Melasma is a chronic hyperpigmentation disorder. Although several treatment methods are used for patients, it remains a challenging problem for physicians. Erbium-YAG laser is one of the laser ...treatment methods that proved its efficacy in melasma treatment. We aimed to compare the efficacy of combining the fractional Er: YAG laser and Kligman’s formula with Kligman’s formula alone in the treatment of melasma. Twenty female patients with bilateral melasma were randomly treated in a split-face controlled manner with a fractional Er: YAG laser followed by Kligman’s formula on one side and Kligman’s formula on the other side. All patients received three laser sessions with four-week intervals. The efficacy of treatments was determined through photographs, Visioface, and Melasma Area Severity Index (MASI) score, all performed at baseline and three months after the end of laser sessions. Fractional Er: YAG laser and Kligman’s formula showed a significant decrease in MASI score than Kligman’s formula alone (
P
= 0.005). There was a significant decrease in cheek Visioface score on Er: YAG laser and Kligman’s formula vs Kligman’s formula (
P
= 0.02). However, the Patient Global Assessment Scale of both sides was not statistically significant (
P
= 0.23). The combination of Fractional Er: YAG laser with Kligman’s formula is an effective treatment method for melasma.
Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is a rare, yet serious autoimmune disorder primarily affecting the skin and mucous membranes. While the dermatological and mucosal aspects of PV are well-documented, the ...potential for systemic involvement, particularly cardiac complications, remains under-explored. This study aimed to investigate the serum cardiac troponin I (cTnI) level in patients with PV versus healthy controls. The relationship between serum cardiac troponin I (cTnI) levels and various demograpgics, clinical and laboratory characteristics in patients with PV was also dealt with. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 59 patients with pemphigus vulgaris and 59 age- and sex- matched healthy controls, visited at a tertiary care hospital from August 2021 to May 2023. After thorough history taking and physical examination, troponin level was measured by the ECL (Electrochemiluminescence) method. The correlation between serum cTnI level and various variables was evaluated using Pearson’s correlation coefficient. The mean serum cardiac troponin I (cTnI) level in patient group was 0.104 ± 0.05 ng/mL, with a range of 0.01 to 0.25 ng/mL. Despite mean cTnI level in patients was greater than controls, this difference was not reach to the significance level (P value: 0.058). The analysis revealed a significant positive correlation (
r
= 0.52,
p
= 0.005310), suggesting that higher PDAI scores were associated with elevated cTnI level. The correlation between serum cardiac troponin I (cTnI) level and PDAI score, even without any clinical sign or risk factor for cardiovascular disease suggests a potential link between the severity of PV and subtle cardiac involvement, highlighting the importance of cardiac monitoring in these patients.
This study reports a patient developing TEN after the first dose of (BBIBP‐CorV). He developed numerous purpuric and dusky patches with flaccid bullae and areas of epidermal detachment covered more ...than 30% of the body area within 6 days. After treatment with dexamethasone and cyclosporin, he recovered within 14 days.
COVID‐19 vaccinations are safe and effective methods for the prevention of infection albeit with few instances of complication. The patients who develop TEN/SJS following vaccination might have led to mortality if they were misdiagnosed.
Background and Aims
Alopecia areata (AA) is a common autoimmune nonscarring hair disorder with strong genetic links. It seems to be associated with several comorbidities affecting the AA treatment ...plan. On the other hand, the prevalence of comorbidities in different populations can be different based on genetic differences. This study aimed to clarify the association between age and sex with various comorbidities in AA patients.
Methods
This cross‐sectional study was conducted on 402 patients suffering from AA referred to our hospitals between 2018 and 2021. The clinical records of the patients were reviewed, including demographic and clinical information.
Results
The most common diseases associated with AA were anxiety (36%), dermatitis (30%), hypothyroidism (9%), hyperlipidemia (5%), and vitamin D deficiency (4%). The most common comorbidities in AA patients over 18 years were allergic rhinitis, psychological problems, diabetes, hypertension, and hypothyroidism (p < 0.05). Hypothyroidism was more common in female patients than in male patients (p = 0.002). In contrast, hyperlipidemia was more common in male patients than in female patients (p = 0.024). There was a significant association between the severity of AA and hyperlipidemia and vitiligo (p = 0.003 and 0.045).
Conclusion
Sex and age could affect comorbidities. The prevalence of hypothyroidism was higher in our study; it was higher in women than in men. Thyroid function tests were recommended for AA patients.
Keypoints
The prevalence of comorbidities in different populations can be different based on genetic differences.
Sex and age could affect comorbidities. The prevalence of hypothyroidism was higher in our study; it was higher in women than in men.
A 60‐year‐old woman presented with non‐itchy shiny translucent papules on her right breast surface. She had a history of quadrantectomy and chemoradiotherapy due to medullary breast carcinoma ...20 years ago. Cutaneous lymphangioma occurred secondary to surgery and radiotherapy 8 years ago. It is a late complication of breast cancer treatment.
