bronchoscope, and full ENT evaluation including sinuses X ray or sinuses CT scanning, are need in the rest. Conclusion: The etiology of chronic cough can often be diagnosed safely with a simple initial evaluation (history, physical examination and chest X-ray). Postnasal drip, asthma and gastroesophageal reflux disease account for the etiology in more than three quarter of the patients.
Background: left ventricular hypertrophy is independent risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The presence of diabetic complications such as autonomic neuropathy and retinopathy may ...predict cardiac structural changes in diabetic patients. Objective: To explore the chance of occurrence of left ventricular hypertrophy in diabetic patients and whether it is related to the presence of other diabetic complications. Methods: ninty seven (97) normotensive diabetic patients (57) type II with mean duration of diabetes of (12±6 y) and forty (40) type I with mean duration of (8±6 y) were studied by echocardiography and compared with 41 patients as control. Results: The LVMI was significantly higher in type II diabetics compared to control (102±31 vs. 67±16 p< 0.001), although LVMI was higher in type I compared to controls but it was statistically non significant (76.7±18 vs. 76 ±16 P < 0.25). The increased in LVMI was correlated with long duration of diabetes > 15 years in type I but not in type II (p<0.001), retinopathy (34.5% vs. 4.8 p< 0.001), sings and symptoms of autonomic dysfunction (32.7% vs. 10.4% p=0.008) and (38.2% vs. 12.7%p=0.004) respectively. After adjustment for duration of diabetes, age, gender and the type of diabetes, the LVMI was only significantly correlated with long duration of diabetes (>10y). Conclusion: LV mass index was higher in diabetic patient mainly in type II, more prevalent with long duration of diabetes and if there are other diabetic complications
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