Breast lymphangioma may occur secondary to radiotherapy after mastectomy. It should be considered in the diagnosis of patients with vesicular lesions in the field of radiation therapy in the differential diagnosis of metastasis.
Background and Aims
Alopecia areata (AA) is an immune‐mediated nonscarring alopecia. Nail changes are a common disfiguring feature of AA with an average prevalence of 30%. We aimed to evaluate the ...frequency of different types of nail changes and determine demographic and clinical associations.
Methods
This cross‐sectional study included 197 AA patients. Demographic and clinical variables including the Severity of Alopecia Tool (SALT) score, type of AA, and nail changes were evaluated.
Results
Among 197 AA patients with a mean age of 28.95 ± 14.45 years, 50.3% were female. Nail changes were detected in 165 patients (83.8%). The most frequent nail abnormalities were pitting (53.3%), linear line (46.7%), and distal notching (26.9%). AA patients with nail abnormalities were significantly younger than patients without nail changes (25.31 ± 14.96 vs. 32.22 ± 9.77 years; p < 0.001). Considering age groups, younger children (less than 10 years) were more likely to have nail changes than adults (97.1% vs. 76.5%; p < 0.001). The prevalence of linear line (69.6%) and distal notching (46.4%) were significantly higher in the universalis variant compared to other variants (p < 0.001). Pitting (54.5%), distal notching (43.9%), and koilonychia (12.1%) were the most common nail changes in severe forms compared to mild‐to‐moderate forms (p < 0.009).
Conclusions
Our study revealed that young patients with severe disease are prone to nail abnormalities. Pitting, distal notching, and linear line were the most common nail changes. Of note, koilonychia, leukonychia, and red spots lunula are more expected in more severe AA.
Dermatological disorders are among the most prevalent manifestations of HIV infection/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). In this review, we aimed to characterize the various dermatologic ...presentations among HIV-infected patients with a detailed categorization of the mucocutaneous signs and symptoms, their etiopathogenic factors, and clinical management. In fact, cutaneous manifestations of HIV are quite various, ranging from AIDS-specific skin eruptions (xerosis, pruritic papular eruptions, eosinophilic folliculitis, and acne), opportunistic infections (herpes simplex, molluscum contagiosum, cutaneous leishmaniasis, bacillary angiomatosis, disseminated histoplasmosis, disseminated cryptococcosis, and zoster) to AIDS-related malignancies (Kaposi’s sarcoma, lymphoma, and nonmelanoma skin cancers) and antiretroviral therapy (ART)-associated drug eruptions. We tried to classify HIV-related cutaneous presentations which can help clinicians for a better understanding of the various specific and nonspecific features of AIDS-associated cutaneous manifestations and management of the condition.
Alopecia areata (AA) is a common non-scaring hair loss disease. Genetic susceptibility and environmental factors can develop the disease.
We investigated the association between AA and ABO and Rh ...blood groups.
This cross-sectional study was done on 200 patients with AA and 200 healthy controls (HCs) between March 2021 and September 2021.
The prevalence of blood groups O, A, B, and AB in patients with AA was 30%, 30.5%, 10.5%, and 29%, respectively. A significant difference was detected between the two groups in the frequency of the ABO and ABO*Rh blood groups (p-value < 0.05). Compared to the HCs, the prevalence of the AB and AB+ blood group was higher in AA patients. No significant relationship was detected between sex, BMI, duration of disease, age at onset, severity of alopecia tool (SALT) score, hair loss pattern, and nail involvement with ABO and Rh blood groups (p-value > 0.05).
In conclusion, the highest difference was related to the AB+ blood group, so compared to HCs, the AB+ blood group frequency was higher in patients with AA. However, more studies with larger sample sizes on different ethnicities should be performed to verify the results of this study.
Key Clinical Message
We described the first case of granular parakeratosis with an unusual presentation of brown discoloration plaques and multiple erythematous on the dorsal part of the patient's ...hands. Skin maceration and repeated washing could have led to the development of the lesions.
Granular parakeratosis is a unique acquired keratinization disorder. Here, we described the abnormal presentation of granular parakeratosis. A healthy female aged 27 years old presented brown discoloration plaques and multiple erythematous on the dorsal part of her hands for 8 months. Using detergents, repeated washing, and skin maceration were considered the causes of her lesion.
Crusted scabies is a rare and extremely contagious infestation by Sarcoptes scabiei. Kaposi's varicelliform eruption (KVE) refers to herpes simplex virus infection superimposed on pre-existing ...dermatosis such as atopic dermatitis, Darier's disease, and pemphigus. We report a case of KVE superimposed on crusted scabies in a middle-aged woman. Her condition was complicated with sepsis. She was treated with IV meropenem, vancomycin, and acyclovir and was released 2 weeks later in good condition. To our knowledge, only rare cases of crusted scabies complicated by KVE have been reported.
PDF